ABSTRACT
Antagonism of the gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor has resulted in positive clinical results in reproductive tissue disorders such as endometriosis and prostate cancer. Following the recent discovery of orally active GnRH antagonists based on a 4-piperazinylbenzimidazole template, we sought to investigate the properties of heterocyclic isosteres of the benzimidazole template. We report here the synthesis and biological activity of eight novel scaffolds, including imidazopyridines, benzothiazoles and benzoxazoles. The 2-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-8-(piperazin-1-yl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine ring system was shown to have nanomolar binding potency at the human and rat GnRH receptors as well as functional antagonism in vitro. Additional structure-activity relationships within this series are reported along with a pharmacokinetic comparison to the benzimidazole-based lead molecule.
Subject(s)
Heterocyclic Compounds/chemical synthesis , Heterocyclic Compounds/pharmacology , Piperazines/chemical synthesis , Piperazines/pharmacology , Receptors, LHRH/antagonists & inhibitors , Animals , Biological Availability , Cells, Cultured , Half-Life , Heterocyclic Compounds/pharmacokinetics , Humans , Male , Piperazines/pharmacokinetics , Rats , Rats, Sprague-DawleyABSTRACT
A potent, highly insoluble, GnRH antagonist with a 2-phenyl-4-piperazinylbenzimidazole template and a quinoxaline-2,3-dione pharmacophore was modified to maintain GnRH antagonist activity and improve in vitro pharmaceutical properties. Structural changes to the quinoxaline-2,3-dione portion of the molecule resulted in several structures with improved properties and culminated in the discovery of 6-([4-[2-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1H-benzimidazol-4-yl]piperazin-1-yl] methyl)quinoxaline (WAY-207024). The compound was shown to have excellent pharmacokinetic parameters and lowered rat plasma LH levels after oral administration.
Subject(s)
Benzimidazoles/chemical synthesis , Quinoxalines/chemical synthesis , Receptors, LHRH/antagonists & inhibitors , Administration, Oral , Animals , Benzimidazoles/chemistry , Benzimidazoles/pharmacology , Binding, Competitive , Biological Availability , Half-Life , Humans , In Vitro Techniques , Luteinizing Hormone/blood , Male , Microsomes, Liver/metabolism , Orchiectomy , Pituitary Gland/drug effects , Pituitary Gland/metabolism , Quinoxalines/chemistry , Quinoxalines/pharmacology , Radioligand Assay , Rats , Structure-Activity RelationshipABSTRACT
A previous report described the serum LH suppression pharmacology of the 2-phenyl-4-piperazinyl-benzimidazole N-ethyluracil GnRH receptor antagonist 1 following oral administration in rats. A series of small heterocycles were appended to the 2-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-4-piperazinyl-benzimidazole template in place of the N-ethyluracil. Two imidazole analogues, 32 and 41, were shown to possess substantial in vitro potency at the target receptor (hGnRH IC(50) = 7 and 18 nM, respectively) and aqueous solubility (55 and 100 microg/mL at pH 7.4, respectively). Both compounds had high oral bioavailability in rats and 32 was further examined in an orchidectomized rat model for serum LH suppression based on increased volume of distribution over 41. Serum LH levels trended lower in orchidectomized rats following oral administration of 32.
Subject(s)
Benzimidazoles/pharmacology , Piperazines/pharmacology , Receptors, LHRH/antagonists & inhibitors , Administration, Oral , Animals , Benzimidazoles/chemistry , Benzimidazoles/pharmacokinetics , Heterocyclic Compounds/chemical synthesis , Heterocyclic Compounds/chemistry , Luteinizing Hormone/blood , Models, Animal , Piperazines/chemistry , Piperazines/pharmacokinetics , Rats , Receptors, LHRH/metabolism , Structure-Activity Relationship , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Accumulation of beta-amyloid (Abeta), produced by the proteolytic cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP) by beta- and gamma-secretase, is widely believed to be associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Research around the high-throughput screening hit (S)-4-chlorophenylsulfonyl isoleucinol led to the identification of the Notch-1-sparing (9.5-fold) gamma-secretase inhibitor (S)-N-(5-chlorothiophene-2-sulfonyl)-beta,beta-diethylalaninol 7.b.2 (Abeta(40/42) EC(50)=28 nM), which is efficacious in reduction of Abeta production in vivo.
Subject(s)
Alzheimer Disease/drug therapy , Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases/antagonists & inhibitors , Isoleucine/analogs & derivatives , Receptor, Notch1/metabolism , Alcohols , Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases/metabolism , Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor/chemistry , Animals , Drug Design , Humans , Isoleucine/chemistry , Models, Chemical , Propanolamines/chemistry , Sulfonamides/chemistryABSTRACT
A direct preparative purification of all four isomers of the unnatural amino acid beta-methylphenylalanine was achieved using supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) with stacked-injection. Final purification of the Cbz-methyl ester derived isomers was performed on a Daicel Chiralpak AD-H column (20 mm x 250 mm), using 50:50 methanol/ethanol as the organic modifier and resulted in purification of over 3.4 g of material in 6.25 h with >90% total recovery. The absolute stereochemical assignment of the purified amino acids was determined through a combination of chiral HPLC, NMR and optical rotation studies. To our knowledge, this is the first reported preparative approach that has yielded all four compounds in a single chromatographic run.
