Individual Article: Evaluation of Efficacy and Tolerability of Two Over-the-Counter Eczema Itch Relief Products.

BACKGROUND: Study to compare efficacy, tolerability, and patient perception between an over-the-counter itch relief gel (IRG) and itch relief moisturizing cream (IRMC) after a single application.  Methods: Single-center, randomized, blinded, split-body study comparing IRG vs IRMC in adults with eczema-prone skin and mild-to-moderate itch. Assessments included itch relief duration upon application, itch severity (0=none to 9=severe at baseline [BL], 8, 12, and 24 hours), tolerability (0=none to 3=severe), and self-assessment questionnaire about product attributes and preference.  Results: Thirty-three females and males with a mean age of 49.7 completed the study. Average time to itch relief was 28.5 seconds for IRG vs 41.8 for IRMC (P<0.05), with first onset at 5 seconds. In the IRG group, itch severity was reduced from 4.4 at BL to 1.4 at 8 hours; in comparison, itch was reduced from 4.4 at BL to 2.6 at 8 hours in the IRMC group (P<0.05). Both products significantly relieved itch vs baseline at all time points. IRG had better tolerability, with burning/stinging going from 1.5 at BL to 0.8 at 24 hours vs 1.5 at BL to 1.2 at 24 hours for IRMC (P<0.05). There was a trend in favor of IRG vs IRMC on the patient satisfaction self-assessment questionnaire. CONCLUSIONS: IRG provided rapid itch relief and significantly outperformed IRMC. Both products significantly improved itch severity for up to 24 hours after application, with IRG outperforming IRMC at 8 hours. Additionally, IRG moderated stinging/burning sensations better than IRMC. Further, IRG was preferred by participants over IRMC.J Drugs Dermatol. 2023;22:10(Suppl 2):s10-15.  .

Individual Article: Over-the-Counter Moisturizers Significantly Improve Skin Hydration in Adults With Eczema/Atopy-Prone Skin.

BACKGROUND: Many adults suffer from dry, itchy skin, particularly those with eczema-prone skin. This study evaluated the effects of two over-the-counter (OTC) moisturizing products on skin hydration, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), ceramide levels, and patient experience. METHODS: Single-center, randomized, double-blind, split-body study evaluating the effectiveness of an Eczema Soothing Moisturizer (ESM) versus an Itch Relief Moisturizing Lotion (IRML) applied twice daily for 4 weeks in healthy adults with self-perceived persistent mild-to-moderate eczema-prone skin. Assessments included corneometer for skin hydration, evaporimeter for TEWL, tape stripping to measure ceramide NS and AS levels on the skin of the arm and leg, and a self-assessed participant-reported outcome questionnaire. RESULTS: A total of 30 adults completed the study. Both products significantly increased hydration, but the effect of ESM was greater than IRML (P=0.001), and both significantly decreased TEWL. At week 4, there were increases in NS and AS ceramides at both the legs and arms for both products (P<0.05 vs BL). Individually, ceramide content was significantly improved for ESM in the leg and for IRML in the arm at week 4 (P<0.05 vs BL). Participant photos show ESM was beneficial across a range of skin phototypes. Both products resulted in favorable perceptions from study participants. CONCLUSIONS: These moisturizers improved skin hydration, skin barrier, ceramide levels in the skin, and were well-perceived by the participants. This suggests that both products are beneficial for patients with eczema and eczema-prone skin. However, the hydrating effect of ESM was significantly greater than IRML. J Drugs Dermatol. 2023;22:10(Suppl 2):s16-20.

The impact of COVID-19 on sleep for autistic children: A systematic review.

