Philadelphia versus Miami-J cervical collar's impact on pulmonary function.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of two types of cervical collars (Philadelphia and Miami-J) on pulmonary function and ventilation in healthy volunteers through spirometry, peak flow meter, and capnograph. METHOD: Initially, subjects were randomized into two groups in which the sequence of collars' fixation was reversed. Afterward, we assessed the pulmonary parameters without a cervical collar in all participants. Each group underwent two additional test conditions, including measurements after wearing a Philadelphia and Miami-J cervical collar. In any case, we took the measurements half an hour after the collar fixation. RESULTS: The mean age of participants was 48.34 ± 1.35 years. Following either type of collars application, there was a statistically significant decrease in FEV1, FEV1/FVC, FEF25-75%, and PEF (p < .001). However, FVC was not significantly changed (p = .157). CONCLUSION: In summary, we noted a statistically significant expiratory flow obstruction after both the Philadelphia and Miami-J cervical collar. These changes were not clinically significant in healthy volunteers, albeit may have ramifications in patients with pre-existing respiratory compromise.

Chitosan biomaterials application in dentistry.

Chitosan is a natural biopolymer derived from deacetylation of chitin and it has been investigated with interdisciplinary approaches for multitude applications. Chitosan biomaterials possess unique properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-toxicity, muco-adhesion and a wide range of antibacterial and antifungal activity. Additionally, chitosan is the only cationic polysaccharide in nature and can be chemically modified to derivatives, based on the aim of function and application. The distinctive properties of chitosan and its derivatives have aroused interest in pharmaceutical industries and biomedical fields worldwide. This review discusses the crucial role of chitosan in production of bio-dental materials and accentuates its current profitable utilizations in oral drug delivery system, bone tissue engineering for treatment of periodontitis and dentin-pulp regeneration. Chemical modifications and incorporation of diverse bioactive molecules in order to improve the mechanical and biological characteristics of chitosan have also been discussed.

Intrathoracic Displacement of Fractured Right Humeral Head: A Case Report.

Intrathoracic displacement of the humeral head is a very uncommon condition and can be life threatening due to lung or heart injuries. There is a report of this condition where intrathoracic bone fragment was missed. Because of rare incidence there is no guideline for approach and treatment of this condition. We hereby present a case of intrathoracic displacement of fractured humeral head in a man due to a car roll-over accident. This condition requires a concise team workup of trauma and orthopedic surgeons along with the physical therapists for the best possible decision making. Displaced fractured humoral head into the thorax is a rare condition that needs more punctuality for on time diagnosis and team approach.

Study of combining virtual screening and antiviral treatments of the Sars-CoV-2 (Covid-19).

The recent epidemic outbreak of a novel human coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2 and causing the respiratory tract disease COVID-19 has reached worldwide resonance and a global effort is being undertaken to characterize the molecular features and evolutionary origins of this virus. Therefore, rapid and accurate identification of pathogenic viruses plays a vital role in selecting appropriate treatments, saving people's lives and preventing epidemics. Additionally, general treatments, coronavirus-specific treatments, and antiviral treatments useful in fighting COVID-19 are addressed. This review sets out to shed light on the SARS-CoV-2 and host receptor recognition, a crucial factor for successful virus infection and taking immune-informatics approaches to identify B- and T-cell epitopes for surface glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2. A variety of improved or new approaches also have been developed. It is anticipated that this will assist researchers and clinicians in developing better techniques for timely and effective detection of coronavirus infection. Moreover, the genomic sequence of the virus responsible for COVID-19, as well as the experimentally determined three-dimensional structure of the Main protease (Mpro) is available. The reported structure of the target Mpro was described in this review to identify potential drugs for COVID-19 using virtual high throughput screening.

Clinical manifestation, diagnosis, prevention and control of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) during the outbreak period.

The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19), spreading from Wuhan, China, is one of the causes of respiratory infections that can spread to other people through respiratory particles, and can cause symptoms such as fever, dry cough, shortness of breath, anorexia, fatigue and sore throat in infected patients. This review summarizes current strategies on the diagnosis. Additionally, treatments, infection prevention and control of the SARS-CoV-2 are addressed. In addition to the respiratory system, this virus can infect the digestive system, the urinary system and the haematological system, which causes to observe the virus in the stool, urine and blood samples in addition to throat sample. The SARS-CoV-2 causes changes in blood cells and factors and makes lung abnormalities in patients, which can be detected by serological, molecular, and radiological techniques by detecting these changes and injuries. Radiological and serological methods are the most preferred among the other methods and the radiological method is the most preferred one which can diagnose the infection quickly and accurately with fewer false-negatives, that can be effective in protecting the patient's life by initiating treatment and preventing the transmission of infection to other people.

Protection and disinfection policies against SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19).

In late December 2019, reports from China of the incidence of pneumonia with unknown etiology were sent to the World Health Organization (WHO). Shortly afterwards, the cause of this disease was identified as the novel beta-coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, and its genetic sequence was published on January 12, 2020. Human-to-human transmission via respiratory droplets and contact with aerosol infected surfaces are the major ways of transmitting this virus. Here we attempted to collect information on virus stability in the air and on surfaces and ways of preventing of SARS-CoV-2 spreading.