A comprehensive study on physicochemical properties, bioactive compounds, and emulsified lipid digestion characteristics of Idesia polycarpa var. Vestita Diels fruits oil.

Idesia polycarpa var. vestita Diels fruits oil (IPO) has the potential to broaden the availability of healthy vegetable oil and relieve pressure on the edible oil supply. In this study, we compared the physicochemical, bioactivity, and digestive properties of IPO, olive oil (OO), and soybean oil (SO) to comprehensively evaluate the edible potential of IPO. The results revealed no significant differences in relative density or refractive index among the three oils. IPO was rich in ß-sitosterol (366.74 mg/100 g), ß-tocopherol (8.42 mg/100 g), and α-tocopherol (37.10 mg/100 g). The digestive properties of IPO emulsion were investigated for the first time using in vitro simulated digestion. The IPO emulsion stood out regarding its free fatty acid release (88.03 %). Finally, the IPO emulsion released mainly unsaturated fatty acids and had a higher monoacylglycerol content. This study provides new insights into IPO as a high-quality edible vegetable oil.

Evaluation of cultivars diversity and lipid composition properties of Idesia polycarpa var. vestita Diels.

Idesia polycarpa var. vestita Diels is a perennial deciduous tree widely distributed throughout China. Four I. polycarpa fruit of different cultivars with different fruit issues during the growth process were compared, which were on the basis of morphological characteristics and chemical compositions. The influencing factors of oil accumulation in I. polycarpa fruit and the correlation between different components were investigated, and the results revealed a negative correlation between oil content and total sugar (r = -0.930), ash (r = -0.606), and crude fiber (r = -0.952). Except for oil, none of the chemical components changed substantially during the growing phase, and most cultivars showed higher oil content in the pulp portion (14.14-43.99 g/100 g). Linoleic acid was the most abundant fatty acid in I. polycarpa oil (IPO), with values ranging from 52.18% to 66.65% (fruit), 55.44% to 65.15% (pulp), and 68.99% to 78.76% (seed). Principal component analysis revealed that Hubei varieties are more advantageous. Besides, the lipid composition of IPO was identified by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization Q-Exactive Focus mass spectrometry. The glyceride components of IPO were mostly composed of 22 triacylglycerols, 30 diacylglycerols, and 8 monoacyglycerols. Meanwhile, linoleic acid was mainly distributed in sn-2 and sn-3 positions. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Morphologic characteristics, chemical compositions, oil fatty acid profiles, and oil correlation factors of I. polycarpa were analyzed. The comprehensive score of oil quality by PCA in Hb fruit was the highest. The glyceride components of I. polycarpa oil were mainly composed of 22 triacylglycerols, 30 diacylglycerols, and eight monoacyglycerols.

CMA1 is potent prognostic marker and associates with immune infiltration in gastric cancer.

Background: Chymase 1 (CMA1), a gene known to be expressed in mast cells (MCs), is largely linked to immunity. However, the relationship between CMA1 and prognosis of multiple tumours and tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) remains elusive.Methods: The differential expressions of CMA1 in different tumours and their corresponding normal tissues were evaluated via exploring Tumour Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) and Oncomine database; the correlation within expression level of CMA1 and outcome of cancer patients was evaluated via Kaplan-Meier plotter and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) database; the correlation between CMA1 and tumour immune cell infiltration was further investigated by TIMER; additionally, the correlation between CMA1 and gene signature pattern of immune infiltration were checked using TIMER and GEPIA.Results: There were significant differences in CMA1 expression levels between gastric cancer (GC) tissues and adjacent normal tissues. The high expression of CMA1 was closed related to poor overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with GC (OS HR = 1.50, p = .00015; PFS HR = 1.33, p = .016). Especially, in GC patients at N1, N2 and N3 stages, high CMA1 expression was correlated with poor OS and PFS, but not with NO (p = .15, .09). The expression of CMA1 was positively associated with the levels of infiltrated CD4+, CD8+ T cells, neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells (DCs) in GC. Whereas, CMA1 expression was considerably associated with various immune markers.Conclusion: CMA1 is a key gene whose expression level is significantly correlated with GC prognosis and infiltration levels of CD8+, CD4+ T cells, neutrophils, macrophages, and DCs in GC. In addition, the expression of CMA1 may be involved in regulating tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs), dendritic cells, exhausted T cells and regulatory T cells in GC. It suggests that CMA1 could be utilized as a prognostic marker and a sign of immune infiltration in GC.