Servicio profesional farmacéutico asistencial de indicación farmacéutica. Uso de protocolos en la farmacia comunitaria / Professional pharmaceutical care service for pharmaceutical indication. Use of protocols in community pharmacy

JUSTIFICACIÓN: para poder realizar correctamente el servicio profesional farmacéutico asistencial de indicación farmacéutica es fundamental contar con protocolos de actuación para los distintos trastornos o sintomatologías menores, adaptados y de fácil aplicación en la práctica diaria de la farmacia comunitaria. El registro de este servicio de atención farmacéutica es totalmente necesario para demostrar su impacto en la población, en la profesión farmacéutica y en la sostenibilidad del sistema público de salud español. OBJETIVOS: el objetivo principal fue conocer y analizar la aplicabilidad de los protocolos y los métodos de registro del servicio profesional farmacéutico asistencial de indicación farmacéutica en las farmacias comunitarias españolas. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: estudio descriptivo-analítico. Revisión y selección bibliográfica hasta enero de 2020 en Pubmed, Google Académico y páginas webs de asociaciones/sociedades científicas/profesionales relacionadas con la atención farmacéutica, entre ellas la Sociedad Española de Farmacia Clínica, Familiar y Comunitaria (SEFAC) y de grupos universitarios. Palabras clave: indicación farmacéutica, atención farmacéutica, pharmaceutical care y community pharmacy Spain. Variables analizadas: diseño del estudio, número de farmacias participantes, localización, periodo de estudio, cómo se utilizan y registran los protocolos, limitaciones, aplicabilidad y efectividad. RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN: se seleccionaron 17 artículos para su análisis, el 47,2 % descriptivos y el 46,8 % analíticos. El número de farmacias participantes oscilaba entre 1 y 876 farmacias. La duración de los estudios también fue muy variable (rango: 6 días – 10 meses). El 76,5 % especificaron el método de registro. Se registraron variables del paciente, del motivo de la consulta y de la intervención farmacéutica, mayoritariamente en soporte papel. Solo un 23,5 % de los estudios mencionaban la aplicabilidad y la efectividad de los protocolos. (AU)

Psychometric validation of the desire thinking questionnaire in a Turkish adolescent sample: Associations with internet gaming disorder.

BACKGROUND: Desire thinking is a conscious and voluntary cognitive process that consists of perseverative focus on information, memories, and prefiguration of images related to a desired target. The Desire Thinking Questionnaire (DTQ) is acknowledged as a reliable and valid tool to measure desire thinking in both adults and adolescents. The aim of the present study was to examine the psychometric properties of the DTQ in Turkish adolescent sample. METHODS: A convenience sample of 200 adolescents completed the Turkish version of the DTQ (DTQ-T) and an Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was performed. Subsequently, a convenience sample of 701 adolescents completed the DTQ-T and a battery of questionnaires assessing personality traits, affect, boredom, impulsivity, and Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD). A Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was performed on the DTQ-T and validity was determined by examining correlations with other measures. RESULTS: A 9-item two-factor structure was observed in the EFA. An 8-item two-factor structure was established in the CFA. Results demonstrated that the DTQ-T yields adequate levels of reliability and concurrent validity. Additionally, an examination of incremental validity showed that DTQ-T significantly predicted IGD when controlling for personality traits, affect, boredom, and impulsivity. CONCLUSIONS: The 8-item DTQ-T was found to be a reliable and valid measure of desire thinking among Turkish adolescents. Desire thinking may be a feasible target for mental health workers to alleviate the symptoms of IGD.

