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1.
Mol Neurobiol ; 59(1): 420-428, 2022 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34708330

ABSTRACT

Photobiomodulation is a non-pharmacological tool widely used to reduce inflammation in many tissues. However, little is known about its effects on the inflammatory response in the aged brain. We conducted the study to examine anti-inflammatory effects of photobiomodulation in aging brains. We used aged rats (20 months old) with control (handled, laser off) or transcranial laser (660 nm wavelength, 100 mW power) treatments for 10 consecutive days and evaluated the level of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and the expression and activation of intracellular signaling proteins in the cerebral cortex and the hippocampus. Inflammatory analysis showed that aged rats submitted to transcranial laser treatment had increased levels of IL-1alpha and decreased levels of IL-5 in the cerebral cortex. In the hippocampus, the laser treatment increased the levels of IL-1alpha and decreased levels of IL-5, IL-18, and fractalkine. Regarding the intracellular signaling proteins, a reduction in the ERK and p38 expression and an increase in the STAT3 and ERK activation were observed in the cerebral cortex of aged rats from the laser group. In addition, the laser treatment increased the hippocampal expression of p70S6K, STAT3, and p38 of aged rats. Taken together, our data indicate that transcranial photobiomodulation can improve the inflammatory response and the activation of intracellular signaling proteins linked to vascular function and cell survival in the aged brain.


Subject(s)
Aging/metabolism , Cell Survival/physiology , Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism , Low-Level Light Therapy , Neuroinflammatory Diseases/therapy , Animals , Brain/metabolism , Cytokines/metabolism , Male , Neuroinflammatory Diseases/metabolism , Rats , Rats, Wistar
2.
Front Cell Neurosci ; 15: 683127, 2021.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34539346

ABSTRACT

Aging is often accompanied by exacerbated activation of cell death-related signaling pathways and decreased energy metabolism. We hypothesized that transcranial near-infrared laser may increase intracellular signaling pathways beneficial to aging brains, such as those that regulate brain cell proliferation, apoptosis, and energy metabolism. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the expression and activation of intracellular signaling proteins in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of aged rats (20 months old) treated with the transcranial near-infrared laser for 58 consecutive days. As compared to sham controls, transcranial laser treatment increased intracellular signaling proteins related to cell proliferation and cell survival, such as signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K) and protein kinase B (PKB), also known as Akt that is linked to glucose metabolism. In addition, ERK is linked to memory, while ERK and JNK signaling pathways regulate glucose metabolism. Specifically, the laser treatment caused the activation of STAT3, ERK, and JNK signaling proteins in the cerebral cortex. In the hippocampus, the laser treatment increased the expression of p70S6K and STAT3 and the activation of Akt. Taken together, the data support the hypothesis that transcranial laser photobiomodulation improves intracellular signaling pathways linked to cell survival, memory, and glucose metabolism in the brain of aged rats.

3.
Curitiba; s.n; 2008. xvii,103 p. ilus, tab, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-505343

ABSTRACT

As células-tronco mesenquimais (MSC) são células-tronco adultas multipotentes que, sob determinados estímulos, podem se diferenciar para produzir um tipo celular especializado. Estas células apresentam uma frequência muito baixa nos tecidos, porém apresentam características que as capacitam para várias aplicações clínicas como a engenharia tecidual e a medicina regenerativa. As células-tronco adultas têm sido usadas para recuperação da função cardíaca, entretanto, a pré-diferenciação das células em uma linhagem cardíaca antes do transplante pode evitar um tipo tecidual não desejado no local do transplante. Recentemente, foi demonstrado o envolvimento do óxido nítrico na cadiomiogênese a partir de células-tronco embrionárias. Apesar dessas informações potencialmente promissoras para a diferenciação de células embrionárias pelo óxido nítrico, ainda não há descrição do seu possível papel na diferenciação de células mesenquimais. O objetivo deste trabalho é estudar o efeito do óxido nítrico no potencial de diferenciação de células-tronco mesenquimais, utilizando o microarranjo como ferramenta para uma análise global das alterações dos programas de expressão gênica. Células-tronco mesenquimais provenientes de tecido adiposo foram cultivadas e tratadas com doadores de óxido nítrico, SNAP ou DEA/NONOate. Foi utilizado também 5-azacitidina, um indutor a cardiomiócitos descrito na literatura, assim como um controle negativo sem indutor. Ao longo dos tratamentos, não foram observadas células contráteis nem com fenótipo semelhante, em nível macroscópico, com nenhum dos indutores. O RNA destas células foi extraído após 2, 7 e 20 dias de cultivo e três pools, com RNA proveniente de 2 doadores cada, foram obtidos. Em seguida, foi sintetizado cDNA, cRNA e cDNA biotinilado para hibridar em Genechip Human Gene 1.0 ST (Affymetrix). Análises por PCA e por agrupamento hierárquico mostraram que há uma grande variabilidade biológica entre os pacientes. As anáises...


Subject(s)
Adipose Tissue , Mesenchymal Stem Cells , Nitric Oxide
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