Revision of Cerinomyces (Dacrymycetes, Basidiomycota) with notes on morphologically and historically related taxa.

Cerinomyces (Dacrymycetes, Basidiomycota) is a genus traditionally defined by corticioid basidiocarps, in contrast to the rest of the class, which is characterized by gelatinous ones. In the traditional circumscription the genus is polyphyletic, and the monotypic family Cerinomycetaceae is paraphyletic. Aiming for a more concise delimitation, we revise Cerinomyces s.l. with a novel phylogeny based on sequences of nrDNA (SSU, ITS, LSU) and protein-coding genes (RPB1, RPB2, TEF1-α). We establish that monophyletic Cerinomyces s.s. is best characterized not by the corticioid morphology, but by a combination of traits: hyphal clamps, predominantly aseptate thin-walled basidiospores, and low content of carotenoid pigments. In our updated definition, Cerinomyces s.s. encompasses five well-supported phylogenetic clades divided into two morphological groups: (i-iii) taxa with arid corticioid basidiocarps, including the generic type C. pallidus; and (iv-v) newly introduced members with gelatinous basidiocarps, like Dacrymyces enatus and D. tortus. The remaining corticioid species of Cerinomyces s.l. are morphologically distinct and belong to the Dacrymycetaceae: our analysis places the carotenoid-rich Cerinomyces canadensis close to Femsjonia, and we transfer the clamps-lacking C. grandinioides group to Dacrymyces. In addition, we address genera related to Cerinomyces s.l. historically and morphologically, such as Ceracea, Dacryonaema and Unilacryma. Overall, we describe twenty-four new species and propose nine new combinations in both Cerinomycetaceae and Dacrymycetaceae.

Fungal Planet description sheets: 951-1041.

Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Antarctica, Apenidiella antarctica from permafrost, Cladosporium fildesense from an unidentified marine sponge. Argentina, Geastrum wrightii on humus in mixed forest. Australia, Golovinomyces glandulariae on Glandularia aristigera, Neoanungitea eucalyptorum on leaves of Eucalyptus grandis, Teratosphaeria corymbiicola on leaves of Corymbia ficifolia, Xylaria eucalypti on leaves of Eucalyptus radiata. Brazil, Bovista psammophila on soil, Fusarium awaxy on rotten stalks of Zea mays, Geastrum lanuginosum on leaf litter covered soil, Hermetothecium mikaniae-micranthae (incl. Hermetothecium gen. nov.) on Mikania micrantha, Penicillium reconvexovelosoi in soil, Stagonosporopsis vannaccii from pod of Glycine max. British Virgin Isles, Lactifluus guanensis on soil. Canada, Sorocybe oblongispora on resin of Picea rubens. Chile, Colletotrichum roseum on leaves of Lapageria rosea. China, Setophoma caverna from carbonatite in Karst cave. Colombia, Lareunionomyces eucalypticola on leaves of Eucalyptus grandis. Costa Rica, Psathyrella pivae on wood. Cyprus, Clavulina iris on calcareous substrate. France, Chromosera ambigua and Clavulina iris var. occidentalis on soil. French West Indies, Helminthosphaeria hispidissima on dead wood. Guatemala, Talaromyces guatemalensis in soil. Malaysia, Neotracylla pini (incl. Tracyllales ord. nov. and Neotracylla gen. nov.) and Vermiculariopsiella pini on needles of Pinus tecunumanii. New Zealand, Neoconiothyrium viticola on stems of Vitis vinifera, Parafenestella pittospori on Pittosporum tenuifolium, Pilidium novae-zelandiae on Phoenix sp. Pakistan, Russula quercus-floribundae on forest floor. Portugal, Trichoderma aestuarinum from saline water. Russia, Pluteus liliputianus on fallen branch of deciduous tree, Pluteus spurius on decaying deciduous wood or soil. South Africa, Alloconiothyrium encephalarti, Phyllosticta encephalarticola and Neothyrostroma encephalarti (incl. Neothyrostroma gen. nov.) on leaves of Encephalartos sp., Chalara eucalypticola on leaf spots of Eucalyptus grandis × urophylla, Clypeosphaeria oleae on leaves of Olea capensis, Cylindrocladiella postalofficium on leaf litter of Sideroxylon inerme, Cylindromonium eugeniicola (incl. Cylindromonium gen. nov.) on leaf litter of Eugenia capensis, Cyphellophora goniomatis on leaves of Gonioma kamassi, Nothodactylaria nephrolepidis (incl. Nothodactylaria gen. nov. and Nothodactylariaceae fam. nov.) on leaves of Nephrolepis exaltata, Falcocladium eucalypti and Gyrothrix eucalypti on leaves of Eucalyptus sp., Gyrothrix oleae on leaves of Olea capensis subsp. macrocarpa, Harzia metrosideri on leaf litter of Metrosideros sp., Hippopotamyces phragmitis (incl. Hippopotamyces gen. nov.) on leaves of Phragmites australis, Lectera philenopterae on Philenoptera violacea, Leptosillia mayteni on leaves of Maytenus heterophylla, Lithohypha aloicola and Neoplatysporoides aloes on leaves of Aloe sp., Millesimomyces rhoicissi (incl. Millesimomyces gen. nov.) on leaves of Rhoicissus digitata, Neodevriesia strelitziicola on leaf litter of Strelitzia nicolai, Neokirramyces syzygii (incl. Neokirramyces gen. nov.) on leaf spots of Syzygium sp., Nothoramichloridium perseae (incl. Nothoramichloridium gen. nov. and Anungitiomycetaceae fam. nov.) on leaves of Persea americana, Paramycosphaerella watsoniae on leaf spots of Watsonia sp., Penicillium cuddlyae from dog food, Podocarpomyces knysnanus (incl. Podocarpomyces gen. nov.) on leaves of Podocarpus falcatus, Pseudocercospora heteropyxidicola on leaf spots of Heteropyxis natalensis, Pseudopenidiella podocarpi, Scolecobasidium podocarpi and Ceramothyrium podocarpicola on leaves of Podocarpus latifolius, Scolecobasidium blechni on leaves of Blechnum capense, Stomiopeltis syzygii on leaves of Syzygium chordatum, Strelitziomyces knysnanus (incl. Strelitziomyces gen. nov.) on leaves of Strelitzia alba, Talaromyces clemensii from rotting wood in goldmine, Verrucocladosporium visseri on Carpobrotus edulis. Spain, Boletopsis mediterraneensis on soil, Calycina cortegadensisi on a living twig of Castanea sativa, Emmonsiellopsis tuberculata in fluvial sediments, Mollisia cortegadensis on dead attached twig of Quercus robur, Psathyrella ovispora on soil, Pseudobeltrania lauri on leaf litter of Laurus azorica, Terfezia dunensis in soil, Tuber lucentum in soil, Venturia submersa on submerged plant debris. Thailand, Cordyceps jakajanicola on cicada nymph, Cordyceps kuiburiensis on spider, Distoseptispora caricis on leaves of Carex sp., Ophiocordyceps khonkaenensis on cicada nymph. USA, Cytosporella juncicola and Davidiellomyces juncicola on culms of Juncus effusus, Monochaetia massachusettsianum from air sample, Neohelicomyces melaleucae and Periconia neobrittanica on leaves of Melaleuca styphelioides × lanceolata, Pseudocamarosporium eucalypti on leaves of Eucalyptus sp., Pseudogymnoascus lindneri from sediment in a mine, Pseudogymnoascus turneri from sediment in a railroad tunnel, Pulchroboletus sclerotiorum on soil, Zygosporium pseudomasonii on leaf of Serenoa repens. Vietnam, Boletus candidissimus and Veloporphyrellus vulpinus on soil. Morphological and culture characteristics are supported by DNA barcodes.

[The using the modern technologies simulators for the strengthening of the back muscles in the schoolchildren suffering from first degree scoliosis]. / Primenenie sovremennykh tekhnologii dlia ukrepleniia myshts spiny u shkol'nikov so skoliozom I stepeni.

