Geographic intelligence to investigate community participation: a scoping review.

PURPOSE: To understand the applicability and unique contributions of global positioning system (GPS) and geographic information system (GIS) technologies to investigate individuals' participation in the community. METHODS: A scoping review was conducted to summarize studies that employed GPS and/or GIS to assess community participation. Systematic literature searches were performed using nine electronic databases, up to April 2022. Two independent reviewers screened studies for eligibility and extracted data from the selected studies. RESULTS: The searches retrieved 628 articles, of which 36 met the inclusion criteria. In 31 studies, a GPS unit or GPS-enabled device monitored the community mobility of individuals with different health conditions. Tracking periods varied from five hours to 30 consecutive days. The spatiotemporal parameters obtained from satellite-based data provided information about individuals' presence in the community. Most studies combined GPS with other measuring tools (self-report diaries/questionnaires, qualitative interviews) to capture a broader description of community participation. CONCLUSIONS: GPS and GIS are viable approaches for advancing research as they provide unique information about community participation not easily captured by other methods. The combination of available methods comprehensively address the physical and social dimensions of this construct.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONGlobal positioning system (GPS) and geographic information system (GIS) technology allows direct and real-time quantification of patterns of individuals' community mobility.The geographic area where individuals participate in daily living activities complements information from self-report diaries/questionnaires.Combining GPS technology with self-report diaries/questionnaires allows a broader description of individuals' community participation, addressing respectively both its physical and social dimensions.Knowledge of individuals' access to and involvement in community locations/situations may help therapists design interventions to improve community participation.

Parental priorities in the home care of preterm and full term newborns.

BACKGROUND: The initial weeks after hospital discharge is a period of adaptation when parents assume great responsibility for the care of their child. Preterm birth may impact their demands of care. AIMS: To compare parental priorities in the care of preterm and full-term newborns in the first two months after hospital discharge and to identify changes in priorities over time. METHODS: Parents of 22 full-term and 19 preterm infants were followed for two months after hospital discharge, with three timepoint evaluations of the parental priorities. They reported on infant care demands in a semi-structured interview. RESULTS: Despite prematurity, demands were similar between groups. Within-group changes occurred over time. Priorities related to bathing and caring for the navel showed significant reduction (p < 0.01); demands related to children's health care increased in the groups (p < 0.01). Feeding and sleep priorities were reduced in the full-term group (p < 0.02). Children's adaptation to routine increased significantly in the preterm group (p = 0.04). CONCLUSION: Knowledge of parents' priorities in caring for preterm or full-term newborns at home helps health care teams develop appropriate support strategies and improve specialized assistance to the families.

Lower limb inter-joint coordination patterns are associated with walking experience in toddlers according to limb and stance periods.

Walking experience is crucial for inter-joint coordination during gait acquisition. Toddlers show asymmetrical lower limb function during early locomotion for transferring body weight (regulatory limb) and steering the direction of walking (impulse limb). This study aimed to investigate the association between coordination patterns and walking experience, and between coordination variability and walking experience according to healthy toddlers' lower limb function and stance periods. Typically developing toddlers (n = 22; 17.27 ± 3.13 months) were distributed into two groups: up to (LWE) and greater than (GWE) three months of walking experience. The lower limbs were classified as regulatory or impulse limb and analyzed during the onset (SO), mid (MS), and late (LS) stance intervals. Hip-ankle, knee-ankle, and hip-knee coupling angle (CA) and its variability (CAV) were assessed. A relationship was found between inter-joint coordination pattern and groups, which was distinct according to stance period and lower limb function: (a) hip-ankle CA: at SO for both limbs, MS for the regulatory limb, and LS for the impulse limb; (b) knee-ankle CA: at SO for both limbs and MS for the regulatory limb; (c) hip-knee CA: at SO for both limbs, at MS for the regulatory limb, and LS for the impulse limb. These findings were linked to differences observed in distal joints between groups, mainly at the ankle during stance onset. The CAV was negatively associated with walking experience only in the regulatory limb in the following variables: hip-ankle at MS, knee-ankle at SO, and hip-knee at LS. Findings showed different functional roles of the lower limbs in dealing with the demands of balance and propulsion during early walking.

