ABSTRACT
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an aggressive neurodegenerative disorder that selectively attacks motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord. Despite important advances in the knowledge of the etiology and progression of the disease, there are still no solid grounds in which a clinician could make an early objective and reliable diagnosis from which patients could benefit. Diagnosis is difficult and basically made by clinical rating scales (ALSRs and El Escorial). The possible finding of biomarkers to aid in the early diagnosis and rate of disease progression could serve for future innovative therapeutic approaches. Recently, it has been suggested that ALS has an important immune component that could represent either the cause or the consequence of the disease. In this report, we analyzed 19 different cytokines and growth factors in the cerebrospinal fluid of 77 ALS patients and 13 controls by decision tree and PanelomiX program. Results showed an increase of Adipsin, MIP-1b, and IL-6, associated with a decrease of IL-8 thresholds, related with ALS patients. This biomarker panel analysis could represent an important aid for diagnosis of ALS alongside the clinical and neurophysiological criteria.
Subject(s)
Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/cerebrospinal fluid , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/cerebrospinal fluid , Complement Factor D/cerebrospinal fluid , Interleukin-8/cerebrospinal fluid , Adult , Biomarkers/cerebrospinal fluid , Case-Control Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
Actualmente la nano-odontología pareciera una situación de fi cción, sin embargo los avancescientífi cos en la nanotecnología para la mejor comprensión de la relación que existe entre las nanoestructuras de las piezas dentarias y los microorganismos colonizadores, abre una inmensavariedad de oportunidades y posibilidades que podrían revolucionar el mundo de la odontología,como es el que se podría mantener una salud oral integral, mediante el empleo de biomateriales,incorporando a la ingeniería tisular y nanorobots. Cuando los nanorobots dentales puedan ser manufacturados en 5 a 10 años, estos instrumentos permitirán el control exacto de la anestesia oral, el reemplazo dental y la odontología reconstructiva de precisión a escala nanométrica. Asimismonuevos prospectos terapéuticos serían factibles utilizando los dentrifi corobots monitorizados. En este artículo se hace una prospectiva y revisión de las aplicaciones de la nanotecnología en laodontología, y cómo la nanotecnología esta permitiendo un gran aporte al desarrollo de nuevos mecanismos y materiales en la medicina oral.
Currently, nano-dentistry would seem to be a fi ctional topic, but scientifi c advances in nanotechnology in order to better understand the relationship between tooth nanostructures and colonizing microorganisms provides a vast array of opportunities and possibilities that could revolutionize the world of dentistry. Complete oral health through the use of biomaterials, tissue engineering and nanorobots could be possible. When dental nanorobots can be manufactured in 5 to 10 years, these instruments will allow specifi cally controlled oral analgesia, dental replacement and nanometerscaleprecision restorative dentistry. New therapeutic prospects will be feasible utilizing motorized dentirobots. This article is a prospective review of the applications of molecular engineering techniques in dentistry and how these new tools can provide valuable support to the developmentof new dental biomaterials.
Subject(s)
Humans , Nanotechnology , Oral MedicineABSTRACT
BACKGROUND/AIM: There is not enough information regarding risk factors for renal graft loss in Mexico and Latin America. The aim of this study was to analyze risk factors associated with graft loss in our renal transplant (RT) population. METHODS: Clinical records of 326 patients with a first RT performed between August/76 and June/99 were reviewed. Clinical and laboratory variables were recorded, as well as the final patient and renal function status. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Survival analysis by Kaplan-Meier method; mortality risk by multivariate Cox's proportional hazard model. RESULTS: At the end of the study, 275 patients were alive, 30 were dead, 21 lost to follow-up; 65 patients (20%) had reinitiated dialysis. Patient survival at 1, 3, 5, 8, and 10 years was 92%, 86%, 81%, 77%, and 77%, respectively. Graft survival at 1, 3, 5, 8, and 10 years was 87%, 73%, 64%, 50%, and 47%, respectively. In the univariate analysis, the following were significantly associated (p < 0.05) with graft loss: acute rejection episodes, cadaveric donors, and HLA haplotype mismatches. In the multivariate analysis, only acute rejection (RR 2.12, p = 0.002) and a lower HLA haplotype matching (RR 0.37, p = 0.002) predicted graft loss. CONCLUSIONS: In Mexican population, graft survival was similar to the reported in developed countries. The main risk factors for long-term graft failure were acute rejection and HLA haplotype mismatching.
Subject(s)
Kidney Transplantation/mortality , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Cohort Studies , Female , Graft Survival , Humans , Male , Mexico , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Survival Rate , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Paciente femenina de 39 años de edad con diagnóstico de Siringomielia a la que se le realiza cesárea. Se presenta el manejo anestésico y se discute el caso