Tratamiento combinado de Espongostan® y Mepitel® en heridas con pérdida de sustancia y abundante sangrado / Combined treatment of Espongostan® and Mepitel® in wounds with loss of substance and abundant bleeding: a case series

Objetivo: Las heridas por pérdida de sustancia en las yemas de los dedos son dolorosas, incapacitantes y sangran abundantemente. El tratamiento recomendado es a base de Espongostan®, aunque este producto puede combinarse con Mepitel®. La combinación de ambos tratamientos podría reducir el dolor y minimizar el sangrado en curas sucesivas. El objetivo de este estudio es describir la aplicación del tratamiento combinado de Espongostan® y Mepitel®. Además, se describirá la evolución del dolor y el sangrado en estos pacientes. Descripción del caso: Se aplicó el tratamiento combinado a 6 pacientes con heridas de pérdida de sustancia en las yemas de los dedos. Resultados: La escala EVA se mantuvo en valores moderados o se redujo a leve en curas sucesivas. Los pacientes no describen signos de dolor destacables al retirar el Espongostan®. Por otro lado, el sangrado remitió antes de 8 días. La tasa promedio de remisión del sangrado se situó en 1 caso por 4 días. Conclusión: La cura combinada es altamente positiva para minimizar el dolor y el sangrado, reduciendo por consiguiente las molestias derivadas sobre los pacientes. (AU)

Objective: Loss of substance wounds on the pads of the fingers are painful, disabling, and have profuse bleeding. The recommended treatment is based on Espongostan®, although this product may be combined with Mepitel ®. The combination of both treatments could reduce pain and minimize bleeding in successive cures. The objective of this study is to describe the application of the combined treatment of Espongostan® and Mepitel®. In addition, the evolution of pain and bleeding in these patients will be described. Description of the case: We applied the combined treatment to 6 patients with loss of substance wounds on the pads of the fingers. Results: The VAS scale remained at moderate values or was reduced to mild in successive cures. Patients do not describe noticeable signs of pain when removing the Espongostan®. Bleeding subsided before 8 days. The average bleeding remission rate was 1 case per 4 days. Conclusion: The combined cure is highly positive for minimizing pain, bleeding and reducing discomfort caused to patients. (AU)

Compliance with Dietary Recommendations and Sociodemographic Factors in a Cross-Sectional Study of Natives and Immigrants in Spain.

To analyze compliance with dietary recommendations (DR) based on the Mediterranean Diet among natives and immigrants in Spain. A cross-sectional study was carried out using the Platform of Longitudinal Studies of Immigrant Families comparing immigrant workers from Colombia, Ecuador and Morocco with Spanish workers. Adjusted odds ratios (ORa) of sufficient compliance with DR were obtained by sociodemographic variables. We also obtained the adjusted difference in means (DMa) for foods for which there was compliance with DR. Moroccans had greater compliance for meat (ORa = 7.22), eggs (ORa = 5.03) and cured-meats (ORa = 89.78). Ecuadorians for sweets (ORa = 4.03) and Spaniards for natural-juices and dairy-products. Moroccans had the greatest compliance in terms of the number of foods (DMa = 1.53), while Colombians had the least (DMa = - 0.95). Men (DMa = - 0.98), those with primary or incomplete primary education (DMa = - 0.83) and single-parent families (DMa = - 0.58) showed lower compliance. Compliance with DR was low among both Spaniards and immigrants, despite differences in levels of compliance, especially between Moroccans and Colombians.