Telerehabilitation program for older adults on a waiting list for physical therapy after hospital discharge: study protocol for a pragmatic randomized trial protocol.

BACKGROUND: Delays in starting physical therapy after hospital discharge worsen deconditioning in older adults. Intervening quickly can minimize the negative effects of deconditioning. Telerehabilitation is a strategy that increases access to rehabilitation, improves clinical outcomes, and reduces costs. This paper presents the protocol for a pragmatic clinical trial that aims to determine the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a multi-component intervention offered by telerehabilitation for discharged older adults awaiting physical therapy for any specific medical condition. METHODS: This is a pragmatic randomized controlled clinical trial with two groups: telerehabilitation and control. Participants (n=230) will be recruited among individuals discharged from hospitals who are in the public healthcare system physical therapy waiting lists. The telerehabilitation group will receive a smartphone app with a personalized program (based on individual's functional ability) of resistance, balance, and daily activity training exercises. The intervention will be implemented at the individuals' homes. This group will be monitored weekly by phone and monthly through a face-to-face meeting until they start physical therapy. The control group will adhere to the public healthcare system's usual flow and will be monitored weekly by telephone until they start physical therapy. The primary outcome will be a physical function (Timed Up and Go and 30-s Chair Stand Test). The measurements will take place in baseline, start, and discharge of outpatient physical therapy. The economic evaluations will be performed from the perspective of society and the Brazilian public healthcare system. DISCUSSION: The study will produce evidence on the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of multi-component telerehabilitation intervention for discharged older adult patients awaiting physical therapy, providing input that can aid the implementation of similar proposals in other patient groups. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (ReBEC), RBR-9243v7 . Registered on 24 August 2020.

Cross-country validity of the Alberta Infant Motor Scale using a Brazilian sample.

BACKGROUND: Previous validity studies of the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS), using raw scores and percentile curves for group comparisons, showed that infants in Brazil achieved gross motor milestones at later ages. Validity of the AIMS norms were later reassessed using a logistic regression model that placed the AIMS items on an age scale. OBJECTIVES: Our study examined the validity of the AIMS norms for Brazilian infants using the recommended method for calculating and comparing item locations. METHODS: Data from 732 Brazilian infants (2009-11), 3 days to 18 months old, were compared to the AIMS normative sample (n=2202). Logistic regression placed the AIMS items of both samples on age scales representing the age at which 50% of infants passed an item and compared the two datasets. Pearson correlation coefficient tested the association across samples. RESULTS: 47 of the 58 AIMS items met the criterion for stable regression to calculate item locations of the Brazilian dataset. Based on the age when 50% of the infants passed a criterion, most of the items from the Brazilian sample (n=28) differed by two weeks or less compared to the Canadian normative sample. CONCLUSION: The sequence and age for the emergence of AIMS items were similar between the Brazilian and Canadian samples. Canadian norms are appropriate for clinical decisions and research with Brazilian infants.

Effectiveness of exercises by telerehabilitation on pain, physical function and quality of life in people with physical disabilities: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials with GRADE recommendations.

OBJECTIVE: Investigate whether exercise-based telerehabilitation improves pain, physical function and quality of life in adults with physical disabilities. DESIGN: Systematic review of randomised controlled trials. DATA SOURCES: Searches were performed in AMED, MEDLINE, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, Embase, PEDro, Cochrane Library and PsycINFO. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: Trials were considered if they evaluated exercise by telerehabilitation. The population included adults with physical disability. Comparisons were control and other interventions. The outcomes were pain, physical function and quality of life. Study selection, data extraction and analysis followed the protocol registered in PROSPERO (CRD42019122824). GRADE determined the strength of evidence. RESULTS: Forty-eight trials were included in the quantitative analysis. When compared with other interventions, there was high-quality evidence that telerehabilitation was not different to other interventions for pain (95% CI: -0.4 to 0.1), physical function (95% CI: -0.2 to 0.2) and quality of life (95% CI: -0.1 to 0.5) at long-term. There was moderate-quality evidence that telerehabilitation was not different to other interventions for physical function (95% CI: -0.1 to 0.5) and quality of life (95% CI: -0.2 to 0.5) at short-term. However, due to the low-quality evidence and the small number of trials comparing exercise protocols offered by telerehabilitation with control groups, it is still not possible to state the efficacy of telerehabilitation on pain, function and quality of life at short-term and long-term. CONCLUSIONS: Exercise by telerehabilitation may be an alternative to treat pain, physical function and quality of life in adults with physical disabilities when compared with other intervention.