Implementación de un modelo porcino de trasplante hepático en Chile / Implementation of a porcine liver transplant model in Chile

Resumen Objetivo: Presentar la implementación del primer modelo porcino de trasplante hepático (TH) en Chile y sus resultados. Material y Método: Se implementó un protocolo quirúrgico y anestésico en el contexto de una investigación en perfusión normotérmica hepática financiada por un Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico. Los cerdos fueron seleccionados por peso (35-40 kilos), en cada experimento se utilizó dos, donante y receptor, sometidos a procura y trasplante respectivamente. El análisis se realizó con estadística descriptiva. Resultados: Se realizaron 26 experimentos (marzo de 2018-octubre de 2019). El protocolo consta de 7 etapas: Preparación, Instrumentalización, Procura o Hepatectomía, Tiempo Anhepático, Etapa de Isquemia-Reperfusión, Monitorización y Eutanasia. Las primeras tres son similares en ambos cerdos, y desde la cuarta en adelante corresponde sólo al receptor. La supervivencia a la cirugía fue de 92,3% (24/26) y al seguimiento de 76,9% (20/26). La mortalidad se produjo por inestabilidad cardiovascular postreperfusión portal. El tiempo quirúrgico promedio fue de 170 min, y el tiempo anhepático de 33 min. La PAM cursó una baja postreperfusión con recuperación al final de la monitorización (67,4 mmHg media) y la tendencia en ph fue a acidosis al final del seguimiento (7,21 media). Se requirió drogas vasoactivas en 12 casos. Discusión: Logramos implementar un modelo experimental simplificado y reproducible de TH sin necesidad de circulación extracorpórea ni puente veno-venoso gracias a la estandarización de la técnica quirúrgica y de los cuidados perioperatorios. Conclusiones: La consolidación de un modelo experimental significa el primer paso en investigación preclínica de nuevas tecnologías asociadas al TH en Chile.

Objective: To Present the implementation of the first porcine model of liver transplant in Chile and its results. Materials and Methods: In the context of an investigation based on normothermic perfusion that was subsidized by the National Fund for Scientific and Technological Development, surgical and anesthetic protocols were implemented. Two pigs were selected by weight (35-40 kg), in which one was a donor and the other a receptor; submitted to procure and as a transplant recipient, respectively. The analysis was executed with descriptive statistics. Results: 26 experiments (June 2018-October 2019) were performed. The protocol includes 7 stages: Preparation, Instrumentalization, Procure or Hepatectomy, Anhepatic Time, Phase of Ischemia-Reperfusion, Monitoring and Euthanasia. The first three stages are similar in both pigs; meanwhile the last four are exclusive to the receptor. 92.3% (24/26) survived the surgery and 76.9% (20/26) survived the follow up, including the pilots. Average surgical time was 170 minutes, and the anhepatic time was 33 minutes. The mean arterial pressure decreased after the reperfusion and it improved towards the end of the monitorization (67,4 mmHg average) In the follow up, pigs presented acidosis (7.21 average). Vasoactive drugs were necessary in 12 experiments. Discussion: We managed to implement a simple and reproducible model of porcine liver transplant without extracorporeal circulation or veno-venous by-pass. This was possible due to the standardization of surgical technique and perioperative cares. Conclusions: The consolidation of porcine liver transplant model is the first step in pre-clinical research for the development of new technologies in liver transplant in Chile.

Desarrollo y evaluación de modelo ex vivo para entrenamiento de anastomosis intracorpórea en hemicolectomía derecha laparoscópica / Development and assessment of an ex vivo simulated model for intracorporeal anastomosis training in laparoscopic right hemicolectomy

Resumen Introducción: Si bien la anastomosis intracorpórea (AI) ha demostrado beneficios clínicos sobre la anastomosis extracorpórea (AE) en la hemicolectomía derecha laparoscópica (HDL), su aplicación ha sido limitada por su dificultad técnica y curva de aprendizaje más larga. El presente estudio busca desarrollar y evaluar un modelo simulado para entrenar este procedimiento. Materiales y Método: Se desarrolló un modelo en base a tejido ex vivo, con colon porcino e intestino bovino, montados en un simulador de laparoscopía. Este se modificó sucesivamente en base a entrevistas semiestructuradas a cirujanos hasta lograr el modelo final. Para evaluar apariencia y reacción al modelo, coloproctólogos, cirujanos y residentes previamente expuestos a entrenamiento simulado, realizaron una ileotransverso anastomosis mecánica en el modelo y luego contestaron una encuesta. Resultados: Doce sujetos participaron. Cuatro coloproctólogos, 4 residentes de coloproctología, 2 residentes de cirugía general, 1 cirujano general y 1 cirujano digestivo. El 91,6% valoró positivamente la ergonomía lograda, mientras que el 83,3% y 75% valoraron positivamente el uso del instrumental y la relación anatómica entre estructuras, respectivamente. Todos los participantes consideraron el modelo útil para entrenar sutura manual laparoscópica, el 91,6% para entrenar enterotomías y 83,3% para entrenar el uso de endograpadora. Todos declararon que el módulo permite entender y reflexionar sobre la técnica propuesta. Conclusión: Este modelo desarrollado sería útil para entrenar habilidades críticas para realizar una AI en HDL. Su incorporación a un programa de entrenamiento en laparoscopía avanzada podría contribuir a acortar la curva de aprendizaje de este procedimiento.

