ABSTRACT
The genus Acremonium (formerly known as Cephalosporium) is a large polyphyletic fungal genus that comprises approximately 150 phylogenetically distant species, commonly isolated from the environment. Clinical cases concern mostly superficial infections after traumatic inoculation, but there are reports of opportunistic invasive infections in immunocompromised patients. Acremonium kiliense has been described as a cause of mycetoma, keratitis, endophthalmitis, endocarditis, and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis. We describe an unusual cluster of possible catheter-related bloodstream infections due to this pathogen in patients who underwent haematopoietic cell transplantation.
Subject(s)
Acremonium/isolation & purification , Fungemia/microbiology , Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation , Mycoses/blood , Acremonium/drug effects , Acremonium/pathogenicity , Adult , Antifungal Agents/pharmacology , Drug Resistance, Multiple, Fungal , Female , Fungemia/drug therapy , Hodgkin Disease/pathology , Hodgkin Disease/therapy , Humans , Immunocompromised Host , Leukemia, Myeloid/pathology , Leukemia, Myeloid/therapy , Male , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Mycoses/drug therapy , Mycoses/microbiology , Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/pathology , Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/therapy , Transplantation, Homologous , Young AdultABSTRACT
Candida hellenica var. hellenica (teleomorph Zygoascus meyerae) is a member of the genus Zygoascus that comprises species isolated from environmental sources such as damaged grapes. A case of a possible pneumonia due to this uncommon yeast in a pediatric oncology patient suffering from acute myeloid leukemia is described. To our knowledge, this is the first report concerning the isolation of the species from a pediatric patient and the second in humans.
Subject(s)
Candida/isolation & purification , Candidiasis/diagnosis , Candidiasis/microbiology , Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/complications , Lung Diseases, Fungal/diagnosis , Lung Diseases, Fungal/microbiology , Candida/classification , Child, Preschool , DNA, Fungal/chemistry , DNA, Fungal/genetics , DNA, Ribosomal/chemistry , DNA, Ribosomal/genetics , DNA, Ribosomal Spacer/chemistry , DNA, Ribosomal Spacer/genetics , Female , Humans , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Molecular Sequence Data , Mycological Typing Techniques , Phylogeny , Sequence Analysis, DNAABSTRACT
To gain information about the genetic variation of the protease and reverse transcriptase gene-coding regions in HIV-1 strains belonging to CRF04_cpx, genotyping and drug susceptibility testing were performed on serum samples derived from seven patients carrying sequences belonging to this circulating recombinant form. Substitutions classically associated with resistance to antiretroviral drugs were observed in six of seven samples, including G48V, V82A, L90M, M46I in the protease protein, and K70R, D69D/N, M184V, T215F, K103N in the reverse transcriptase protein. Genotypic resistance patterns of CRF04_cpx samples were found to be similar to those identified in subtype B viruses, suggesting that the drug-selective pressure has similar effects on both subtype B and CRF04_cpx.