BACKGROUND: Strengthening the health of the young people and adolescents is a priority task for the health care system. The posture, as a habitual position of the body of a person standing at ease, is formed in the course of the child's physical development including the development of the static-dynamic functions. The problems of rehabilitation of the school-age children arising from the necessity to correct impaired posture, including scoliosis, are associated with their life activity and the socio-economic status. The majority of the school-age children spending a lot of time watching TV and playing computer games instead of going in for sports, keep a sedentary lifestyle, do not eat rationally, and experience a deficit of vitamins. These factors contribute to the formation of a weak muscular corset and, as a consequence, lead to the development of an impaired posture. In terms of physical nature, vibration is a mechanical oscillatory motion that repeats itself at certain intervals. The vibrational process of a vibrational impact may exert an appreciable biological effect on the human body; therefore, vibration is extensively used to correct the initial manifestations of the disturbances in the development of posture and strengthen the back muscles. AIM: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of the vibrational effect produced by the simulator on the state of the back muscles in the 12-13 years old children presenting with the early signs of scoliosis. METHODS: A total of 40 girls at the age of 12-13 years suffering from 1st degree left-sided thoracic spine scoliosis and referred for the rehabilitative treatment were enrolled in the study. The diagnosis of scoliosis was established during a medical examination. The angle of curvature determined as described by V.D. Chaklin was 5-10°. The control group was comprised of 20 schoolgirls engaged in a special rehabilitation program within the framework of the therapeutic physical training (TPT) for 45 minutes three times a week. The main study group consisted of the schoolgirls who performed exercises on the simulator in addition to the special TPT rehabilitation program. When on the vibrating platform in the starting position on all fours, the girls performed the following exercises: (a) exercises with the extension and flexion of the back ('kitty'); (b) the 'boat' exercise made on a special cushion with the retraction of the abdomen, and (c) exercises on a balance with the lifting of the left arm and right leg (or vice versa). The duration of the course was 36 rehabilitation classes. Each lesson lasted 30 minutes. RESULTS: The above rehabilitative treatment made it possible to achieve a significant strengthening of the back muscles with increasing their endurance, the improved mobility of the joints of the upper extremities and of the spine joints in the girls of the main group in comparison with those comprising the control group. CONCLUSION: The additional and special corrective exercises with the use of the vibration platform performed by the girls with first degree scoliosis greatly contributed to the enhancement of the muscle strength, increased mobility of the spine and the joints of the upper extremities. This allows to conclude that the use of the vibration effect produced by physical exercises on the power plate simulator may provide an efficient tool for the correction of the initial signs of scoliosis and the strengthening of the spine muscles.

A preliminary overview of the corticioid Atractiellomycetes (Pucciniomycotina, Basidiomycetes).

The taxonomy of the corticioid fungi from the class Atractiellomycetes (Pucciniomycotina, Basidiomycetes) currently addressed to the genus Helicogloea, is revised based on morphological and nuclear ribosomal DNA (ITS and LSU) data. The genus is restricted to 25 species with semitranslucent, gelatinous basidiocarps lacking differentiated cystidia and clamps on hyphae, of which 11 are described as new to science. The asexual genus Leucogloea is placed as a synonym of Helicogloea s. str. Since the type species of Saccoblastia, S. ovispora, is combined to Helicogloea, a new genus, Saccosoma, is introduced to encompass Saccoblastia farinacea and six related species, one of which is described as new. In contrast to Helicogloea in the strict sense, the basidiocarps of Saccosoma are arid, not gelatinized, and hyphae are clamped. The third lineage of the corticioid Atractiellomycetes is represented by the Bourdotigloea vestita complex. Species of Bourdotigloea are devoid of clamps but often possess well-differentiated cystidia, as well as long, cylindrical-fusiform basidiospores. Bourdotigloea encompasses nine species, of which six are described here as new.

Fungal Planet description sheets: 281-319.

Novel species of fungi described in the present study include the following from South Africa: Alanphillipsia aloeicola from Aloe sp., Arxiella dolichandrae from Dolichandra unguiscati, Ganoderma austroafricanum from Jacaranda mimosifolia, Phacidiella podocarpi and Phaeosphaeria podocarpi from Podocarpus latifolius, Phyllosticta mimusopisicola from Mimusops zeyheri and Sphaerulina pelargonii from Pelargonium sp. Furthermore, Barssia maroccana is described from Cedrus atlantica (Morocco), Codinaea pini from Pinus patula (Uganda), Crucellisporiopsis marquesiae from Marquesia acuminata (Zambia), Dinemasporium ipomoeae from Ipomoea pes-caprae (Vietnam), Diaporthe phragmitis from Phragmites australis (China), Marasmius vladimirii from leaf litter (India), Melanconium hedericola from Hedera helix (Spain), Pluteus albotomentosus and Pluteus extremiorientalis from a mixed forest (Russia), Rachicladosporium eucalypti from Eucalyptus globulus (Ethiopia), Sistotrema epiphyllum from dead leaves of Fagus sylvatica in a forest (The Netherlands), Stagonospora chrysopyla from Scirpus microcarpus (USA) and Trichomerium dioscoreae from Dioscorea sp. (Japan). Novel species from Australia include: Corynespora endiandrae from Endiandra introrsa, Gonatophragmium triuniae from Triunia youngiana, Penicillium coccotrypicola from Archontophoenix cunninghamiana and Phytophthora moyootj from soil. Novelties from Iran include Neocamarosporium chichastianum from soil and Seimatosporium pistaciae from Pistacia vera. Xenosonderhenia eucalypti and Zasmidium eucalyptigenum are newly described from Eucalyptus urophylla in Indonesia. Diaporthe acaciarum and Roussoella acacia are newly described from Acacia tortilis in Tanzania. New species from Italy include Comoclathris spartii from Spartium junceum and Phoma tamaricicola from Tamarix gallica. Novel genera include (Ascomycetes): Acremoniopsis from forest soil and Collarina from water sediments (Spain), Phellinocrescentia from a Phellinus sp. (French Guiana), Neobambusicola from Strelitzia nicolai (South Africa), Neocladophialophora from Quercus robur (Germany), Neophysalospora from Corymbia henryi (Mozambique) and Xenophaeosphaeria from Grewia sp. (Tanzania). Morphological and culture characteristics along with ITS DNA barcodes are provided for all taxa.