Factores que influyen en la dieta y los hábitos alimentarios de la población inmigrante china en Cataluña / Factors that influence the diet and eating habits of Chinese immigrant population in Catalonia (Spain)

OBJETIVO: Caracterizar la dieta y los hábitos alimentarios de las personas adultas inmigrantes de origen chino residentes en Santa Coloma de Gramenet (Barcelona), e identificar los factores que influyen en los posibles cambios en la dieta y en los hábitos alimentarios. MÉTODO: Estudio cualitativo realizado en 2017 mediante un grupo de discusión con ocho personas adultas de origen chino (un hombre y siete mujeres). Se complementó la información con cinco entrevistas a informantes clave (tres hombres y dos mujeres) y observación no participante en talleres monográficos de promoción de la salud realizados a población china en un centro sanitario en Santa Coloma de Gramenet. RESULTADOS: Las personas adultas chinas realizaban tres comidas al día y tendían a picar entre horas. Su dieta se basaba en el consumo de arroz, soja y proteínas de origen vegetal. Raramente consumían leche y derivados, y destacó el consumo de aperitivos, bebidas azucaradas y bollería, así como la incorporación de alimentos del país de acogida, nuevos platos y técnicas de cocción. Intentaban mantener su dieta de origen, pero se identificaron barreras para lograrlo, como la preferencia de la dieta local por parte de los/las hijos/as, los horarios laborales y la falta de tiempo. CONCLUSIONES: Se observa una tendencia hacia la aculturación dietética. Es necesario realizar actividades de promoción de la salud dirigidas a las familias chinas para mejorar los aspectos más deficientes de su dieta y de sus hábitos alimentarios, y alentarles a reducir el consumo de aperitivos y productos azucarados

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the diet and eating habits of adult immigrants of Chinese origin residing in Santa Coloma de Gramenet (Barcelona, Spain), and to identify the factors that influence the changes in diet and eating habits. METHOD: Qualitative study conducted in 2017 through a discussion group with eight adults of Chinese origin (one man and seven women). The information was complemented by five interviews with key informants (three men and two women) and non-participant observation in health promotion workshops aimed at Chinese patients of a health center in Santa Coloma de Gramenet. RESULTS: Chinese adults made three meals a day and tended to snack between meals. Their diet was based on rice, soy and proteins of vegetable origin. Participants rarely consumed milk and milk derivatives but highlighted their consumption of snacks, sugary drinks and pastries, as well as the incorporation of foods, new dishes and cooking techniques from the host country. The Chinese immigrants tried to maintain their diet of origin, however there were various barriers to this, such as the preference of the local diet by the children, work schedules and lack of time. CONCLUSIONS: A tendency towards dietary acculturation is observed among the participants. Health promotion activities aimed at Chinese families are needed to improve aspects of their diet and eating habits, aiming to reduce the consumption of snacks and sugary products

[Factors that influence the diet and eating habits of Chinese immigrant population in Catalonia (Spain)]. / Factores que influyen en la dieta y los hábitos alimentarios de la población inmigrante china en Cataluña.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the diet and eating habits of adult immigrants of Chinese origin residing in Santa Coloma de Gramenet (Barcelona, Spain), and to identify the factors that influence the changes in diet and eating habits. METHOD: Qualitative study conducted in 2017 through a discussion group with eight adults of Chinese origin (one man and seven women). The information was complemented by five interviews with key informants (three men and two women) and non-participant observation in health promotion workshops aimed at Chinese patients of a health center in Santa Coloma de Gramenet. RESULTS: Chinese adults made three meals a day and tended to snack between meals. Their diet was based on rice, soy and proteins of vegetable origin. Participants rarely consumed milk and milk derivatives but highlighted their consumption of snacks, sugary drinks and pastries, as well as the incorporation of foods, new dishes and cooking techniques from the host country. The Chinese immigrants tried to maintain their diet of origin, however there were various barriers to this, such as the preference of the local diet by the children, work schedules and lack of time. CONCLUSIONS: A tendency towards dietary acculturation is observed among the participants. Health promotion activities aimed at Chinese families are needed to improve aspects of their diet and eating habits, aiming to reduce the consumption of snacks and sugary products.

