[Antitumor activity of cold-adapted strains of influenza virus in a model transformed murine tumor cells]. / Protivoopukholevaia aktivnost' kholodoadaptirovannykh shtammov virusa grippa na modeli perevivaemykh linii opukholevykh kletok myshei.

Influenza virus suppressed tumor growth after injection to tumor zone in a dose of 7-8 lg EID50, as was shown for two continuous mouse tumor cell strains, Ehrlich's carcinoma and L-1210 lymphoma. Influenza virus strains differed by their antitumor activity which correlated with their interferonogenic activity. Antitumor activity of influenza virus depended on the site of application, dose of the virus, and interferonogenic activity. Virus therapy of tumors stimulated specific cytotoxic activity towards tumor antigens.

[Effect of regulator cells induced by the influenza virus in adoptive transfer]. / Vliianie reguliatornykh kletok, indutsirovannykh virusom grippa, v usloviiakh adoptivnogo perenosa.

The protective effect of humoral and cellular immunity factors on experimental mouse influenza infection was studied in combination with a simultaneous analysis of the functional activity in the regulatory lymphocytes of donor mice. The efficacy of adoptive defense of recipient mice, that is the intensity of immune reactions in their organisms, was found to depend on the concrete functional state of donor mouse transferring cells. The exact time of activation of T-helper cells open certain prospects for the concrete pathogenetically grounded drug therapy.

[Experimental coronavirus encephalomyelitis in mice]. / Eksperimental'nyi koronavirusnyi éntsefalomielit myshei.

A combined comparative virological, morphological, and immunological study of experimental coronavirus encephalomyelitis was carried out in mice in order to elucidate the pathogenetic mechanisms involved in the formation of the foci of lesions in acute and chronic forms of the disease. Intracerebral inoculation of C3H mice with the neurotropic JHM strain of murine hepatitis virus induces a disease with demyelinization foci in the CNS running acute, subacute, or chronic course. This model underlies a concept that demyelinating diseases are caused by viruses producing immunopathologic responses realized via certain histocompatibility loci. The long-term persistence of viral antigen in the CNS and liver may be explained by virus replication in hepatocytes and oligodendrocytes at low levels, and exacerbations of the disease are prevented by the immune system.

[Protective effectiveness of the blood sera and immune system cells from mice immunized with live or inactivated influenza virus]. / Zashchitnaia éffektivnost' syvorotok krovi i kletok immunnoi sistemy myshei, immunizirovannykh zhivym ili inaktivirovannym virusom grippa.

The results of the study of comparative protective role of humoral and cell-mediated immunity factors obtained from inbred donor mice immunized with live or inactivated influenza virus are presented. The superiority of the live virus over the inactivated preparation as the inducer of not only humoral but especially cell-mediated immune response was demonstrated by the effectiveness of passive intranasal protection of the infected mice, by the degree of inhibition of virus reproduction in the lungs of the protected mice, and by the capacity for interferon production by the cells of the immune system of donor mice.

Comparison of the anti-influenza activities of antibodies and immune system cells administered intranasally to syngeneic mice.

A novel experimental approach was employed to investigate the protective role of cellular and humoral factors in antiviral immunity under conditions of their prophylactic administration into the tracheobronchial cavities of normal mice-recipients which were challenged 24 hr later with influenza virus A/PR/8/34 (H0N1). The highest protective effect was afforded by intranasal administration of immune serum (91.3%) as compared with splenocytes (65.2%). The addition of immune serum to cell suspensions or pooled lymphocyte and macrophage fractions previously isolated from the spleen increased the protective effect of these materials by 97--100% thus surpassing the protective effect of immune serum alone. The protective effect of passively administered cells from inflammatory exudates of peritoneal or tracheobronchial cavities was higher than that of a more concentrated splenocyte suspension; the results were comparable only if the number of splenocytes was 4- to 5-fold that of the exudate cells. The degree of the protective effect was strictly proportional to the concentration of immune system cells administered to the concentration of immune system cells administered to the syngeneic recipients.

[Effectiveness of humoral and cellular protective factors in experimental influenza]. / Effektivnost' gumoral'nykh i kletochnykh zashchitnykh faktorov pri éksperimental'noi grippoznoi infektsii.

The results of application of a new experimental approach proposed by A. A. Smorodintsev in investigations of a comparative defensive role of cellular and humoral factors of influenza immunity in the phenomena of recovery are presented. A more marked effect on the processes of recovery of cellular defence factors in infected mice than those of the sera of the same animal donors was observed. The effectiveness of the action of the cellular factors of immunity on the development of experimental influenza infection depended on the duration of the viral process to a lesser extent than the effect of homologous antibodies. The protective activity of lymphocytes and macrophages of inflammatory exudates was particularly high when the cells obtained early after immunization (4-5 days) were used.

[Demyelinization process in acute and subacute experimental encephalomyelitis]. / Demieliniziruiushchii protsess pri ostrom i podostrom techenii éksperimental'nogo éntsefalomielita.

The authors present the results of studying encephalomyelitis caused by the neurotropic (IHM) strain of the murine hepatitis virus in 60 mice of the C3H line infected intracerebrally at the age of 4 weeks. Morphological examinations of the brain carried out on the 5th-13th day (the acute period) and the 14th-30th day (the subacute stage) have shown that it is myelin-producing cells that are affected first in this form of encephalomyelitis, while the periaxonal process observed is a consequence of this affection. Proofs of this conclusion are presented. It is shown that in subacute encephalomyelitis, similar processes develop. Degeneration and infection of oligodendrocytes are not so pronounced in that case, as in the acute disease. However, destruction of even individual oligodendrocytes may lead (due to the peculiarities of their structure and function) to an avalanche-like process of demyelinization. It is supposed that the vesicular degeneration of myelin may arise in the sites of close contact between the myelin membranes and the cells of inflammation infiltrates (release of lysosomal enzymes and toxic products formed in edema). In the latter case the viruses serve as an antigen depot that causes and maintains the inflammatory process.