[Some problems due to the questionable indication for prescribing drugs]. / De quelques problèmes posés par l'opposabilité au médecin prescripteur des indications d'un médicament.

Once a diagnosis has been done, prescribers must take into account the indications and method of use of a product before prescribing it. The indications are given in the Product License and noted in the Summary of Product Characteristics. The "RMO" informs on what would be dangerous or useless to prescribe. From now on French prescribers will have in addition to take into account indications admitted to reimbursement by the Sécurité Sociale that might be different from the Product License indications. Various problems will follow: Necessity to establish standardised and classified indications to be used by all. Necessity that this standardisation be at a European level. The indications given in the Product License must be in strict accordance with what is in the dictionary. Necessity for the prescribers to be continuously kept up to date on this dictionary. Risk of differences between general practice and hospital where there is no such opposability. This will affect therapeutic research in France. These problems must be examined as a whole.

[Phenotypes of resistance to antibiotics of the most frequently isolated strains in five specialized hospital centers. Multicenter study]. / Phénotypes de résistance aux antibiotiques des germes les plus fréquemment isolés dans cinq centres hospitaliers spécialisés. Etude multicentrique.

Antibiotic susceptibility of 948 bacterial strains isolated from varied samples essentially proceeding from urinary infections in five Paris psychiatric Hospitals was determined by disk diffusion method. E. coli, P. mirabilis, Klebsiella spp., P. aeruginosa et S. aureus are the predominant bacteria. 40% of S. aureus are methicilline resistant. Enterobacteriaceae are progressively becoming resistant to aminopenicillines, but remain sensitive to third generation cephalosporines. They are still susceptible to first generation quinolones. At least, if no resistance of P. aeruginosa to imipeneme has been reported, 30% of strains are resistant to ciprofloxacine. Resistance phenotypes to antibiotics of the strains isolated in patients from psychiatric Hospitals are located between those observed in out patients and in patients from general Hospitals. However, we noticed a worrying evolution of resistance to those encontered in psychiatric Hospitals. Therefore, a multiresistant strains emergence monitoring must be carried out regulary.

Crystal structure analysis of a beta-turn mimic in hydrazino peptides.

The crystal structures of four hydrazino peptides (Piv-Pro-h(N alpha-Bzl)Gly-NHiPr 1, Piv-Pro-hAla-NHiPr 2, Moc-hPro-NHiPr 3, and Boc-hPro-Gly-N(OH)Me 4) deriving from the hydrazino analogues of glycine (hGly), L-alanine (hAla) or L-proline (hPro) have been solved. They reveal a common folded structure of the alpha-hydrazino acid residue characterized by a bifurcated hydrogen bond closing an eight-membered cycle. This folded structure is topologically similar to the beta II'-turn in peptides, and the CO-NH-N hydrazide link can be considered as a good turn-inducer in peptide analogues.

X-ray conformational study of hydrazino peptide analogues.

We have solved the crystal structures of nine pseudo-peptide analogues deriving from the hydrazino analogue of glycine or valine (N beta H2-N alpha H-C alpha HR-CO2H, R = H or iPr) or proline (N beta H2-N alpha-C alpha H-CO2H) and containing the hydrazide (CO-N beta H-N alpha less than) or N beta-Z-aminoamide [formula; see text] [CO-N alpha(N beta HZ)] peptidomimetic link. This study gives access to the average geometry of these two links, to their inter- and intramolecular interaction modes, and to their influence on the conformational properties of the molecules.