Background: Up to 80% of children with autism experience behavioural sleep problems, predominantly relating to bedtime resistance, sleep anxiety, sleep dysregulation, and shorter duration, which are associated with increased autistic symptom expression and emotional and behavioural difficulties. Researchers predicted the COVID-19 pandemic would worsen sleep and behavioural difficulties for autistic children, due to their need for routine and certainty. This systematic review is the first to focus on delineating the role of sleep disturbance in exacerbating autistic symptoms and internalising and externalising behaviours during the pandemic. Method: In this PROSPERO registered systematic review, we aggregated and synthesised findings from empirical studies from 2020 onwards that included children with autism and examined sleep outcomes, using narrative and framework synthesis due to the variety of methods and designs employed. We identified additional relevant themes through inductive thematic analysis. Results: Seventy-one studies met the search criteria, and we selected seventeen for review following screening and quality assessment. These studies reported mixed findings; with strongest support for worsening of sleep problems typically experienced by autistic children, including difficulties with sleep regulation and shorter sleep duration. Further, sleep problems were associated with increased expression of autistic characteristics. Conclusions: Preliminary findings of worsening sleep and increased autistic characteristics for autistic children throughout the COVID-19 pandemic highlight the need for ongoing, accessible and flexible service provision during exposure to environmental stressors. We propose that behavioural sleep interventions are well suited to telehealth adaptation and play an important role in supporting families when in-person treatment for sleep problems is not possible.

Acceptability of a behavioural sleep intervention for autistic children: A qualitative evaluation of Sleeping Sound.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the current study was to evaluate parental perceptions of the acceptability of a brief behavioural sleep intervention for autistic children (aged 5-13 years) using the Theoretical Framework of Acceptability (TFA). METHODS: Qualitative data were collected during a large randomised controlled trial evaluating the efficacy of the Sleeping Sound intervention: 123 families were randomised to the intervention group, of which 115 (93%) completed at least one intervention session and 82 (67%) provided qualitative evaluation data in the 3-month follow-up survey. Consultation records from intervention sessions and parent surveys were qualitatively analysed post hoc using a hybrid approach to thematic analysis. RESULTS: Findings were categorised under the seven themes of the TFA (affective attitude, burden, ethicality, intervention coherence, opportunity costs, perceived effectiveness, self-efficacy) in addition to three themes that were defined following inductive and deductive coding (barriers to implementation, facilitators to implementation, suggestions for improvement). Participants spoke positively about their experience participating in the intervention and perceived the intervention to be appropriate and effective. Most parents (95.5%) reported that they would recommend the Sleeping Sound intervention to other families of autistic children. Barriers to implementation included child and parent anxiety, child health problems, parental preferences, family circumstances, and other (e.g., school holidays). Facilitators to implementation included family support and consistency with strategies. CONCLUSIONS: The Sleeping Sound intervention was considered acceptable to parents of autistic children as evidenced by largely positive feedback regarding their experience. The results highlighted areas for improvement which can be used to inform future iterations of the intervention.

Understanding the Benefits of Brief Classroom-Based Physical Activity Interventions on Primary School-Aged Children's Enjoyment and Subjective Wellbeing: A Systematic Review.

BACKGROUND: Engaging in classroom-based physical activity (PA) breaks may help increase children's subjective wellbeing and enjoyment of PA, important precursors for children to remain engaged in PA. We conducted a systematic review to investigate the effect of brief classroom-based PA interventions on primary school children's subjective wellbeing and enjoyment of PA. METHODS: Databases were reviewed between the earliest date of records and April 2020. Eligibility criteria included peer-reviewed empirical quantitative or mixed methods studies reporting enjoyment of PA or wellbeing outcomes of participating in a brief classroom-based PA program. Fifteen papers were included. Interventions supported 7022 child participants enrolled at baseline and 6286 children analyzed in interventions across 148 schools. RESULTS: Thirteen studies examined the effect of brief classroom-based PA interventions on subjective wellbeing. Four found a significant positive effect for children in the intervention group (specifically for children's self-efficacy in learning with video exercises, quality of life, and self-confidence). Eight studies examined the effect of brief classroom-based PA interventions on enjoyment of PA. Five studies reported a positive effect for children in the intervention group and only 1 study found a negative effect for 1 grade level of children in the intervention group. The remaining studies with wellbeing and/or enjoyment outcomes reported no significant effect. CONCLUSIONS: Findings from these studies indicate that the integration of brief PA breaks may support PA enjoyment and specific self-beliefs and quality of life perceptions that contribute to children's subjective wellbeing. However, more research is needed to confirm this effect.