Determinants of Time to Care for Children and Adolescents With Disabilities.

Time use studies uncover the organization of daily routine of families of children with disabilities. The objective of this study is to identify determinants of time spent caring for children/adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and typical development (TD). Participants were caregivers of children/adolescents with/without disability. Structural equation modeling tested a proposed model of time spent in child care. The variables in the model were as follows: questionnaire (families' socioeconomic status [SES]), children's functioning (The Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory-Computer Adaptive Test [PEDI-CAT]); hours of care (daily diaries), number of adaptations used, and help with child care (parents' report). Distinct variable combinations explained 78% of the variation in the time to care (TD model), followed by 42% (ASD) and 29% (CP). Adaptations indirectly affected time to care through its effect on functioning (CP); family's SES affected functioning through its effect on adaptation use (ASD). In conclusion, knowledge of factors affecting caregivers' time spent on children's care help occupational therapists implement family-centered strategies.

Functioning of young patients with cerebral palsy: Rasch analysis of the pediatric evaluation of disability inventory computer adaptive test daily activity and mobility.

BACKGROUND: People with cerebral palsy experience limitations in performing activities of daily living. Rehabilitation practitioners seek valid instruments to measure changes in the performance of those activities. The Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory Computer Adaptive Test (PEDI-CAT) is a new tool to assess functioning in children and youth with various health conditions. Its validity needs to be evaluated in a way that is consistent with the theoretical model on which it was based. We aimed to evaluate the fit of daily activity and mobility items and children with CP to the Rasch model and to compare the performance in daily activities and mobility of older children, adolescents, and young adults with CP based on manual function and gross motor function limitations. METHODS: Eighty-three parents of children and youth of 8-20 years old (mean age: 11.6) with different severity levels of cerebral palsy participated in this study. Ninety-one items of the PEDI-CAT Daily Activities and Mobility domains were analyzed through Rasch analysis to evaluate relative item difficulty and participant ability. Participants were described according to the Manual Ability (MACS) (level I: 21.7%; II: 32.5%; III: 24.1%; IV: 7.2% and V: 3.6%) and the Gross Motor Function (GMFCS) (level I: 37.3%; II: 26.5%; III: 6%; IV: 18.1%; and V: 7.2%) classification systems levels. RESULTS: Our data fit the Rasch Model. Parents had difficulty distinguishing some PEDI-CAT response categories. Participants from MACS and GMFCS levels IV and V showed lower ability to perform relatively more difficult items. There was a floor effect in both domains. Only 7.7% of the items presented differential item functioning when individuals with mild MACS and GMFCS levels (I, II) and moderate level (III) and individuals with moderate (III) and severe levels (IV, V) were compared. CONCLUSIONS: PEDI-CAT daily activities and mobility domains are valid to evaluate children, adolescents and youth with CP of different severities, but the addition of items to these domains is recommended in order to address their floor effect.

Children with congenital Zika syndrome: symptoms, comorbidities and gross motor development at 24 months of age.

BACKGROUND: Children with congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) maintain severe motor impairments at the end of the first year of life. Presence of certain symptoms and comorbidities increase these children's vulnerability. AIMS: To evaluate gross motor function of a group of Brazilian children with CZS at 24 months of age and to investigate the association between the presence of CZS symptoms and comorbidities with gross motor development. METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Fifty children with CZS participated in the study. Information was collected from medical charts, and gross motor development was evaluated by the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM)-88. GMFM-88 scores were compared among comorbid groups. Three subgroups of children were identified by cluster analysis, based on information from head circumference at birth, symptoms, comorbidities and gross motor function. OUTCOMES AND RESULTS: Significant associations (p < 0.001) were observed between number of comorbidities/symptoms and dimensions A (r = -0.57) and B (r = -0.58) of the GMFM-88. Children were grouped into 3 clusters, with different gross motor skills. Children with epilepsy and dysphagia composed the cluster with smaller median scores for dimensions A and B of the GMFM-88. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: The presence of CZS symptoms and comorbidities compromise the gross motor repertoire of children with CZS at 24 months.