Introduction: Although intracorporeal anastomosis has demonstrated clinical benefits over extracorporeal anastomosis in laparoscopic right hemicolectomy, its application has been limited due to its technical difficulty and longer learning curve. The present study aims to develop and evaluate a simulated model to train this procedure. Materials and Method: An ex vivo tissue model was developed with porcine colon and bovine small bowel mounted in a laparoscopic simulator. This was subsequently modified based on semi-structured interviews to experts until the final model was achieved. To evaluate appearance and reaction to the model, the participants performed an ileocolic mechanical anastomosis in the model and answered a survey. Results: Twelve subjects participated. Four colorectal surgeons, 4 colorectal surgery fellows, 2 residents of general surgery, 1 general surgeon and 1 upper digestive surgeon. Of all subjects, 91.6%, 83.3% and 75% deemed ergonomics achieved, the use of instruments, and the anatomical relationship between structures as similar to reality, respectively. All participants deemed the model useful to train laparoscopic manual suturing, while 91.6% and 83.3% of them considered it useful to train enterotomies and the use of an endostapler, respectively. All declared that the model allows to understand the proposed technique. Conclusion: This model would be useful to train critical skills to perform an intracorporeal anastomosis in laparoscopic right hemicolectomy. Its incorporation into an advanced simulated laparoscopy training program could help shorten the learning curve of this procedure.

Visual motion and rapid auditory processing are solid endophenotypes of developmental dyslexia.

Although a genetic component is known to have an important role in the etiology of developmental dyslexia (DD), we are far from understanding the molecular etiopathogenetic pathways. Reduced measures of neurobiological functioning related to reading (dis)ability, i.e. endophenotypes (EPs), are promising targets for gene finding and the elucidation of the underlying mechanisms. In a sample of 100 nuclear families with DD (229 offspring) and 83 unrelated typical readers, we tested whether a set of well-established, cognitive phenotypes related to DD [i.e. rapid auditory processing (RAP), rapid automatized naming (RAN), multisensory nonspatial attention and visual motion processing] fulfilled the criteria of the EP construct. Visual motion and RAP satisfied all testable criteria (i.e. they are heritable, associate with the disorder, co-segregate with the disorder within a family and represent reproducible measures) and are therefore solid EPs of DD. Multisensory nonspatial attention satisfied three of four criteria (i.e. it associates with the disorder, co-segregates with the disorder within a family and represents a reproducible measure) and is therefore a potential EP for DD. Rapid automatized naming is heritable but does not meet other criteria of the EP construct. We provide the first evidence of a methodologically and statistically sound approach for identifying EPs for DD to be exploited as a solid alternative basis to clinical phenotypes in neuroscience.

Monensin and a blend of castor oil and cashew nut shell liquid used in a high-concentrate diet abruptly fed to Nellore cattle.