The feasibility and acceptability of a classroom-based physical activity program for children attending specialist schools: a mixed-methods pilot study.

BACKGROUND: Children with disabilities often engage in less than the recommended amount of daily physical activity (PA). Classroom-based PA breaks are a favourable method of promoting PA for children. However, evaluations of these programs in specialist schools are scarce, with even less research into their feasibility and acceptability. This may hinder effective implementation and program scalability. This pilot study investigated the feasibility and acceptability of implementing a classroom-based PA break program in Australian specialist school classrooms, using the Australian Joy of Moving (AJoM) program. METHODS: Forty primary/junior classes and their teachers across five specialist schools implemented the AJoM program for eight weeks as the intervention group within a pilot cluster randomised controlled trial. A mixed-methods design investigated classroom teachers' (N = 22; 6 males, 16 females) perspectives of the feasibility and acceptability of the program after implementation through semi-structured telephone interviews (n = 7 teachers), qualitative survey responses (n = 18 teachers) and quantitative survey items (n = 19 teachers). Qualitative data were analysed using predominantly deductive thematic analysis. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS: Classroom-based PA breaks may be feasible for getting children with disabilities more active at school. However, considerable variation exists in teachers' perception of the AJoM experience. While several teachers indicate that the program content could be pertinent for their class, common divergences in perceptions of feasibility and acceptability appear to relate to the age and developmental level or needs of the students in the class. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides preliminary evidence for the feasibility and acceptability of implementing classroom-based PA breaks in specialist schools. However, results demonstrate the importance of (1) allowing a high level of flexibility in the design and implementation of programs to meet the varying needs of class groups and (2) providing a large variety of resources to cater to the heterogeneity of the children. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This trial was prospectively registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ( ACTRN12619000193178 ) on 11 February 2019.

Hacia una epistemología jurídica crítica: precisiones y distinciones sobre epistemología jurídica, métodos y metodología / Towards a critical legal epistemology: Precisions and distinctions on legal epistemology, method and methodology / Rumo a uma epistemologia jurídica crítica: esclarecimentos e distinções sobre epistemologia jurídica, métodos e metodologia

RESUMEN Se parte de la siguiente pregunta: ¿Qué métodos, enfoques y estrategias metodológicas son pertinentes en la investigación en derecho? El artículo presenta algunas precisiones sobre las nociones de epistemología jurídica, métodos y metodologías, distinguiéndolas y estableciendo las relaciones existentes entre ellas. Los resultados se establecen con base en los hallazgos de la revisión de fuentes documentales, donde el objetivo general fue determinar el estado de la discusión sobre métodos y metodologías aplicables al derecho. Del resumen analítico de las distintas fuentes se tomaron los elementos que permitieron describir las variadas posturas existentes sobre el problema, para finalmente defender la hipótesis sobre la necesidad de una epistemología jurídica crítica. Se concluye que una noción de epistemología jurídica parte de la consideración de que el derecho es una ciencia, con un objeto de estudio propio, que recoge las metodologías propuestas por las ciencias sociales y que, aunque las investigaciones que se realizan en derecho van desde la validez hasta la eficacia, una investigación con pertinencia para estos tiempos requiere incluir la mirada certera de una epistemología jurídica crítica.

ABSTRACT The text starts from the following question: what methods, approaches and methodologies are relevant in law research? The development of the article presents some details about the notions of legal epistemology, methods and methodologies, distinguishing them but establishing the relationships between them. The results are developed based on the findings of the review of documentary sources, where the general objective was to determine the status of the discussion on methods and methodologies applicable to the law. From the analytical summary of the different sources elements are taken that allowed to describe different positions on the problem, to finally defend the hypothesis about the need for a critical legal epistemology. It is concluded that a notion of legal epistemology starts from the consideration that law is a science, with an object of its own study, which includes the methodologies proposed by the social sciences and that although the investigations carried out in law range from validity until effective, an investigation relevant to our times requires a look at what a critical legal epistemology would be.