Interest of children with unilateral spastic cerebral palsy in bimanual daily activities.

Background: Many bimanual activities are challenging for children with unilateral spastic cerebral palsy (USCP).Aims: To investigate hand use by children with USCP in daily activities of their interest.Material e methods: Sample included twenty children with USCP, aged 8 to 14 years old. Participants identified bimanual activities of their interest and no interest. Children's performance on these activities were videotaped. Videos were coded according to the affected extremity's forms and effectiveness of use, caregiver provision and types of assistance, and child's satisfaction. The relative proportions of each parameter were compared using the signed-rank test, considering the time spent in activities of interest and no interest.Results: We analyzed 116 activities. We found effects of interest in children's satisfaction (p = 0.003) and on the type of assistance (p = 0.03). Specifically, children demonstrated longer periods of satisfaction performing activities of their interest and caregiver physical assistance was provided for longer periods of time in activities of no interest. There were no effects on the other parameters.Conclusions: A model that illustrates the impact of a child's interest on the performance of daily bimanual activities is presented, grounded in our results and in the literature.

Combining balance-training interventions with other active interventions may enhance effects on postural control in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Improvement of postural control in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy is a primary goal in child rehabilitation. OBJECTIVE: A systematic review investigated whether combining balance-training interventions with other active interventions enhances the effects of the active intervention alone on postural control of children and adolescents with cerebral palsy. METHODS: Searches were performed in MEDLINE, PEDro, CINAHL, Cochrane and EMBASE databases without date or language restrictions. Randomized controlled trials investigating the combination of balance-training interventions with other active interventions on the postural control of children and adolescents with cerebral palsy were included. Two independent reviewers screened studies, extracted data, and assessed methodological quality of included studies. Meta-analysis was conducted, and quality of the evidence followed the GRADE methodology. Pooled data were presented using standardized mean difference and 95% confidence interval. RESULTS: Seven studies involving 194 participants were included in this review. A large additional effect on postural control was found when balance-training interventions were combined with Neurodevelopmental Treatment at short-term (standardized mean difference of 1.3; 95% confidence interval 0.5, 2.0, p=0.001). The quality of the evidence was very low due to publication bias, imprecision and inconsistency. CONCLUSION: Combining balance-training interventions with other active interventions may enhance effects on postural control of this population at short-term. As the estimated effect had only very low quality of evidence to support it, larger studies with low risk of bias are needed.

Reduced version of the Activity Measure for Post-Acute Care (AM-PAC) for inpatients, "6-clicks": Brazilian-Portuguese cross-cultural adaptation and measurement properties.

BACKGROUND: The "6-clicks" is the reduced version of the Activity Measure for Post-Acute Care for inpatients that assesses limitations in basic mobility, daily activity, and applied cognitive, simply and quickly. OBJECTIVE: Cross-culturally adapt the "6-clicks" into Brazilian-Portuguese and verify its measurement properties. METHODS: Cross-cultural adaptation followed recommendations from international guidelines. Reliability indices, standard error of measurement and minimum detectable difference were calculated. Participants included 13 professionals, 13 patients and 13 companions. Test of measurement properties involved 101 patients' of both sexes, hospitalized in the infirmary, under physical therapy care, able to understand and respond to commands and with no discharge expectation. Their 30 companions were also included. RESULTS: Minor changes implemented to the original version. The three domains showed adequate internal consistency (α>0.65). Inter-rater reliability (n=50) and test-retest reliability, when administer to patients (n=51) and to companions (n=30), showed good for basic mobility domain (ICC2.1=0.81, 0.83 and 0.82, respectively), good to moderate for daily activity (ICC2.1=0.78 and ICC3.1=0.71 and 0.82, respectively) and moderate to poor for applied cognitive (ICC2.1=0.64, 0.36 and ICC3.1=0.63), respectively. The highest agreements among patients/companions were also in basic mobility. Standard error of measurement ranged from 2.03 to 2.64 while the minimum detectable difference ranged from 5.63 to 7.32. CONCLUSION: Translated and adapted Brazilian version of the "6-clicks" showed acceptable measurement properties. The functional data provided by the instrument could be used to enhance care and help treatment follow-up.