Monensin and functional oils (FO) were supplemented to a high-concentrate diet abruptly fed to 12 ruminally cannulated Zebu steers to study their effects on rumen fermentation, blood metabolites, and , , and relative population. A randomized complete block design with repeated measures over time within 2 experimental periods of 21 d each was used. Treatments were a control (CTR; with no additives), FO (included at 400 mg/kg), and monensin included at 30 mg/kg (M30) or 40 mg/kg (M40). All steers were fed the same high-concentrate basal diet, which consisted of 92.25% concentrate. The first 60 h after transition showed a treatment and hour interaction for ruminal propionate proportion ( = 0.028), and no change in acetate molar proportion ( = 0.633), rumen pH ( = 0.370), and time the rumen pH remained below 5.6 ( = 0.242) were observed. The acetate:propionate ratio decreased ( = 0.020) when monensin was fed in both concentrations (2.30 for the M30 treatment and 2.32 for the M40 treatment) compared with when the CTR was fed (2.85), without being different when the FO (2.71) treatment was fed. Only the M30 treatment did not show pH below 5.2 (P=0.047) over the 60 h after the abrupt transition. Within the entire period, DMI ( = 0.008) and mean ruminal pH ( = 0.040) as well as molar proportions of propionate ( = 0.034) and valerate ( = 0.031) had significant interactions between treatment and day. Total VFA concentration was greater ( = 0.017) for the M30 (117.36 m) and CTR treatments (115.77 m) compared with the M40 treatment (105.02 m), without being different for the FO treatment (111.55 m). Treatments did not change feed behavior parameters. Blood HCO ( = 0.006) and total carbon dioxide ( = 0.003) were greater for the M30 (27.8 and 29.3 mmol/L, respectively) and FO treatments (28.3 and 29.7 mmol/L, respectively) compared with the CTR treatment (25.7 and 26.9 mmol/L, respectively). ( < 0.0001) and ( < 0.0001) decreased their population throughout days, whereas ( = 0.026) increased its population. Independent of ciliated protozoa genera, the greatest ( < 0.0001) protozoa counts were observed for the CTR treatment (52.7 × 10/mL), intermediate for the FO treatment (35.3 x10/mL), and least for steers fed monensin in both concentrations (15 × 10/mL for the M30 treatment and 14 × 10/mL for the M40 treatment). Feed additives had different effects to reduce the subacute acidosis. The use of the FO and M40 treatments did not change most of the rumen fermentation variables, especially in the first week after abrupt transition, when the M30 treatment provided higher protection against acidosis.

Analysis of Mendelian inheritance and genetic linkage in microsatellite loci of Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake.

Eucalyptus urophylla is an important species in the Brazilian forest sector due to its rapid growth rates and resistance to disease. The aim of this study was to verify Mendelian inheritance, genetic linkage, and genotypic disequilibrium for 15 microsatellite loci, with the goal of producing a robust set of genetic markers. Mendelian inheritance and genetic linkage analyses were carried out using genotypes from maternal trees, and their open-pollinated seeds and genotypic disequilibrium were assessed using adult trees. By comparing heterozygous maternal genotypes and their seeds, we found no significant deviations from the expected 1:1 Mendelian segregation and the expected 1:1:1:1 segregation hypothesis for pairwise loci. For adult trees, we did not find strong evidence of genotypic imbalance for pairwise loci. Our results indicated that the analyzed set of microsatellite loci could be used to carry out analyses of genetic diversity, mating system, and parentage in E. urophylla.

The importance of thinking styles in predicting binge eating.

Impulsivity, Body Mass Index, negative emotions and irrational food beliefs are often reported as predictors of binge eating. In the current study we explored the role played by two thinking styles, namely food thought suppression and desire thinking, in predicting binge eating among young adults controlling for established predictors of this condition. A total of 338 university students (268 females) participated in this study by completing a battery of questionnaires measuring the study variables. Path analysis revealed that impulsivity was not associated with binge eating, that Body Mass Index and negative emotions predicted binge eating, and that irrational food beliefs only influenced binge eating via food thought suppression and desire thinking. In conclusion, thinking styles appear an important predictor of binge eating and they should be taken into consideration when developing clinical interventions for binge eating.

Neurogenetics of developmental dyslexia: from genes to behavior through brain neuroimaging and cognitive and sensorial mechanisms.