RESUMO Começa com a seguinte pergunta: Quais métodos, abordagens e estratégias metodológicas são relevantes na pesquisa em direito? O artigo apresenta alguns esclarecimentos sobre as noções de epistemologia jurídica, métodos e metodologias, distinguindo-as e estabelecendo as relações entre elas. Os resultados são estabelecidos com base na revisão de fontes documentais, onde o objetivo geral era determinar o status da discussão sobre métodos e metodologias aplicáveis à lei. A partir do resumo analítico das diferentes fontes, foram tomados os elementos que permitiram descrever as várias posições existentes sobre o problema, para finalmente defender a hipótese sobre a necessidade de uma epistemologia jurídica crítica. Conclui-se que uma noção de epistemologia jurídica parte da consideração de que o direito é uma ciência, com objeto de estudo próprio, que inclui as metodologias propostas pelas ciências sociais e que, embora a pesquisa em direito varie de validade à eficácia, uma investigação relevante para esses tempos exige a inclusão de uma aparência precisa de uma epistemologia jurídica crítica.

Massive retroperitoneal haematoma because of renal cyst rupture, report of a case / Hematoma retroperitoneal masivo por ruptura de quiste renal, reporte de caso

We report the case of an 86-year-old adult man who, as a pedestrian, is hit by a motorcycle, suffering polytrauma; in initial care, he refers to thoraco-abdominal pain and subsequently neurological deterioration. Assessed by a neurosurgeon and general surgeon, a right chest tube is placed and a laparoscopy is performed where there is little bleeding from the abdominal cavity. It shows deterioration of its general state and dies in respiratory failure. During the necropsy procedure there is subarachnoid hemorrhage and cerebral herniation, rib fractures and pneumonic consolidation, a massive retroperitoneal hematoma is observed due to rupture of simple renal cyst.

Reportamos el caso de un hombre de 86 años que, siendo peatón, es atropellado por una motocicleta, sufriendo politraumatismo. En la atención inicial refiere a dolor toracoabdominal y posteriormente deterioro neurológico. Evaluado por un neurocirujano y un cirujano general, se coloca un tubo torácico derecho y se realiza una laparoscopia y observándose poco sangrado de la cavidad abdominal. El paciente muestra deterioro de su estado general y muere por insuficiencia respiratoria. Durante el procedimiento de necropsia se determina hemorragia subaracnoidea y hernia cerebral, fracturas costales y consolidación neumónica, se observa un hematoma retroperitoneal masivo por rotura de quiste renal simple.

Barriers and facilitators of sport and physical activity for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children and adolescents: a mixed studies systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Participation in sport and physical activity could minimise the inflated risk of poor physical health outcomes for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children and adolescents. This review aimed to synthesise existing quantitative and qualitative literature regarding barriers and facilitators to physical activity and sports participation in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children. METHODS: Literature was systematically searched to include studies reporting barriers or facilitators to physical activity and/or sports participation in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children aged 0-18 years. Using a pre-established taxonomy based on the social-ecological model, a deductive analysis was performed. Quality appraisal was performed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. RESULTS: Of 3440 unique articles, nine studies were included with n = 10,061 total participants. Of the nine included studies one reported on participants from urban areas, two from regional and three from remote areas. Three were from representative samples of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population. Barriers were reported in all nine studies: 18 individual, 9 interpersonal, 27 community and 4 at the policy level (58 total); Facilitators were reported in five studies: 12 individual, 11 interpersonal, 11 community and 3 policy level (37 total). CONCLUSIONS: Research in this area is lacking with some states in Australia not represented and small samples. Strategies for improving participation in sport and physical activity by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children and adolescents need to integrate a comprehensive identification of barriers and facilitators with a social-ecological understanding of how community and cultural factors can impact individual participation.