Identification of gait events in children with spastic cerebral palsy: comparison between the force plate and algorithms.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the gait event identification of five algorithms recommended in the literature with those provided by force plate (gold standard) in children with unilateral or bilateral spastic cerebral palsy (SCP). METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study of the gait of three girls and four boys with a mean age of 8.6±4.7 years. Four children had unilateral SCP with an equinus gait pattern, and the remaining three children exhibited bilateral SCP with a slide/drag gait pattern. Kinematic and kinetic gait data were collected during barefoot walking at a comfortable speed. From a total of 202 steps, the detection of 202 foot-strike (FS) and 194 toe-off (TO) events by each algorithm was compared with the detection of these same events by the force plate. The error between the events detected by the algorithms and those detected by the force plate was determined in milliseconds. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare the errors among the algorithms. RESULTS: The algorithm reported by Ghoussayni et al. showed the best performance in all situations, except for the identification of FS events on the unaffected side in children with unilateral SCP. For these events, the algorithms reported by Desailly et al. and Zeni et al. showed the best performance. CONCLUSION: Ghoussayni et al.'s algorithm can be used to detect gait events in children with SCP when a force plate is not available.

Cultural adaptation and reliability analysis of the early clinical assessment of balance / Adaptação cultural e análise da confiabilidade da early clinical assessment of balance

ABSTRACT Objective: To translate the Early Clinical Assessment of Balance (ECAB), an assessment scale developed specifically for children and adolescents with cerebral palsy into Brazilian Portuguese, evaluate semantic, idiomatic, experiential and conceptual equivalences, and to examine the face validity and the reliability within and between examiners of the Brazilian version. Methods: The following steps were done: translation by two independent translators; synthesis of translations; back translation into English; analysis of back-translations by a multidisciplinary committee and the author of the test to develop the final version of the test; test application training; administration of the translated version of ECAB (videotaped) in 60 children and adolescents with cerebral palsy; intra and inter-examiner reliability assessment. Reability was assessed by intraclass correlation coefficient (CCI). Results: The discrepancies found were related mainly to semantic equivalence and, therefore, there was no need to make cultural adaptations in any of the 13 items on the scale. The rate of agreement was greater than 90% and the reliability of the ECAB-Portuguese total score was excellent both for the intra-rater test (CCI=1.00) and for the inter-rater test (CCI=0.998). Likewise, the reliability evaluation of each of the scale items was also excellent. Conclusions: The translated version of the ECAB into Portuguese provides a tool for the evaluation of the specific balance for children and adolescents with cerebral palsy with different levels of functioning.

RESUMO Objetivo: Traduzir a Early Clinical Assessment of Balance (ECAB), escala de avaliação do equilíbrio desenvolvida especificamente para crianças e adolescentes com paralisia cerebral (PC) para a língua portuguesa do Brasil; avaliar as equivalências semânticas, idiomáticas, experiencial e conceituais; e examinar a validade de face e a confiabilidade intra e interavaliadores da versão brasileira. Métodos: Estudo envolveu tradução do instrumento por dois tradutores independentes; síntese das traduções; retrotradução para o inglês; análise das retrotraduções por um comitê multidisciplinar; treinamento; administração da versão traduzida da ECAB (gravadas em vídeo) em 60 crianças e adolescentes com PC; e avaliação da confiabilidade intra e interexaminadores. A confiabilidade foi avaliada por meio do coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (CCI). Resultados: As discrepâncias encontradas foram referentes principalmente à equivalência semântica e, portanto, não houve necessidade da realização de adaptações culturais em nenhum dos 13 itens da escala. A taxa de concordância foi maior que 90%, e a confiabilidade do escore total da ECAB-português foi excelente tanto para o teste intra-avaliador (CCI=1,00) quanto para interavaliadores (CCI=0,998). Da mesma forma, a avaliação da confiabilidade de cada um dos itens da escala também foi excelente. Conclusões: A versão traduzida da ECAB para o português disponibiliza, para os profissionais da reabilitação infantil, um instrumento confiável de avaliação do equilíbrio específico para crianças e adolescentes com PC com diferentes níveis de funcionalidade.

