ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to assess how the different seasons of the year impact the botanical composition, availability, and quality of forage in the caatinga, as well as the frequency of ingestion and ingestive behavior of goats in a semi-arid region. The experiment used four crossbred castrated males, with an average weight of 30.2 ± 4.76 kg and an average age of 20 months. The experimental period lasted for 12 months, encompassing two rainy seasons and one dry season within this timeframe, with three replications (data collection) per season. All collected forage was categorized based on its stratum (herbaceous, woody, and litter), and a chemical composition analysis was conducted. The goats' behavior was assessed by observing variables such as feeding time, idleness, rumination, displacement, social interaction, and water intake. The findings revealed clear seasonality in both availability and quality of forage, consequently influencing the botanical composition of the goats' diet and their ingestive behavior. In addition, during the grazing period, the goats showed a shift grazing habit, in which idle and feeding peaks were alternated with increased displacement during the morning and rumination in the afternoon. The seasons of the year strongly impact the availability and nutritional quality of forage in the caatinga biome, consequently influencing the ingestive behavior and dietary composition of goats in this ecosystem.
Subject(s)
Ecosystem , Goats , Animals , Male , Seasons , Data Collection , Hybridization, GeneticABSTRACT
Crude glycerin from the biodiesel industry is a alternative energy source used to replace part of the energy components of the diet, since the nutritional value of glycerol makes it suitable for use in ruminant diets. The objective was to analyze the effects including crude glycerin (CG) derived from the production of biodiesel from residual frying oil, in diets of lactating goats on the physicochemical and microbiological parameters of rumen fluid. Eight 2-year-old goats weighting approximately 42.06 ± 3.5 kg of body weight (BW) were kept in individual stalls, receiving diets containing 0, 7, 14 and 21% of CG (% DM). The experiment was carried out according to a double 4 × 4 Latin square and lasted for 80 days. Orthogonal contrasts were tested to determine linear and quadratic effects, as well as the effects of 0% CG in the diet in comparison to the other treatments. There was a linear decreasing effect on DM intake (P = 0.001) and neutral detergent fiber (P = 0.0001), as well as a quadratic effect (P = 0.0002) on ether extract (EE) intake with increasing level of CG in the diet. Including CG affected motility and density of the protozoa (P = 0.0001). Treatments had no effect on pH, N-NH3 concentration and percentage of protozoa in the rumen liquid. There was increasing linear effect on sedimentation and flotation time (P = 0.001). Therefore, including 14 and 21% CG in the diet as a source of glycerol decreased nutrient intake and altered the ruminal microbiota, but pH and N-NH3 were not affected. Thus, to avoid impairment to the physicochemical and microbiological parameters of the rumen liquid of goats, the inclusion of CG should not exceed 7% DM.
Subject(s)
Biofuels , Glycerol , Animals , Female , Lactation , Rumen , Diet/veterinary , GoatsABSTRACT
O trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de desenvolver geleias de jenipapo e acerola, produzidas com 0,5 e 1,0% de pectina metoxilada, para recheio de queijo tipo coalho trufado. Foram avaliadas as características físico químicas, como pH, acidez total titulável, sólidos solúveis totais, umidade, cinzas e, ácido ascórbico. Após confecção dos queijos estes foram submetidos à análise sensorial através da aparência, cor, sabor e textura, bem como intenção de compra. A metodologia abordada para demonstração dos dados foi a estatística descritiva. O uso de geleias para recheio de queijo tipo coalho trufado tem potencial para exploração comercial, visto a manutenção das características organolépticas e de aceitabilidade pelo consumidor, sendo que o uso do queijo trufado com geleia de acerola demonstrou maior potencial de vida de prateleira.
Subject(s)
Fruit Jam , Malpighiaceae , Pectins , Cheese , RubiaceaeABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of different levels of dietary supplementation and reproductive stages on dry matter intake, digestibility, milk production, and mineral metabolism in Santa Inês hair ewes. Two dietary supplement levels of 0.5 and 1.5%, based on body weight, were used. A total of 12 hair ewes (six subjected to 0.5 and six subjected to 1.5% of concentrate supplementation based on body weight-BW) of the Santa Inês breed were evaluated in a completely randomized design with fixed effects of supplementation level, period, and its interactions. Dry matter intake, digestibility, milk production, and mineral metabolism (calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), type I insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I), parathyroid hormone (PTH), and osteocalcin (OC)) were assessed. Dry matter digestibility was affected by the supplementation level (during both pregnancy and lactation), with higher values in ewes fed at a level of 1.5% of BW. A significant interaction between treatment × reproductive stages was found for the Mg concentration. A period effect (P < 0.05) on serum concentrations of P, Ca/P, Mg, and IGF-I was observed. Serum P concentrations were influenced (P < 0.05) by treatments and reproductive stages. There were significant differences in the Ca/P ratio among the reproductive stages. The enzymatic activity of ALP and serum IGFI differed among reproductive stages. Ewes supplemented at a level of 1.5% of BW produced 18.5% more milk than ewes supplemented at a level of 0.5% of BW. The use of 0.5% of body weight in concentrate supplementation is recommended for the reduction of production costs, without having an effect on the mineral metabolism of Santa Inês hair ewes.
Subject(s)
Dietary Supplements , Eating , Lactation/blood , Micronutrients/blood , Pregnancy, Animal/blood , Animals , Body Weight , Breeding , Calcium, Dietary , Female , Milk , Phosphorus, Dietary , Postpartum Period , Pregnancy , Reproduction , SheepABSTRACT
Foi estudada a composiçäo centesimal da carne de cordeiros submetidos a três dietas com diferentes níveis de concentrado. Foram utilizados 18 cordeiros, machos näo castrados, da raça Morada Nova, com peso vivo médio inicial de 15kg. As dietas constituíram-se em: D1 - 60 por cento de concentrado (C) e 40 por cento de volumoso (V); D2 - 45 por cento de C e 55 por cento de V e D3 - 30 por cento de C e 70 por cento de V. Quando os animais que recebiam a D1 atingiam 25kg de peso vivo, o respectivo lote, formado por três animais, era abatido. As carcaças foram refrigeradas a 4ºC por 24 horas. A meia carcaça esquerda foi seccionada em cinco cortes: pescoço, paleta, costelas, lombo e perna. As pernas foram dissecadas para a obtençäo do músculo Semimembranosus, no qual foi determinada a composiçäo centesimal. Os níveis de concentrado na dieta näo afetaram o teor de umidade, matéria mineral e gordura da carne ovina, porém afetaram (P<0,05) o teor de proteína. As dietas com 30 e 60 por cento de concentrado propiciaram mesmo teor de proteína na carne.