Daños y consecuencias de Chlamydia trachomatis en mujeres infértiles / Damage and Consequences of Chlamydia Trachomatis in Infertile Women

Introducción: La infertilidad ha aumentado a nivel mundial como consecuencia del incremento de las infecciones de transmisión sexual y la enfermedad inflamatoria pélvica producidas fundamentalmente por Chlamydia trachomatis. Objetivo: Describir la relación existente entre la Chlamydia trachomatis y sus daños y consecuencias en mujeres infértiles. Métodos: Se estudiaron 552 mujeres, con diagnóstico de infertilidad y se selecciona una muestra de 175, con diagnóstico de infección por Chlamydia trachomatis. Resultados: Las mujeres en el estudio tenían una escolaridad media superior. La mayoría de las mujeres a pesar de padecer una infección por Chlamydia trachomatis no presentaron daño a órganos reproductores; y en las que sí, predominó la obstrucción tubaria bilateral. En los casos en que se diagnosticó daño al cuello uterino predominó la cervicitis. Conclusiones: La mayoría de las mujeres infértiles con infección por Chlamydia trachomatis eran adultas jóvenes con nivel escolar medio superior, con una infertilidad secundaria y sin daños estructurales en las trompas de Falopio y el cérvix uterino. Existe relación entre la Chlamydia trachomatis y la afección a las trompas de Falopio y el cérvix uterino(AU)

Introduction: Infertility has increased worldwide because of the increase in sexually transmitted infections and pelvic inflammatory disease caused mainly by Chlamydia trachomatis. Objective: To describe the relationship between Chlamydia trachomatis and its damages and consequences in infertile women. Methods: We studied 552 women with a diagnosis of infertility and we selected a sample of 175, with diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis infection. Results: The women in the study had high school level. Most of them did not have reproductive organ damage despite suffering from Chlamydia trachomatis infection. However, those who did not have this damage had bilateral tubal obstruction. Cervicitis predominated in those cases in which damage to the cervix was diagnosed. Conclusions: Most of the infertile women with Chlamydia trachomatis infection were young adults with a high school level, suffering secondary infertility and with no structural damage to the fallopian tubes and uterine cervix. There is a relationship between Chlamydia trachomatis and the affection to the fallopian tubes and uterine cervix(AU)

Lower-Extremity Infections Caused by Serratia marcescens A Report of Three Cases and a Literature Review.

Serratia marcescens is a ubiquitous, facultatively anaerobic, gram-negative bacillus that has been cited to cause infection in immunocompromised populations. In the literature, S marcescens infections of the lower extremity have presented as granulomatous ulceration, abscess, bullous cellulitis, and necrotizing fasciitis. Herein we present a series of three cases of lower-extremity infections in which S marcescens was the sole or a contributing pathogen. We discuss the commonalities of these three cases as well as with those previously cited. All three patients presented with some combination of a similar set of clinical characteristics, including bullae formation, liquefactive necrosis, and black necrotic eschar. All three patients were diabetic and had peripheral vascular disease.

El cáncer, una epidemia silenciosa / The cancer, a silent epidemic

El presente artículo aborda aspectos de gran interés relacionados con el cáncerprimera causa de muerte en muchos países del mundo y con una alta prevalencia enla población cubana por lo que se hace necesario incrementar la prevención yeducación para reducir los factores de riesgo y tumores malignos. Teniendo encuenta la importancia del conocimiento de esta enfermedad como problema socialasí como los recursos terapéuticos y tecnológicos de que dispone Cuba para sutratamiento es que se propone con este trabajo ejemplificar elquehacer científico cubano ante esta enfermedad que constituye la epidemiasilenciosa del siglo XXI(AU)

This article deals with some very interesting aspects related to cancer the first causeof death in many countries with a high prevalence in Cuba so it is necessary toincrease prevention and education to reduce risk factors and prevalence ofmalignancy. Taking into account the importance of cancer awareness as well as thesocial therapeutic and technological resources available to Cuba for its treatment it ispropose with this work to exemplify the Cuban scientific treatment of cancer as asilent epidemic of the XXI century(AU)