Family-Centered Early Intervention Program for Brazilian Infants with Congenital Zika Virus Syndrome: A Pilot Study.

Aims: To evaluate the effects of a 16-week program based on Goals-Activity-Motor Enrichment (GAME) principles on infants with congenital Zika virus syndrome (CZS)'s mother report of functional goal achievement, motor and cognitive abilities, home enrichment, and parents' perceptions regarding the service provided. Methods: Quasi-experimental study with infants (n = 32) with CZS and their mothers. Twenty-two infants composed the GAME-based group and 10 were included in the control group. The primary outcome measure was the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure. Secondary outcome measures were the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, the Affordances in the Home Environment for Motor Development-Infant Scale, and the Measure of Processes of Care. All measures were performed by blinded assessors. Results: Mothers of infants in the GAME-based group reported significant improvements in their infants' performance on functional priorities (p = 0.0001) and satisfaction with their infants' performance (p = 0.0001), the extent in which services promoted enabling and partnership (p = 0.021), provided general information (p = 0.039), specific information (p = 0.0001), and an enriched home environment (p = 0.0001). Infants in both groups did not improve in motor or cognitive abilities. Conclusions: A family-centered early intervention program based on GAME principles improved mothers' individualized outcomes and enriched infants with CZS's environment. Future studies should elucidate long-term benefits of interventions for this population.

CULTURAL ADAPTATION AND RELIABILITY ANALYSIS OF THE EARLY CLINICAL ASSESSMENT OF BALANCE.

OBJECTIVE: To translate the Early Clinical Assessment of Balance (ECAB), an assessment scale developed specifically for children and adolescents with cerebral palsy into Brazilian Portuguese, evaluate semantic, idiomatic, experiential and conceptual equivalences, and to examine the face validity and the reliability within and between examiners of the Brazilian version. METHODS: The following steps were done: translation by two independent translators; synthesis of translations; back translation into English; analysis of back-translations by a multidisciplinary committee and the author of the test to develop the final version of the test; test application training; administration of the translated version of ECAB (videotaped) in 60 children and adolescents with cerebral palsy; intra and inter-examiner reliability assessment. Reability was assessed by intraclass correlation coefficient (CCI). RESULTS: The discrepancies found were related mainly to semantic equivalence and, therefore, there was no need to make cultural adaptations in any of the 13 items on the scale. The rate of agreement was greater than 90% and the reliability of the ECAB-Portuguese total score was excellent both for the intra-rater test (CCI=1.00) and for the inter-rater test (CCI=0.998). Likewise, the reliability evaluation of each of the scale items was also excellent. CONCLUSIONS: The translated version of the ECAB into Portuguese provides a tool for the evaluation of the specific balance for children and adolescents with cerebral palsy with different levels of functioning.

Functional Task Training Combined With Electrical Stimulation Improves Motor Capacity in Children With Unilateral Cerebral Palsy: A Single-Subject Design.

PURPOSE: Reduced propulsive capability can impact negatively on mobility activities of many children with spastic unilateral cerebral palsy (SUCP). This study investigated the effect of a task-oriented training program combined with functional electrical stimulation (FES) on the motor capacity of children with SUCP. METHODS: Single-case A-B design with follow-up. Gross motor function and biomechanical walking data of 4 children with SUCP were measured repeatedly across the baseline, intervention, and follow-up phases. Intervention was a task-oriented training program combined with FES applied on the gastrocnemius. Outcome variables included gait speed, impulsive torque, and ankle/hip power generation ratio. The 2-SD band and celeration line methods compared outcomes among the baseline, intervention, and follow-up periods. RESULTS: One child improved walking speed. All children improved impulsive torque and ankle/hip power ratio of the affected leg. All children improved gross motor function. CONCLUSION: The intervention improved children's propulsive capability and positively influenced their mobility.

