[Interpretation on the update of 2022 WHO classification of neuroendocrine tumors].

The 5th edition of the WHO Endocrine and Neuroendocrine Oncology Blue Book, released in 2022, contained some changes in the classification of neuroendocrine tumors. A brief summary of the main changes has been provided in this section. Mainly summarized as changes in naming, differentiation and classification of neuroendocrine tumors, and tumor grading systems related to anatomical locations, morphological characteristics of neuroendocrine tumors in different locations, auxiliary diagnostic and prognostic/therapeutic markers, differential diagnosis and diagnostic difficulties of neuroendocrine tumors.

[Clinical features and prognostic factors of severe hemophagocytic syndrome in children].

Objective: To explore the clinical characteristics, prognostic risk factors and effective treatment of severe hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS) in children, so as to provide reference for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Methods: The clinical data of 83 children with severe HPS admitted in Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University from January 2014 to April 2021 were collected, and their clinical characteristics, prognosis and prognostic risk factors were analyzed. The children were divided into central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction group and non-CNS dysfunction group according to whether they were accompanied with CNS dysfunction, and were divided into blood purification group and non-blood purification group according to whether they received blood purification, then the survival differences were compared. Results: Among the 83 children, there were 43 males and 40 females, aged[M(Q1,Q3)] 36(15,27)months. A total of 51 children were induced by infection, among which 41 children (80.4%) were infected with EB virus. All the children were accompanied by multiple organ dysfunction (MODS), and dysfunction of the blood system (72.3%), liver (71.1%), respiratory system (53.0%) and CNS (37.3%) were common. By the end of follow-up, 40 cases (48.2%) survived, 38 cases (45.8%) died, and 5 cases (6.0%) were lost to follow-up. CNS dysfunction was a risk factor (HR=3.358, 95%CI: 1.445-7.803, P=0.005) and blood purification was a protective factor (HR=0.362, 95%CI: 0.179-0.730, P=0.005) affecting the prognosis of children. The mortality of CNS dysfunction group was statistically higher than that of non-CNS dysfunction group (74.2% vs 28.8%) (P<0.001); The mortality of blood purification group was statistically lower than that of non-blood purification group (31.0% vs 61.0%) (P=0.010). Conclusions: Severe HPS in children was dangerous and had a poor overall prognosis. CNS dysfunction was a risk factor for death. Blood purification could significantly improve the prognosis and improve the survival rate of children.

Role of MshQ in MSHA pili biosynthesis and biofilm formation of Aeromonas hydrophila.

Biofilm formation of pathogen bacterium is currently one of the most widely studied topics; however, little is known regarding pathogen bacteria biofilms in aquaculture. Aeromonas hydrophila is a representative species of the genus Aeromonas, which has been recognized as a common pathogen, is associated with many diseases in aquatic animals, and causes significant mortality. The objectives of this study are i) to confirm that A. hydrophila can form biofilms on abiotic substrates and construct a biofilm growth curve for this bacterium; ii) to identify the genes that play crucial roles in A. hydrophila biofilm formation. The biofilm growth curve of A. hydrophila was constructed using a crystal violet assay, which showed that biofilm formation for this bacterium is a dynamic process. Next, a mutant library of pathogenic A. hydrophila B11 was constructed using the mini-Tn10 transposon mutagenesis system. A total of 861 mutants were screened, and 5 mutants were stably deficient in biofilm formation. Molecular analysis of the mutant B112 revealed that the open reading frame that encodes the protein MshQ was disrupted. Comparison of biological characteristics including growth, motility, and adhesion between the mutant B112 and the wild-type strain B11 suggested that MshQ is necessary for mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin pilus biosynthesis of A. hydrophila, and that these pili play crucial roles in A.hydrophila adherence to a solid surface during the early stages of biofilm formation.