ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Vinorelbine (VRL) has been investigated in dogs, but its use in cats has not been studied. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES: To determine the maximal tolerated dose (MTD) and dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) of VRL in tumor-bearing cats. ANIMALS: Cats were included in this prospective phase I trial if they had confirmed malignancy, received ≥1 VRL treatment, and had adequate follow-up. Previous treatment was acceptable, but concurrent chemotherapy or radiotherapy was not permitted. METHODS: Using a modified phase I design, cats were enrolled in cohorts of 3 at a starting dosage of 9 mg/m(2) . Cats tolerating the first treatment well were eligible to receive additional VRL treatments at escalating dosages; escalations beyond the perceived MTD were permitted based on individual tolerance. Intended treatment interval was 7 days. Patient histories, physical examinations, and complete blood counts were performed weekly. RESULTS: Nineteen cats were included. Sixty-one VRL treatments were administered. Median number of treatments was 2 (range, 1-9). Starting dosages were 9-12 mg/m(2) . Maximal dosage administered was 15.5 mg/m(2) . The MTD was 11.5 mg/m(2) . Acute DLTs were neutropenia, vomiting, and nephrotoxicity. Other notable toxicities were weight loss and anemia. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Vinorelbine is tolerated in cats at a weekly interval. Recommended starting dosage is 11.5 mg/m(2) . Neutropenia was transient, lasting <7 days; vomiting was self-limiting in most cases. Although VRL-associated nephrotoxicity has not been reported, potential attribution of this toxicity to VRL must not be discounted. Further investigation of the efficacy of VRL in feline malignancies is warranted.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Carcinoma/veterinary , Cat Diseases/drug therapy , Mastocytoma/veterinary , Sarcoma/veterinary , Vinblastine/analogs & derivatives , Animals , Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage , Carcinoma/drug therapy , Cats , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Female , Male , Mastocytoma/drug therapy , Sarcoma/drug therapy , Vinblastine/administration & dosage , Vinblastine/therapeutic use , VinorelbineABSTRACT
Expression of histamine, serotonin, and KIT was evaluated in 61 archived feline mast cell tumors (MCTs) from the skin (n = 29), spleen (n = 17), and gastrointestinal (GI) tract (n = 15) using immunohistochemistry. Twenty-eight percent of cutaneous MCTs, 18% of splenic MCTs, and 53% of GI MCTs displayed histamine immunoreactivity. Serotonin immunoreactivity was detected in 3 GI and 1 cutaneous MCT. Sixty-nine percent of cutaneous MCTs, 35% of splenic MCTs, and 33% of GI MCTs were positive for KIT. Expression of these biogenic amines and KIT was less common than expected. Results of this study suggest heterogeneity in feline MCTs based on anatomic location. Further studies are needed to explain the significance of these differences.
Subject(s)
Cat Diseases/pathology , Histamine/metabolism , Mast-Cell Sarcoma/veterinary , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit/metabolism , Serotonin/metabolism , Skin Neoplasms/veterinary , Animals , Cat Diseases/metabolism , Cats , Gastrointestinal Tract/metabolism , Gastrointestinal Tract/pathology , Immunohistochemistry/veterinary , Mast Cells/metabolism , Mast Cells/pathology , Mast-Cell Sarcoma/metabolism , Mast-Cell Sarcoma/pathology , Mastocytosis/metabolism , Mastocytosis/pathology , Mastocytosis/veterinary , Prognosis , Skin/metabolism , Skin/pathology , Skin Neoplasms/metabolism , Skin Neoplasms/pathology , Spleen/metabolism , Spleen/pathologyABSTRACT
Stem cells, cancer cells and immune cells were labeled by co-incubation with a new ultra-small iron oxide nanoparticle called Molday ION Rhodamine-B (MIRB). Iron staining, fluorescence imaging, transmission electron microscopy and flow cytometry were used to assess cell viability, function and labeling efficiency. This study has shown that MIRB can be used to label both adherent and nonadherent cell lines, with high viability and loading levels sufficient for their detection in vivo by MRI at 3 T.