Developmental dyslexia (DD) is a complex neurodevelopmental deficit characterized by impaired reading acquisition, in spite of adequate neurological and sensorial conditions, educational opportunities and normal intelligence. Despite the successful characterization of DD-susceptibility genes, we are far from understanding the molecular etiological pathways underlying the development of reading (dis)ability. By focusing mainly on clinical phenotypes, the molecular genetics approach has yielded mixed results. More optimally reduced measures of functioning, that is, intermediate phenotypes (IPs), represent a target for researching disease-associated genetic variants and for elucidating the underlying mechanisms. Imaging data provide a viable IP for complex neurobehavioral disorders and have been extensively used to investigate both morphological, structural and functional brain abnormalities in DD. Performing joint genetic and neuroimaging studies in humans is an emerging strategy to link DD-candidate genes to the brain structure and function. A limited number of studies has already pursued the imaging-genetics integration in DD. However, the results are still not sufficient to unravel the complexity of the reading circuit due to heterogeneous study design and data processing. Here, we propose an interdisciplinary, multilevel, imaging-genetic approach to disentangle the pathways from genes to behavior. As the presence of putative functional genetic variants has been provided and as genetic associations with specific cognitive/sensorial mechanisms have been reported, new hypothesis-driven imaging-genetic studies must gain momentum. This approach would lead to the optimization of diagnostic criteria and to the early identification of 'biologically at-risk' children, supporting the definition of adequate and well-timed prevention strategies and the implementation of novel, specific remediation approach.

Monopole patch antenna for in vivo exposure to nanosecond pulsed electric fields.

To explore the promising therapeutic applications of short nanosecond electric pulses, in vitro and in vivo experiments are highly required. In this paper, an exposure system based on monopole patch antenna is reported to perform in vivo experiments on newborn mice with both monopolar and bipolar nanosecond signals. Analytical design and numerical simulations of the antenna in air were carried out as well as experimental characterizations in term of scattering parameter (S 11) and spatial electric field distribution. Numerical dosimetry of the setup with four newborn mice properly placed in proximity of the antenna patch was carried out, exploiting a matching technique to decrease the reflections due to dielectric discontinuities (i.e., from air to mouse tissues). Such technique consists in the use of a matching dielectric box with dielectric permittivity similar to those of the mice. The average computed electric field inside single mice was homogeneous (better than 68 %) with an efficiency higher than 20 V m-1 V-1 for the four exposed mice. These results demonstrate the possibility of a multiple (four) exposure of small animals to short nanosecond pulses (both monopolar and bipolar) in a controlled and efficient way.

Effects of feeding a spray-dried multivalent polyclonal antibody preparation on feedlot performance, feeding behavior, carcass characteristics, rumenitis, and blood gas profile of Brangus and Nellore yearling bulls.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of replacing monensin (MON) with a spray-dried multivalent polyclonal antibody preparation (PAP) against several ruminal microorganisms on feedlot performance, carcass characteristics, feeding behavior, blood gas profile, and the rumenitis incidence of Brangus and Nellore yearling bulls. The study was designed as a completely randomized design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, replicated 6 times (4 bulls per pen and a total of 24 pens), in which bulls ( = 48) of each biotype were fed diets containing either MON fed at 300 mg/d or PAP fed at 3 g/d. No significant feed additive main effects were observed for ADG ( = 0.27), G:F ( = 0.28), HCW ( = 0.99), or dressing percentage ( = 0.80). However, bulls receiving PAP had greater DMI ( = 0.02) and larger ( = 0.02) final LM area as well as greater ( < 0.01) blood concentrations of bicarbonate and base excess in the extracellular fluid than bulls receiving MON. Brangus bulls had greater ( < 0.01) ADG and DMI expressed in kilograms, final BW, heavier HCW, and larger initial and final LM area than Nellore bulls. However, Nellore bulls had greater daily DMI fluctuation ( < 0.01), expressed as a percentage, and greater incidence of rumenitis ( = 0.05) than Brangus bulls. In addition, Brangus bulls had greater ( < 0.01) DMI per meal and also presented lower ( < 0.01) DM and NDF rumination rates when compared with Nellore bulls. Significant interactions ( < 0.05) between biotype and feed additive were observed for SFA, unsaturated fatty acids (UFA), MUFA, and PUFA concentrations in adipose tissues. When Nellore bulls were fed PAP, fat had greater ( < 0.05) SFA and PUFA contents but less ( < 0.01) UFA and MUFA than Nellore bulls receiving MON. For Brangus bulls, MON led to greater ( < 0.05) SFA and PUFA and less ( < 0.05) UFA and MUFA than Brangus bulls fed PAP. Feeding a spray-dried PAP led to similar feedlot performance compared with that when feeding MON. Spray-dried PAP might provide a new technology alternative to ionophores.

