Fabrication of Multifunctional Tents Using Canvas Fabric.

Herein, this study was compiled to investigate a suitable solution for the fabrication and development of the multifunctional defense tent from previously reported research. The military always needs to protect their soldiers and equipment from detection. The advancement of infrared detection technology emphasizes the significance of infrared camouflage materials, reducing thermal emissions for various applications. Objects emit infrared radiation detectable by devices, making military targets easily identifiable. Infrared camouflage mitigates detection by lowering an object's infrared radiation, achieved by methods such as reducing surface temperature, which is crucial in designing military tents with infrared (IR) camouflage, considering water repellency and antibacterial features. Water repellency, as well as antimicrobial properties, in army tents is also important as they have to survive in different situations. All these problems should be addressed with the required properties; therefore, the authors try to introduce a new method from which multifunctional tents can be produced through economical, multifunctional, and sustainable materials that have IR protection, water repellency, ultraviolet (UV) protection, air filtration and permeability, and antimicrobial properties. There is still no tent that performs multiple functions at a time, even those functions that do not correlate with each other such as water repellency, IR protection, antimicrobial, and air permeability. So, a multifunctional tent could be the solution to all these problems having all the properties discussed above. In this study based on the literature review, authors concluded a method for the required tent for canvas fabric coated with zinc sulfide (ZnS), graphene oxide (GO), and zinc oxide (ZnO), or these materials should be incorporated in fiber formation because fiber composition has more impact. These multifunctional tents will be very beneficial due to their multifunctions like weather resistance, durability, and long life. These would help the army in their missions by concealing their soldiers and equipment from detection by cameras and providing filtered air inside the tent in case of gases or explosions. The proposed method will help to fulfill the stated and implied needs of customers.

Plantation is an effective measure in addressing the health issues.

OBJECTIVE: To highlight the influence of environmental hazards and geographical degradation on population health status. METHODS: The ecological study was conducted at the Institute of Health Management, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, and incorporated facts and figures gathered from primary and secondary data sources between November and December 2016. Employing proportionate quota sampling, data from both developed and developing countries was included. Parameters analysed included life expectancy, health expenditure characterising health profile, urbanisation, forest, agriculture land area proportions characterising geographic profile, and air, noise pollution index characterizing environmental profile. Data was analysed on Microsoft Excel 2016. RESULTS: Of the 20 countries, 4(20%) were developed and 16(80%) were developing. Overall, 5(25%) countries, either considerably or modestly-forested were likely to be less polluted, while the opposite was true for 7(35%) others. Besides, 7(44%) agrarian states -- 2(50%) developed and 5(31%) developing-- correlated sustenance proportionately with healthy prolonged life expectancy. Overall, 15(75%) countries validated healthy life expectancy proportionate with health expenditure. The only exceptions were 5(31%) developing countries. Also, 14(70%) states associated urbanisation with health expense. CONCLUSIONS: Growing urbanisation is the biggest threat to ecological resources. Plantation is an effective measure to address these challenges.

Time to declare ophthalmology an independent discipline by initiating Bachelor of Ophthalmic Surgery programme.

Medical education, associated with lengthy, exhaustive pathways requisite of time, energy and efforts, restrain an individual from pursuing a career in medicine. Most students enrol in medical colleges under the influence of their family members, and only some strive to seek medicine as their own ambition. Medical students confront a number of problems in memorising huge amount of data and the various strategies are integrated in MBBS curriculum from time to time. After MBBS programme, most graduates tend to abandon studies, some migrate abroad, a few continue as general physicians and even fewer strive to get registered for postgraduate specialisation. This results in suboptimal supply of medical workforce. Inconsideration of the current ophthalmologist work ratio and growing demand for eye care services, an initiative is put forward to introduce Bachelors of Ophthalmic Surgery programme similar to Bachelor of Dental Surgery. Such initiative may facilitate effective learning, enable command in a particular area and encourage more individuals to pursue a career in ophthalmology. Using a questionnaire to undergraduate medical students, medical professors and ophthalmologists were surveyed to evaluate the efficacy of the proposed initiative. The results threw a mixed response.