Teaching hospitals and their influence on survival after valve replacement procedures: A retrospective cohort study using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW).

BACKGROUND: The effect of teaching hospital status on cardiovascular surgery has been of common interest in recent decades, yet its magnitude on heart valve replacement is still a matter of debate. Given the ethical and practical unfeasibility of randomly assigning a patient to such an exposure, we use the inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) to assess this marginal effect on the survival of Colombian patients who underwent a first heart valve replacement between 2016 and 2019. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted based on administrative records. The time-to-death event and cumulative incidences of death, readmission, and reoperation are presented as outcomes. An artificial sample is configured through IPTW, adjusting for sociodemographic variables, comorbidities, technique, and intervention weight. RESULTS: Of a sample of 3,517 patients, 1,051 (29.9%) were operated on in a teaching hospital. The median age was 65.0 (18.1-91.5), 38.5% of patients were ≤60, and 6.9% were ≥80. The cumulative incidences of death at 30, 90 days, and one year were 5.9%, 8%, and 10.9%, respectively. Furthermore, 23.5% of the patients were readmitted within 90 days and 3.6% underwent reintervention within one year. The odds of 30-day mortality are lower for patients operated in a teaching hospital (OR 0.51; 95% CI 0.29-0.92); however, no effect on survival was identified in terms of time-to-event of death (HR 1.07; 95%CI 0.78-1.46). CONCLUSIONS: After IPTW, the odds of 30-day mortality are lower for patients operated in a teaching hospital. There was no effect on survival, 90-day or one-year mortality, 90-day readmission, or one-year reintervention. Together, we offer an opening for investigating an exposure that has yet to be explored in Latin America with potential value to understand teaching hospitals as the essential nature of reality of an academic-clinical synergy.

Mitral valve repair in severe mitral regurgitation after blunt chest trauma.

Mitral valve insufficiency is a pathological condition frequently caused by etiologies such as rheumatic heart disease, ischemic cardiomyopathy, leaflets prolapse, endocarditis, rupture of a chordae tendineae, ventricular disorders or congenital heart defects among others. Nevertheless, blunt thoracic trauma, although as a rare cause, can produce valve abnormalities. We describe a case of surgical mitral valve repair of a severe insufficiency caused by blunt chest trauma in a high energy road motorbike accident.

Mixoma ventricular izquierdo / Left ventricular myxoma

Resumen Introducción: El mixoma es un tumor benigno con prevalencia de 0,01 a 0,03% en la población, principalmente de presentación esporádica y con predilección por la aurícula izquierda seguido por la aurícula derecha. La localización en los ventrículos es considerablemente más infrecuente y la sintomatología varía según el lugar de origen. Con la presentación de este caso se hará énfasis en: las manifestaciones clínicas, el diagnóstico y el tratamiento del mixoma. Objetivo: Presentar un caso clínico de mixoma ventricular izquierdo en la Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá de un hombre de 50 años sin antecedentes de importancia, con disnea de esfuerzos y dolor retroesternal de dos meses de evolución. El ecocardiograma transtorácico, la resonancia nuclear magnética, y el cateterismo cardiaco, evidenciaron una masa en la región posteriory medial del ápex, por lo que se realizó la resección quirúrgica del tumor. Posteriormente, el estudio anatomopatológico confirmó el diagnóstico inicial dado por las imágenes. El pacientetuvo una evolución favorable y fue dado de alta seis días después con resultados satisfactorios. Discusión: Es más frecuente en el sexo femenino y la edad adulta, aunque se reportan casos entodas las edades. La localización de los mixomas es de 75-80% en la aurícula izquierda, 20% enla aurícula derecha, 3% en el ventrículo izquierdo, y 3% en el ventrículo derecho. Las manifestaciones se evidencian con síntomas constitucionales (74%), disnea (45%) y embolismo (41%). Conclusión: Las neoplasias cardiacas son infrecuentes siendo el mixoma, el tumor benigno más común del corazón. El diagnóstico puede ser sugerido por los síntomas, aunque es usual encontrar un examen físico normal. Se diagnóstica con el ecocardiograma transtorácico, la tomografía axial computarizada y la resonancia nuclear magnética. El tratamiento es quirúrgico, siendo seguro, efectivo y considerado curativo en la mayoría de las resecciones, con una tasa de supervivencia a 5 años del 83%.

Abstract Introduction: Myxomas are a benign tumour with a prevalence of 0,01 to 0,03%, mostly of sporadic presentation and with a preference for the left atrium, followed by the right atrium. Their location in the ventricles is considerably more infrequent and their symptomatology varies depending on their placement. With the presentation of this case focus will lie on clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of myxomas. Motivation: To present a clinical case of left ventricular myxoma in the Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá in a 50 year-old male without relevant medical conditions, with exertional dyspnea and restrosternal pain over the last two months. The transthoracic echocardiogram, magnetic resonance and cardiac catheterization evidenced a mass in the anterior and medial regions of the apex, therefore a surgical resection of the tumour was carried out. Later on the histological analysis confirmed the initial imaging diagnosis. The patient presented a favourable evolution and was discharged six days later with positive results. Discussion: It is more frequent in females and in adults, though cases are reported in all ages. Location of myxomas is 75-80% in the left atrium, 20% in the right atrium, 3% in the left ventricle and 3% in the right ventricle. Manifestations are evidenced with constitutional symptoms (74%), dyspnea (45%) and embolism (41%). Conclusion: Cardiac neoplasms are infrequent, myxomas being the most common benign heart tumours. The diagnosis can be suggested by the symptoms, though it is usual to encounter a normal physical examination. It is diagnosed with transthoracic echocardiogram, computerised axial tomography and magnetic resonance. Treatment is surgical, being safe, effective and considered curative in most resections, with a survival rate after 5 years of 83%.