An assessment of gene-by-gene interactions as a tool to unfold missing heritability in dyslexia.

Even if substantial heritability has been reported and candidate genes have been identified extensively, all known marker associations explain only a small proportion of the phenotypic variance of developmental dyslexia (DD) and related quantitative phenotypes. Gene-by-gene interaction (also known as "epistasis"--G × G) triggers a non-additive effect of genes at different loci and should be taken into account in explaining part of the missing heritability of this complex trait. We assessed potential G × G interactions among five DD candidate genes, i.e., DYX1C1, DCDC2, KIAA0319, ROBO1, and GRIN2B, upon DD-related neuropsychological phenotypes in 493 nuclear families with DD, by implementing two complementary regression-based approaches: (1) a general linear model equation whereby the trait is predicted by the main effect of the number of rare alleles of the two genes and by the effect of the interaction between them, and (2) a family-based association test to detect G × G interactions between two unlinked markers by splitting up the association effect into a between- and a within-family genetic orthogonal components. After applying 500,000 permutations and correcting for multiple testing, both methods show that G × G effects between markers within the DYX1C1, KIAA0319/TTRAP, and GRIN2B genes lower the memory letters composite z-score of on average 0.55 standard deviation. We provided initial evidence that the effects of familial transmission of synergistic interactions between genetic risk variants can be exploited in the study of the etiology of DD, explain part of its missing heritability, and assist in designing customized charts of individualized neurocognitive impairments in complex disorders, such as DD.

Organic selenium supplementation increases PHGPx but does not improve viability in chilled boar semen.

This study evaluated the effects of dietary organic selenium (Se) on viability of chilled boar semen. Twelve boars were divided into three groups: control (CON), 0.3 mg kg(-1) sodium selenite; inorganic (INO), 0.5 mg kg(-1) sodium selenite and organic (ORG), 0.5 mg kg(-1) Se yeast. The experiment was conducted within 10 weeks, and analysis was performed fortnightly, in storage semen by 72 h. No effect was observed on motility; however, straightness and linearity percentages were higher (P < 0.05) in the animals receiving CON diet compared with INO group. Percentages of cells with both plasma and acrosomal intact membranes, lipidic membrane peroxidation and mitochondrial membrane potential were similar on all treatments. Animals receiving CON diet presented higher (P < 0.05) values of ATP when compared with INO group. The PHGPx was higher (P < 0.05) in animals that received ORG in comparison with INO group. In conclusion, organic selenium supplementation increases PHGPx but does not improve chilled semen viability in 72 h.

Gonadotropin-induced puberty does not impair reproductive performance of gilts over three parities.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the reproductive performance of three parities of gilts treated or not treated with gonadotropin to induce puberty. Sixty gilts received 600 IU of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) followed by 2.5 mg of porcine luteinizing hormone (LH) 72 h later. Fifty-nine other gilts were exposed only to a mature boar for 15 min twice daily. Artificial insemination (AI) was performed at 0, 12 and 24 h after the detection of oestrus, and gestation was confirmed by ultrasound after 35 days. Sows were inseminated at the first post-weaning oestrus. The total numbers of piglets born, piglets born alive, stillborn, mummified foetuses, as well as pregnancy and farrowing rates were evaluated for each of the three parities. Culling rates, farrowing intervals and weaning-to-oestrous intervals (WEI) were also analysed. Mean age at puberty and oestrous manifestation were not significantly different between treatments (p = 0.0639; 179.20 ± 17.52 compared with 173.96 ± 16.94, 91.66% compared with 94.92%) across the experimental period. However, females that underwent puberty induction showed modest increases both in the number of total pigs born and in the number of piglets born alive. In conclusion, puberty induction through exogenous gonadotropin administration in field conditions did not induce a more concentrated first oestrous manifestation, but trended to a modest increase in the number of pigs born alive in the first parity and a reduced culling rate during the first gestation.