Children's Participation in Household Tasks: Caregiver Importance and Satisfaction.

Attribution of importance and satisfaction with performance are key dimensions contributing to engagement in occupations. This study explored caregiver satisfaction with and importance attributed to the participation of their children and adolescents in household tasks. Participants included 109 caregivers of children and adolescents of both sexes, aged 6 to 14 years, from various socioeconomic levels. They were interviewed with two questions of the Children Helping Out: Responsibilities, Expectations and Supports (CHORES), with ratings of importance and satisfaction on Likert-type scales, and asked to explain their ratings. We examined the association between the two dimensions. Results showed no correlation between caregivers' ratings of satisfaction and importance (rs = .04; p = .699). The majority of caregivers evaluated their children's participation in domestic care as very important, explaining in terms of the need for children's autonomy in adulthood. Caregivers' satisfaction was attributed to children's attitudes. The expressed ideal of children's future autonomy by caregivers is not converted to current engagement in household task.

Vai jogar? Fatores que influenciam a participação de adolescentes com paralisia cerebral na educação física escolar / Are you playing? Factors influencing participation of adolescents with cerebral palsy in school physical education / vas a jugar? Factores que influencian la participación de adolescentes con parálisis cerebral en la educación física escolar

O objetivo do estudo foi compreender fatores que influenciam a participação de adolescentes com paralisia cerebral (PC) na Educação Física Escolar. Dez adolescentes com PC foram entrevistados utilizando roteiro de entrevista semiestruturado, cujo conteúdo foi gravado, transcrito e submetido à Análise de Conteúdo. Três categorias e sete subcategorias emergiram dessa análise. Verificou-se que fatores ambientais (atitudinais e físicos) e pessoais influenciaram a participação. Especificamente, as atitudes de colegas, professores e monitores, bem como a disponibilidade de dispositivos de auxílio para marcha e a acessibilidade física da escola foram elementos importantes que impactaram, negativamente ou positivamente, a participação na Educação Física. Características pessoais, como medo de realizar as atividades e baixa ou alta percepção de autoeficácia, também influenciaram o engajamento dos adolescentes na Educação Física e devem ser consideradas por profissionais da Educação Física e reabilitação

The aim of the study was to understand factors influencing participation of adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP) in school Physical Education (PE). Semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten adolescents with CP. The interviews were recorded, transcribed and submitted to content analysis, resulting in three categories and seven subcategories. Environmental (attitudinal and physical) and personal factors influenced participation. Specifically, attitudes of peers, teachers and instructors, and availability of mobility devices and physical accessibility were important elements that influenced ­ negatively or positively ­ participation in PE. Personal characteristics such as fear of performing activities and low or high self-efficacy perception also influenced the engagement of adolescents in PE and should be considered by teachers and rehabilitation professionals

El objetivo del estudio es comprender factores que influencian la participación de adolescentes con parálisis cerebral (PC) en la Educación Física escolar. Diez adolescentes con PC fueron entrevistados utilizando un modelo de entrevista semiestructurado, cuyo contenido fue grabado, transcrito y sometido al análisis de contenido. Tres categorías y siete subcategorías surgieron de este análisis. Se verificó que factores ambientales (actitudinales y físicos) y personales influenciaron la participación. Específicamente, las actitudes de colegas, profesores y monitores, así como la disponibilidad de aparatos de ayuda para la marcha y la accesibilidad física de la escuela, fueron elementos importantes que han impactado, negativamente o positivamente, sobre la participación en la Educación Física. Características personales, como miedo a realizar las actividades y baja o alta percepción de autoeficacia, también influyeron en la participación de los adolescentes en la Educación Física y deben ser consideradas por profesionales de la Educación Física y rehabilitación