Social participation on health: the fight for making us visible and reach health: meanings of social participation in health for elder people in Bogotá / Participación social en salud: la luchapor hacernos visibles y alcanzarla salud. Significados que para losadultos mayores tiene la participaciónsocial en salud en un barrio de Bogotá / Participação social em saúde: a luta por fazer-nos visíveis e alcançar a saúde. Significados que a participação social em saúde tem para os idosos em um bairro de Bogotá

Objetivo: Comprender los significados que para los adultos mayores tiene la participaciónsocial en salud en un barrio de la localidad de Chapinero, Bogotá, Colombia. Materialesy métodos: Se realizó un estudio cualitativo en salud con un grupo de veinteadultos mayores del barrio San Martín de Porres, perteneciente a una localidad de Bogotá.Los grupos focales y el diario de campo fueron las herramientas utilizadas pararecolectar la información en diferentes encuentros con el grupo. Resultados: El análisispermitió extraer un tema central: Participación social en salud: la lucha por hacernosvisibles y alcanzar la salud, y tres categorías: 1) participación social en salud: todosbuscamos la visibilidad para salir adelante; 2) nuestra historia de participación social ensalud: encontrando caminos para podernos expresar, y 3) experiencias de participaciónsocial en salud: buscando oportunidades para alcanzar la salud, que finalmente son unreflejo de lo expresado por los adultos mayores, quienes desde su experiencia relatan laconstante búsqueda de espacios en los que se les brinde trato digno, puedan expresarsus ideas, opiniones y necesidades, y que estas sean tenidas en cuenta por la sociedad.Conclusiones: Los adultos mayores construyeron el concepto de participación social ensalud a partir de diversos elementos, que evidencian la presencia de diferentes grados departicipación ligados a los diferentes roles dentro del grupo. Comprender esto favoreceel ejercicio de su autonomía en la sociedad, la integralidad de la atención en salud y laplanificación adecuada del desarrollo de un país...

Objective: Understand the meanings that, for older adults, has the social participationon health in a neighborhood from the locality of Chapinero, Bogota, Colombia. Materialsand Methods: a qualitative study on health was conducted with a group of twenty seniorcitizens from the neighborhood San Martin de Porres, from Bogotá. The focus groups andthe field diary were the tools used to collect the information in different meetings withthe group. Results: The analysis drew a central theme: Social participation in health: thestruggle to become visible and attain health, and three categories: 1) social participationin health: we all seek visibility to move forward , 2) our history of social participation inhealth: finding ways to express ourselves, and 3) experiences of social participation inhealth: seeking opportunities to attain health, which ultimately is a reflection of thatexpressed by the elderly people, who, from their experience, expressed their constantsearch of spaces where they could be treated in a humane and dignified manner, a placewhere they could express their ideas, opinions and needs, so they could be taken intoaccount by the society. Conclusions: The older adults built the concept of social participationin health from different elements, evidencing the presence of several degrees ofparticipation linked to different roles within the group. This understanding favors theexercise of their autonomy within society, the integrality of health care and the adequateplanning of the development of a country...

Objetivo: Compreender os significados a participação social em saúde tem para os idosos,em um bairro da localidade de Chapinero, Bogotá, Colômbia. Materiais e métodos:Realizou-se um estudo qualitativo em saúde com um grupo de vinte idosos do bairroSan Martín de Porres, pertencente a uma localidade de Bogotá. Os grupos focais e odiário de campo foram as ferramentas utilizadas para coletar a informação em diferentesencontros com o grupo. Resultados: A análise permitiu extrair um tema central:Participação social em saúde: a luta por fazer-nos visíveis e alcançar a saúde, e trêscategorias: 1) participação social em saúde: todos procuram a visibilidade para vencerna vida; 2) nossa história de participação social em saúde: encontrando caminhos parapoder-nos expressar, e 3) experiências de participação social em saúde: procurandooportunidades para alcançar a saúde, que finalmente são um reflexo do expressado pelosidosos, que desde sua experiência relatam a constante busca de espaços nos quaislhes seja dado um tratamento digno, em que possam expressar suas ideias, opiniões enecessidades, e que estas sejam levadas em consideração pela sociedade. Conclusões:Os idosos construíram o conceito de participação social em saúde a partir de diversoselementos, que evidenciam a presença de diferentes graus de participação ligadosàs diferentes funções dentro do grupo. Compreender isto favorece o exercício de suaautonomia na sociedade, a integralidade do atendimento em saúde e o planejamentoadequado do desenvolvimento de um país...