Programa de prevención de Salud Mental en Atención Primaria pediátrica: un estudio piloto / A Mental Health Prevention Program in Pediatric Primary Care: A pilot study

Introducción: los trastornos mentales en la infancia son el motivo de consulta no orgánica más importante y el grupo de condiciones crónicas más común atendido en las consultas de Atención Primaria pediátrica. La detección e intervención precoz de estos problemas favorece una rápida recuperación, resultando a largo plazo en una menor carga asistencial. Método: en el Centro de Salud de Ventura Rodríguez se ha desarrollado un programa piloto con 16 cuidadores principales de los niños y niñas de cero a cinco años, que acudían a las consultas de Pediatría. El programa se llevó a cabo en dos grupos, siguiendo un formato de escuela de padres. Para cada grupo se realizaron dos sesiones de hora y media de duración en las que se combinaron contenidos teóricos con actividades prácticas. Resultados: en el primer grupo se reflejaron valoraciones positivas acerca de la utilidad de los contenidos y se consideró viable la continuidad del programa. En el segundo grupo, el 100% de los participantes evaluó el grupo como "bueno" o "muy bueno" y consideró útil toda la información del programa. Conclusiones: los resultados de este programa fueron satisfactorios, lo cual apoya la necesidad de seguir desarrollando actividades de prevención y colaboración entre Salud Mental y Atención Primaria pediátrica (AU)

Introduction: childhood mental disorders are the most important non-organic reasons for consultation and the most common chronic conditions attended in Pediatric Primary Care. Early detection and intervention may prevent or ameliorate the development of these disorders and reduce healthcare burden in the long run. Methods: we designed a parenting program for 16 parents or principal caregivers of 0-5-aged children. Participants were recruited from the Pediatric Primary Care services of the Ventura Rodriguez Health Center in Madrid. Participants were divided into two groups according to their children's™s age. Our program was carried out in two sessions of one hour and a half combining theoretical contents and practical activities. Results: in the first group, we obtained positive qualitative results regarding the usefulness of the addressed contents and the viability of the program. Quantitative data showed that 100% participants in the second group assessed the program as "Good" or "Very Good" and considered useful all the information provided in the program. Conclusion: our results support the necessity of implementing prevention activities in the field of childhood mental health. It is also important to promote cooperation between Pediatric Primary Care and Mental Health services

The association between exercise enjoyment and physical activity in women with fibromyalgia.

Evidence suggests the role of physical activity (PA) in management of clinical symptoms of fibromyalgia. However, very little is known regarding the psychological correlates of PA in patients with fibromyalgia. Therefore, this study examined the association between exercise enjoyment (EE) and PA in women with fibromyalgia. 19 women with fibromyalgia completed a laboratory session, where EE was assessed using a self-report questionnaire immediately after 20 min of light-intensity biking. Muscle pain ratings (MPR) in the legs were assessed during exercise, and changes in clinical pain intensity after exercise were computed. PA was assessed subjectively using a self-report questionnaire and objectively using an accelerometer for one week. Results from correlation analyses indicated that EE was associated with the self-reported amount of PA (rs=0.61, R(2)=0.37, p<0.01) and the minutes spent for moderate intensity PA (rs=0.48, R(2)=0.23, p<0.05). However, neither MPR nor changes in clinical pain intensity were associated with PA. These results suggest that EE may serve as a determinant of PA in women with fibromyalgia. Future research is needed to develop interventions to maximize EE to promote PA in this clinical population.