[The efficacy of bacteriophage preparations in treating inflammatory urologic diseases]. / Effektivnost' preparatov bakteriofagov pri lechenii vospalitel'nykh urologicheskikh zabolevanii.

Urinary infection is the most commonly encountered hospital infection. Antibacterial therapy promotes selection and dissemination of polyresistant microorganism strains, development of intestinal dysbacteriosis, reduction of intestinal contamination resistance. Clinical and bacteriological efficacy of urinary infection treatment with bacteriophage preparations (pyocyanic, proteus, staphylococcal, coliphage, combined pyobacteriophage) was studied. Sensitivity of the infective agent phage isolated from urological patients was tested before treatment. The preparations were adapted to recently isolated agents from urological patients to raise phage sensitivity of the strains. A total of 293 strains were studied. Phage sensitivity made up 68.9%. Bacteriophage preparations were used both locally and orally in 46 patients with acute and chronic urogenital inflammation. Bacteriological efficacy amounted to 84%, clinical one to 92%. It is inferred that phagotherapy is effective and safe therapeutic modality in the treatment of urinary infection in monotherapy and in combination with antibiotics.

[Changes in the hypophyseal-thyroid system under narcotic action in the parturients of a group at high risk of perinatal pathology]. / Izmenenie gipofizarno-tireoidnoi sistemy v usloviiakh narkoticheskogo deistviia u rozhenits gruppy vysokogo riska perinatal'noi patologii.

Eighty-seven parturients were examined to disclose the function of the thyroid during narcotic exposure in labor and in cesarean section in cases of high risk of giving birth to infants with perinatal abnormalities. Neurotropic agents were found to inhibit the fetal hypophyseo-thyroid system in cases with a history of intrauterine hypoxia, thus saving this system from exhaustion. Employment of various types of general anesthesia in cesarean section in this patient population provides an adequate maternal neurovegetative protection from surgical aggression.

[Contents of prostaglandins E2 and F2alpha and cAMP in the endometrium of women with habitual abortion during late pregnancy terms]. / Soderzhanie prostaglandinov E2 i F2 alfa i tsAMF v éndometrii zhenshchin, stradaiushchikh privychnym nevynashivaniem beremenosti pozdnikh srokov.

Measurements of prostaglandins E2 and F2 alpha in the endometrium of 35 women of a reproductive age, suffering from habitual abortions in late pregnancy terms, have shown elevation of these prostaglandin levels in the secretory phase as against the reference group and their normal values during the proliferative phase. It is possible, that disordered prostaglandin synthesis in the endometrium, manifesting in pregnancy, is one of the causes of habitual abortions. cAMP levels were somewhat decreased in the secretory phase in this patient population; this permits a hypothesis on disorders in the adenylate cyclase system.

[Endometrial steroid receptor levels in habitual abortion in advanced pregnancy]. / Soderzhanie steroidnykh retseptorov v éndometrii pri privychnom nevynashivanii beremennosti pozdnikh srokov.

Estrogen and progesterone reception was examined in the endometrial cytoplasmic and nuclear fraction from apparently healthy subjects and patients with habitual late incompetent pregnancy in the early proliferative and late secretory periods of a menstrual cycle. The reception of the two reproductive hormones in the nuclei and the binding of estrogens in the endometrial cytosol were demonstrated to be significantly higher in the female patients than in healthy subjects. The cytosol estrogen to progesterone reception ratio was increased in the patients in the secretory phase of a menstrual cycle than in normal females. There was a complete normalization of endometrial reproductive hormone receptor levels in the patients undergoing hyperbaric oxygenation.

