A case report on crossed aphasia in dextrals: Consideration about clinical features and neural network.

RATIONALE: The term crossed aphasia in dextrals (CAD) describes aphasia following a right hemisphere lesion in right-handed subjects. The diagnostic criteria for CAD, defined on the basis of clinical cases observed over the years, are aphasia; lesion in right hemisphere; strong preference for right hand use without familial history of left handedness; structural integrity of left hemisphere; and absence of brain damage in childhood. The studies of CAD have mainly been focused on the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the functional neurocognitive lateralization and organization of the brain, such as a dissociation between language and handedness, language and praxis, or other cognitive functions.Patient concerns: We described a case of a patient affected by an aphasic syndrome following cerebral hemorrhage located in right hemisphere. DIAGNOSIS: Considering the correlation between clinical data and instrumental investigations such as magnetic resonance imaging, we diagnose the patient with non-fluent aphasia. Specifically, the patient came to our attention showing a trans-cortical mixed aphasia that, later, developed in a trans-cortical motor aphasia. Contrary to most cases of CAD, our patient does not show apraxia and visuo-spatial neglect. Interventions language and visual attention when latter functions are related to right hemisphere. INTERVENTIONS: The rehabilitation program consisted in exercises stimulating verbal fluency, comprehension, reading, and writing. OUTCOMES: After 5 months of rehabilitation patient showed significant improvement in comprehension and absence of echolalia. LESSONS: At present there is no agreement about pathogenesis of CAD and neural mechanism is still unclear. Considering the clinical symptomatology, we can argue that we observed a non-fluent aphasia. However, a more large sample should be studied to asses the role of brain circuits.

Recovery of malnutrition in a patient with severe brain injury outcomes: A case report.

RATIONALE: Severe brain injury often induces a state of malnutrition due to insufficient caloric and protein input. If left untreated, it will have a negative impact on rehabilitation. Nutritional therapy provides caloric and the nutritional support necessary to cover the daily needs and help contrast hospital infections. Our hypothesis is that integration of natural foods in the daily diet can enhance the recovery of the state of malnutrition and increase rehabilitation outcomes. PATIENT CONCERNS: We present the case of a young man with traumatic brain injury caused by a car accident. Who underwent tracheostomy and percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) procedures, had severe consciousness disorder, was severely malnourished and therefore underweight. DIAGNOSIS: He was severely underweight, malnourished, with a severe consciousness disorder that necessitated the tracheostomy and the PEG. INTERVENTIONS: Our approach included caloric implementation of artificial nutrition and the gradual introduction of semi-liquid natural foods administered through PEG. OUTCOMES: The patient was followed for a year during which the metabolic/nutritional pattern and the blood tests improved, normal weight restored, and consciousness regained. CONCLUSION: Nutritional intervention integrated with natural foods, has allowed a gradual increase in weight, a better recovery of the lean mass and the stabilization of the metabolic-nutritional framework.Nutritional approach used has contributed to the reduction of recovery times, making the therapeutic path more effective.