Contribuição da inclusão de polpa cítrica e casca de soja para a qualidade da silagem de resíduo úmido de cervejaria / Contribution of citrus pulp and soybean hulls for silage quality of brewery waste

Com o objetivo de avaliar a produção da silagem e o uso de aditivos no processo de ensilagem do resíduo úmido de cervejaria, foram realizados 5 tratamentos: controle (C: ensilagem de 100% de resíduo úmido de cervejaria); PC15 (15% de polpa cítrica); PC30 (30% de polpa cítrica); CS15 (15% de casca de soja); CS30 (30% de casca de soja) - com base na matéria fresca do resíduo de cervejaria. As silagens foram confeccionadas em baldes plásticos com 252mm de altura e 245mm de diâmetro (0,06174m³), e amostras foram coletadas para análises bromatológicas, pH, nitrogênio amoniacal, digestão in vitro de matéria seca, ácidos orgânicos e perfil microbiológico. Os resultados foram analisados pelo programa computacional Statistical Analysis System (Statistical..., 1985), sendo verificada a normalidade dos resíduos pelo Teste de Shapiro-Wilk (PROC UNIVARIATE), e as variâncias, pelo Teste de Hartley. Os efeitos dos níveis de adição foram separados por meio de contrastes polinomiais utilizando o nível de significância de 5%. Houve aumento do teor de matéria seca, carboidratos solúveis, ácido lático, digestão in vitro de matéria seca, da população de bactérias ácido láticas e redução do pH, ácido butírico, propiônico e nitrogênio amoniacal a partir das inclusões de polpa cítrica e casca de soja, sendo os melhores resultados encontrados para o tratamento com inclusão de 30% de polpa cítrica (P<0,05). A ensilagem do bagaço de malte por si só é uma alternativa para o produtor rural como suporte alimentar e confecção de silagem de qualidade que pode ser incrementada com o uso de aditivos a serem avaliados de acordo com a relação custo-benefício para eficiência da produção.

In order to evaluate the production and use of silage additives in ensiling process of brewery residue were distributed in a completely randomized 5 treatments and 4 replicates: control (C: 100% silage brewery residue); PC15 (15% citrus pulp), PC30 (30% citrus pulp), CS15 (15% soybean hulls), CS30 (30% soybean hulls) - based on the fresh matter brewer. The material was ensiled in plastic buckets with 252 mm height and 245mm in diameter (0.06174m³) and samples were collected for chemical analyzes, pH, ammonia nitrogen, digestion "in vitro" dry matter, organic acids and microbial profile. The results were analyzed by the computer program Statistical Analysis System ( Statistical... , 1985), and verified the normality of residuals by the Shapiro-Wilk (PROC univariate) and the variances for the Test of Hartley. The effects of addition levels were separated by means of contrasts polynomial using a significance level of 5%. There was an increase in dry matter content, soluble carbohydrates, lactic acid, digestion "in vitro" dry matter, the population of lactic acid bacteria and reduced pH, butyric acid, propionic acid and ammonia nitrogen from the inclusion of citrus pulp and peel soybean, being the best results for the treatment including 30% of citrus pulp (P<0.05). The ensiling of spent grain by itself is an alternative for farmers as food support and making silage quality can be enhanced with the use of additives to be evaluated according to the cost: benefit ratio for production efficiency.

An assessment of gene-by-environment interactions in developmental dyslexia-related phenotypes.

While the genetic and environmental contributions to developmental dyslexia (DD) have been studied extensively, the effects of identified genetic risk susceptibility and of specified environmental hazardous factors have usually been investigated separately. We assessed potential gene-by-environment (GxE) interactions on DD-related reading, spelling and memory phenotypes. The presence of GxE effects were investigated for the DYX1C1, DCDC2, KIAA0319 and ROBO1 genes, and for seven specified environmental moderators in 165 nuclear families in which at least one member had DD, by implementing a general test for GxE interaction in sib-pair-based association analysis of quantitative traits. Our results support a diathesis-stress model for both reading and memory composites: GxE effects were found between some specified environmental moderators (i.e. maternal smoke during pregnancy, birth weight and socio-economic status) and the DYX1C1-1259C/G marker. We have provided initial evidence that the joint analysis of identified genetic risk susceptibility and measured putative risk factors can be exploited in the study of the etiology of DD and reading-related neuropsychological phenotypes, and may assist in identifying/preventing the occurrence of DD.