[State of the sex hormone receptor in the endometrium of women with late habitual abortion]. / Sostoianie retseptornogo apparata polovykh gormonov v éndometrii zhenshchin pri privychnom nevynashivanii beremennosti pozdnikh srokov.

A study was made of estrogen and progesterone reception of the endometrial cytoplasmatic and nuclear fractions of healthy women and women suffering from late habitual abortion in the early proliferative and late secretory phases of the menstrual cycle. Reception of both sex hormones in the nuclei and estrogen binding in the endometrial cytosol of women with late habitual abortion was significantly higher than that in healthy women. The estrogen receptors/progesterone receptors ratio in the cytosol in the pathological endometrium at the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle was higher than in the normal one. Hyperbaric therapy given to such patients resulted in complete normalization of endometrial sex hormones reception.

[The postpartum period following preterm labor]. / Poslerodovyi period posle prezhdevremennykh rodov.

The course of the puerperium following the preterm labour is considered. The hormonal and lactation characteristics are analysed, and their characteristics are compared with those obtained following the term labour.

[Analysis of plasma levels of dehydroepiandrosterone and 17-hydroxyprogesterone in physiologic and pathologic pregnancy and labor]. / Dinamicheskoe opredelenie kontsentratsii degidroépiandrosterona i 17-oksiprogesterona v plazme krovi pri fiziologicheskom i patologicheskom techenii beremennosti i rodov.

Plasma levels of dehydroepiandrosterone (DEA) and 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-HP) were studied in 43 pregnant females 11 with normal pregnancy and labor and 32 at high risk of obstetric complications (primary powerless labor, prematurity, postmaturity, rapid parturition). Hormonal investigation was performed in each particular female in the time-course of her pregnancy and labor as well as in the mixed blood plasma from the umbilical cord. Concentrations of hormones observed in the females with normal pregnancies and labors differed from those in the patients whose pregnancy was complicated as well as their labor. It has been concluded that the results of DEA and 17-HP variation assessment in the blood plasma are essential additional indicators of adrenal performance both in mother and fetus.

[Cortisol contents in maternal and umbilical artery blood during delivery of low birth weight fetuses]. / Soderzhanie kortizola v materinskoi i pupovinnoi krovi pri rodorazreshenii zhenshchin s malovesnymi plodami.

Cortisol was measured in 50 parturients with low birthweight (LBW) fetuses in the course of vaginal delivery (n-18) and cesarean section (n-32). Twenty normal parturients whose pregnancy and labor were uncomplicated were taken as controls. In the main group, low birthweights corresponded to gestational age in 30 parturients, and fetal growth retardation (FGR) was diagnosed in 20. In the course of vaginal delivery, maternal cortisol level increased significantly, the rise being higher in parturients with the FGR syndrome. In both groups, blood cortisol levels were higher in the umbilical artery as compared to umbilical vein; in FGR cases, umbilical-artery cortisol level approached the respective values in control newborns. Following cesarean section, LBW fetuses showed considerably lower umbilical cortisol levels. Separate examination of cortisol fractions has demonstrated that free cortisol goes up in the maternal blood both at vaginal and abdominal delivery. The effect of corticosteroids, used to prevent respiratory distress syndrome, on maternal adrenal activity and LBW fetuses has been evaluated.

[Electrophysiologic analysis of the nociceptive system of the thalamus in the ontogenesis of the rabbit]. / Elektrofiziologicheskii analiz notsitseptivnoi sistemy talamusa v ontogeneze krolika.

In acute experiments in rabbits, characteristics of the parafascicular complex EPs in response to peripheral nociceptive stimulation revealed that the waveform of the EP changes during the ontogenesis: from a marked variability in newborn rabbits to a stable biphasic positive-negative potential in adult rabbits. During the postnatal period the magnitudes of the latency and duration of phases of the EPs decrease. "Critical periods" in the formation of the parafascicular complex have been discovered. The 1st period (7-8 days of age) is characterized by the largest amplitude and the shortest duration; the 2nd period (18-40-50 days) involves a stable form of the basic negative long phase. It has been established that, during the ontogenesis, the threshold of the nociceptive response rose.