Phylogeographic evidence for two species of muriqui (genus Brachyteles).

The taxonomy of muriquis, the largest extant primates in the New World, is controversial. While some specialists argue for a monotypic genus (Brachyteles arachnoides), others favor a two-species classification, splitting northern muriquis (Brachyteles hypoxanthus) from southern muriquis (B. arachnoides). This uncertainty affects how we study the differences between these highly endangered and charismatic primates, as well as the design of more effective conservation programs. To address this issue, between 2003 and 2017 we collected over 230 muriqui fecal samples across the genus' distribution in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, extracted DNA from these samples, and sequenced 423 base pairs of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region. Phylogenetic and species delimitation analyses of our sequence dataset robustly support two reciprocally monophyletic groups corresponding to northern and southern muriquis separated by an average 12.7% genetic distance. The phylogeographic break between these lineages seems to be associated with the Paraíba do Sul River and coincides with the transition between the north and south Atlantic Forest biogeographic zones. Published divergence estimates from whole mitochondrial genomes and nuclear loci date the split between northern and southern muriquis to the Early Pleistocene (ca. 2.0 mya), and our new mtDNA dataset places the coalescence time for each of these two clades near the last interglacial (ca. 120-80 kya). Our results, together with both phenotypic and ecological differences, support recognizing northern and southern muriquis as sister species that should be managed as distinct evolutionarily significant units. Given that only a few thousand muriquis remain in nature, it is imperative that conservation strategies are tailored to protect both species from extinction.

Multicentric lymphoma in a giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla).

Neoplastic disease is not well documented in giant anteaters. This report describes a disseminated lymphoma in an adult male giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) from the City Zoo of Curitiba, State of Paraná, Brazil. No clinical signs were noticed before its death, except for a slight inappetence. At postmortem examination, pale white to yellow, variably sized nodules infiltrated the heart, liver, and intestinal lymph nodes. Histologically, two distinct cell populations were present in the nodular lesions: one characterized by smaller cells, primarily lymphocytic in nature, and another characterized by larger rounded cells with loose chromatin and frequently indented nuclei resembling histiocytes. Giant binucleated cells were occasionally observed. Mitotic figures numbered 2-3 mitotic figures/x400 field. Both cellular populations presented with moderate pleomorphism, large nuclei, a high nucleus-to-cytoplasm ratio, distinct nucleoli, and coarse nuclear chromatin. The neoplasia was classified as a form of multicentric lymphohistiocytic lymphoma (Rappaport Classification) and as an intermediate grade lymphoma (National Cancer Institute Working Formulation).

A contribuição de José Candido da Silva Muricy ao conhecimento da fauna de vertebrados do Estado do Paraná - Brasil / The contribution of josé candido da silva muricy to the knowledge about the vertebrate fauna of paraná state ­ Brazil / La contribución de josé candido da silva muricy a el conocimiento de la fauna de vertebrados del estado de paraná ­ Brasil

Em 1896, uma expedição chefiada pelo General José Candido da Silva Muricy deixou a cidade de Curitiba e percorreu boa parte do Estado do Paraná, em busca das ruínas da redução jesuítica de Vila Rica, tendo navegado pelos rios Ivaí e Corumbataí, entre outros. Muricy legou à posteridade um documento fundamental ao conhecimento do Estado o livro Viagem ao País dos Jesuítas”, relato impressionante de um Paraná ainda selvagem, com narrativas sobre geografia, hidrografia, botânica, zoologia e antropologia. De todos esses aspectos, chamam especial atenção as citações sobre os animais encontrados durante a expedição. São detalhadamente descritos muitos exemplares de vertebrados, o que faz do livro um precioso documento zoológico, que ainda não havia sido estudado com rigor científico. Este artigo traz os resultados da análise crítica das citações de animais vertebrados (peixes, anfíbios, répteis, aves e mamíferos), avaliadas com relação à qualidade da informação apresentada pelo autor, nível de detalhamento da descrição e situação que gerou a citação. O livro cita dez espécies de peixes ósseos (Classe Osteichties), duas espécies de anfíbios (Classe Amphibia); duas espécies de répteis (Classe Reptilia); 20 espécies de aves (Classe Aves) e 22 espécies de mamíferos (Classe Mammalia). A importância dos dados coligidos por Muricy se evidencia especialmente nas citações a duas espécies de mamíferos que até recentemente ainda apresentavam problemas de confirmação de ocorrência: a ariranha (Pteronura brasiliensis) e a preguiça-de-três-dedos (Bradypus variegatus).

ABSTRACT: In 1896, an expedition commanded by the General José Candido da Silva Muricy left the city of Curitiba and crossed part of the State of Paraná ­ Brazil, searching for the ruins of the Vila Rica Jesuitic mission, navigating the Ivaí and Corumbataí rivers, among others. Muricy gave to the posterity a fundamental document for the knowledge about the State ­ the book called Viagem ao País dos Jesuítas ("Journey to the Jesuitic Country"), an impressive report of a still savage State of Paraná, with narratives about geography, hydrography, botany, zoology, and anthropology. Between all of those aspects, the references to the animals found during the expedition deserve special attention. A lot of vertebrates are detailed described, making the book a precious zoological document that had not still been studied with scientifi c rigidity. This article brings the results of the critical analysis of the references about vertebrate animals (fi sh, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals), evaluated with basis on the quality of the information presented by the author, detail level of the description and situations that generated the reference. The book mentions ten species of bony fi sh (Class Osteichties), two species of amphibians (Class Amphibia); two species of reptiles (Class Reptilia); 20 species of birds (Class Aves), and 22 species of mammals (Class Mammalia). The importance of the data recorded by Muricy is evidenced especially in the references to two species of mammals whose occurrence until recently remained problematic: the giant-otter (Pteronura brasiliensis) and the three-toed-sloth (Bradypus variegatus).

RESUMEN: En 1896, una expedición comandada por el General José Candido da Silva Muricy dejó la ciudad de Curitiba y cruzó parte del Estado de Paraná ­ Brasil, buscando las ruinas de la reducción jesuítica de Villa Rica, navegando por los ríos Ivaí y Corumbataí, entre otros. Muricy dejó a la posteridad un documento fundamental para el conocimiento sobre el Estado - el libro llamado Viaje al País de los Jesuítas, un informe impresionante de un Paraná aún salvaje, con narrativas sobre geografía, hidrografía, botánica, zoología y antropología. Entre todos esos aspectos, las referencias a los animales encontrados durante la expedición merecen atención especial. Se describen detalladamente muchos vertebrados, lo que hace del libro un precioso documento zoológico que todavía no se había estudiado con rigor científi co. Este artículo trae los resultados del análisis crítico de las referencias sobre los animales vertebrados (peces, anfi bios, reptiles, aves y mamíferos), evaluadas con base en la calidad de la información presentada por el autor, nivel de detalle de la descripción y situaciones que generaron lareferencia. El libro menciona diez especies de peces óseos (Clase Osteichties), dos especies de anfi bios (Clase Amphibia), dos especies de reptiles (Clase Reptilia), 20 especies de aves (Clase Aves) y 22 especies de mamíferos (Clase Mammalia). La importancia de los datos registrados por Muricy es evidenciada sobre todo en las referencias a dos especies de mamíferos cuya ocurrencia hasta recientemente permanecía problemática: el lobo de río grande o arirai (Pteronura brasiliensis) y el perezoso o aí-aí (Bradypus variegatus).