The proteasome activator PA200 regulates tumor cell responsiveness to glutamine and resistance to ionizing radiation.

The cellular response to ionizing radiation (IR) involves a variety of mechanisms to repair damage and maintain cell survival. We previously reported that the proteasome activator PA200 promotes long-term cell survival after IR exposure. The molecular function of PA200 is to enhance proteasome-mediated cleavage after glutamate; however, it is not known how this molecular function promotes survival after IR exposure. Here, we report that upon IR exposure, cellular demand for exogenous glutamine is increased. Cells containing PA200 are capable of surviving this IR-induced glutamine demand, whereas PA200-deficient cells show impaired long-term survival. Additional glutamine supplementation reverses the radiosensitivity of PA200-knockdown cells suggesting impaired glutamine homeostasis in these cells. Indeed, PA200-knockdown cells are unable to maintain intracellular glutamine levels. Furthermore, when extracellular glutamine is limiting, cells that contain PA200 respond by slowing growth, but PA200-knockdown cells and cells in which post-glutamyl proteasome activity is inhibited are nonresponsive and continue rapid growth. This cellular unresponsiveness to nutrient depletion is also reflected at the level of the mTOR substrate ribosomal S6 kinase (S6K). Thus, inability to restrict growth causes PA200-deficient cells to continue growing and eventually die due to lack of available glutamine. Together, these data indicate an important role for PA200 and post-glutamyl proteasome activity in maintaining glutamine homeostasis, which appears to be especially important for long-term survival of tumor cells after radiation exposure.

Presiones inspiratorias y espiratorias máximas: valores normales en individuos adultos aparentemente sanos Valencia 2001-2002 / Maximun inspiratory and expiratory pressure: normal values in apparently healthy adult individuals Valencia 2001-2002

Las medidas de las presiones respiratorias máximas son pruebas que reflejan la fuerza muscular respiratoria y su utilidad principal radica en el diagnóstico y manejo de pacientes con enfermedades obstructivas crónicas o en aquellos con enfermedades neuromusculares que comprometen los músculos respiratorios. El objetivo fue obtener las ecuaciones de predicción para los valores normales de Presión Inspiratoria y Espiratoria Máxima utilizando un presómetro Micro MPM en individuos aparentemente sanos con edades comprendidas entre 18 y 80 años en la población de Valencia-Edo. Carabobo durante el período 2001-2002. Para ello, se determinaron las presiones respiratorias en la muestra seleccionada y se relacionaron las variables edad, talla, peso corporal con los valores de Presión Inspiratoria Máxima (PIM) y Presión Espiratoria Máxima (PEM) para establecer fórmulas de predicción y obtener los valores de referencia para la población en estudio. La muestra estuvo conformada por 306 individuos con edades comprendidas entre 18 y 80 años, de los cuales 171 (55,88 por ciento) fueron del sexo masculino y 135 (44,11 por ciento) del sexo femenino. La mejor fórmula de predicción es la que se establece entre la edad y la talla con las presiones respiratorias máximas en ambos sexos. Los valores normales de presiones respiratorias máximas en la población de Valencia son menores a los existentes a nivel internacional. Se propone utilizar el presiómetro Micro MPM, por ser un método no invasivo, práctico y de fácil manejo para determinar las presiones respiratorias máximas en individuos donde se sospecha de patologías respiratorias o neuromusculares; utilizando la fórmula de predicción y la tabla de valores normales propuestos