The top 100 most cited manuscripts in bladder cancer: A bibliometric analysis (review article).

BACKGROUND: Bladder cancer is one of the top 10 frequently occurring neoplasms worldwide and is responsible for over 150,000 deaths per annum. Bibliometric analysis helps further our knowledge of bladder cancer research, topics and trends. It is useful to identify the most influential articles and its impact pertinent to this field that has helped mould our understanding and management of bladder cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Search terms related to bladder cancer were compiled and used to interrogate the Thompson Reuters Web of Science indexing database. The 100 most cited manuscripts in the English language were identified and further evaluated by theme, manuscript type, journal, year of publication, author and institution. RESULTS: The Web of Science search returned a total of 47,381 manuscripts. The median number of citations among the top 100 was 515, ranging from 2257 to 352. The greatest number of manuscripts in the top 100 were published in the Journal of Urology (n = 15), followed by the Journal of Clinical Oncology (n = 14) and European Urology (n = 13). The most cited paper (Stein et al. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2001, 2257 citations) reported on the long term outcomes from a large cohort of patients that underwent radical cystectomy and bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy for transitional cell carcinoma. The most prevalent theme was the pathobiology of bladder cancer (n = 37) followed by oncological treatment (n = 17). The majority of manuscripts were of original research (n = 79) mainly based on basic science study design and published from institutions in the USA. CONCLUSION: The pathobiology and oncological treatment of bladder cancer were the areas with most citations within the top 100. This bibliometric analysis has identified influential articles in the field on bladder cancer, which provides a useful guide to authors as to what type of article constitutes a highly citable publication in this subject.

Skeletal Muscle Metastasis to Vastus Lateralis from a Urothelial Carcinoma: A Case Report and Review of Its Diagnosis and Management.

Bladder cancer is a common genitourinary tract malignancy. Urothelial carcinoma is the most frequent type of bladder cancer and it commonly metastasises to lymph nodes, bone, lung and liver by a haematogenous route. Skeletal metastases are very rare and are usually present in patients with advanced metastatic disease. We present an unusual case of a 71-year-old male with a urothelial carcinoma metastasis to the vastus lateralis muscle 3 months following a cystoprostatectomy for muscle invasive bladder cancer.

Chondroid syringoma with hyaline cell change.

Four cases of chondroid syringoma containing large numbers of hyaline or plasmacytoid cells are described. Three cases occurred in the hand and one in the foot. Hyaline cells are commonly seen in mixed tumours and myoepitheliomas of salivary glands and rarely in chondroid syringomas. The hyaline-cell change in three of the cases initially caused diagnostic difficulties and the possibility of sarcoma was raised in two cases. In addition to the characteristic hyaline cells, the presence of tubulo-glandulo-ductal structures, benign squamous epithelium and myxochondroid stroma aided diagnosis. Immunohistochemically, the hyaline cells exhibited positivity for vimentin, cytokeratin, S-100 protein, carcino-embryonic antigen, focal glial fibrillary acidic protein (3 cases), neuron-specific enolase (3 cases) and focal alpha-smooth muscle actin (2 cases). Occasional cells were Ber EP4 positive (2 cases). In some cells, a striking peripheral ring-like positivity for cytokeratin and S-100 protein was noted. Ultrastructurally, desmosomes, varying numbers of tonofibrils and non-bundling intermediate filaments were seen. Scanty fine filaments with vague focal densities were detected in some cells. Our studies suggest that the hyaline cells represent modified epithelial as well as myoepithelial cells. One of our cases also exhibited collagenous spherulosis.

Potentiation of 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea's toxicity in vitro by two new bioreductive agents.

Two new bioreductive compounds, 9-[3-(2-nitro-1-imidazolyl)propylamino]acridine hydrochloride (NLA-1) and 9-[2-(2-nitro-1-imidazolyl)ethylamino]acridine hydrochloride (NLA-2), which behave as hypoxic cytotoxins and radiosensitizers, have been investigated for potentiation of 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea's (CCNU) cytotoxic activity in vitro using V-79 cells. The preincubation effect as well as conditions of coadministration of CCNU with each sensitizer have been examined. In this latter case, the median-effect analysis was applied to evaluate whether the phenomenon was additive or synergistic. A clonogenic assay was used to score survival. Both bioreductive compounds, even at very low concentrations, significantly enhance the cytotoxic activity of CCNU under conditions of hypoxic preincubation. The enhancement of CCNU cytotoxicity is dependent upon preincubation time and the concentrations of both CCNU and the specific bioreductive agent. Coincubation of cells under hypoxia with CCNU and each bioreductive agent led to some potentiation, but only at lower survival levels. No chemosensitization was observed under aerobic conditions with either sensitizer.

Monocytoid B cell lymphoma.

The clinical, light microscopic, ultrastructural, immunocytochemical and cytogenetic features of a case of monocytoid B cell lymphoma were investigated. The tumour initially affected the cervical and supraclavicular nodes, but 33 months later affected the left parotid salivary gland. The patient had subclinical Sjögren's syndrome. The neoplastic cells showed characteristic morphological features and had peri- and interfollicular distribution in the node. Immunocytochemically the tumour cells were L26, 4KB5, MB2, CD19, CD20, CD22 and IgM/kappa positive. Prominent plasmablastic plasmacytoid differentiation was present in the recurrent tumour, suggesting an origin from post-follicular B cells. The lymphoma cells showed unusual cytogenetic abnormalities.

Irradiation-induced penile angiosarcoma.

We report a case of angiosarcoma of the glans penis in a 77 year old male Caucasian. The tumour developed 18 years after a course of radiotherapy for a penile ulcer which was an intra-epidermal squamous carcinoma. The differential diagnosis and the concept of radiotherapy-induced angiosarcomas are discussed.

A clinical and electron microscopic study of a calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumour.

The clinical features and the histological and ultrastructural appearances of a case of calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumour are described. The ultrastructural features of the cells of this tumour are comparable to cells of the stratum intermedium of the enamel organ. It is suggested that the amyloid-staining material found in this tumour is a cellular secretion rather than a cytoplasmic degeneration.