Evolución temporal de la incidencia por incapacidad temporal de origen común según tramos de duración (2009-2018) / Time series of non-work related sickness absence incidence by subgroups of duration (2009-2018)

OBJETIVO: Describir la evolución temporal (2009-2018) de la incidencia de la incapacidad temporal por contingencia común (ITCC) según tramos de duración en España. MÉTODOS: Se consideraron casos de ITCC de la población afiliada de una mutua laboral. Se obtuvo la incidencia global de la incapacidad temporal por ITCC y por tramos de duración. Se realizó un estudio ecológico de series temporales considerando un punto de inflexión en 2013. Se calculó el porcentaje de cambio anual e intervalo de confianza del 95%. Los análisis se estratificaron por edad y sexo. RESULTADOS: La incidencia global pasó de 35,3 casos por cada 100 trabajadores-año en 2009 a 25,2 en 2013. A partir del 2014 se observa un ascenso sostenido de la incidencia de ITCC, finalizando el 2018 con 34,1 casos por cada 100 trabajadores-año. La incidencia global está determinada fundamentalmente por procesos menores a 16 días en población joven. El descenso en 2009-2013 se produjo en todos los tramos de duración, en especial en 4 a 15 (PCA = -11,2; IC 95% = (-14,1 a -8,2)) y más de 90 días (PCA = -9,4; IC 95% = (-15,5 a -2,8)), principalmente en jóvenes. El ascenso en 2013-2018 se observó en todos los tramos, siendo el incremento más significativo en tramos de 1-3 días (trabajadores de menor edad: PCA = 18,9; IC 95% = (14,8 a 23,2)) y en más de 90 días (principalmente en mayores). CONCLUSIONES: La descripción temporal de la incidencia de ITCC por tramos de duración ofrece una información detallada de la incapacidad temporal

OBJECTIVE: We describe time trend incidence (2009-2018) of non-work related Sickness Absence (SA) segmented by duration of episodes in Spain. METHODS: We used SA cases from a health insurance company ("mutua") in Spain. Overall non-work related SA incidence and incidence by duration of episodes (1-3 days, 4-15 days, 16-30 days, 31-90 days and> 90 days) were obtained. A time series ecological study was carried out with an inflection point in 2013. The annual percentage of change and 95% confidence interval were obtained. The analyses were stratified by age and sex. RESULTS: Overall incidence went from 35.3 cases per 100 workers-years in 2009 to 25.2 in 2013. From 2014, there is a sustained rise in the incidence of ITCC, ending 2018 with 34.1 cases per 100 workers-years. The overall incidence is determined mainly by processes less than 16 days in young population. The decrease in 2009-2013 occurred in all the duration segments, especially in 4 to 15 (APC = -11,2; 95% CI = (-14,1 a -8,2)) and more than 90 days (APC = -9,4; 95% CI = (-15,5 a -2,8)), mainly in young people. The rise in 2013-2018 was observed in all the segments, with the largest significant increase in sections of 1-3 days (younger workers: APC = 18,9; 95% CI = (14,8 a 23,2)) and in more than 90 days (mainly in older ones). Time trend of SA showed similar pattern in both sexes. CONCLUSIONS:Time trend analysis of SA incidence by duration segments offers a detailed information of SA. These results are useful for professionals in the prevention and management of SA

[Time series of non-work related sickness absence incidence by subgroups of duration (2009-2018)]. / Evolución temporal de la incidencia por incapacidad temporal de origen común según tramos de duración (2009-2018).

OBJECTIVE: We describe time trend incidence (2009-2018) of non-work related Sickness Absence(SA) segmented by duration of episodes in Spain. METHODS: We used SA cases from a health insurance company ("mutua") in Spain. Overall non-work related SA incidence and incidence by duration of episodes (1-3 days, 4-15 days, 16-30 days, 31-90 days and> 90 days) were obtained. A time series ecological study was carried out with an inflection point in 2013. The annual percentage of change and 95% confidence interval were obtained. The analyses were stratified by age and sex. RESULTS: Overall incidence went from 35.3 cases per 100 workers-years in 2009 to 25.2 in 2013. From 2014, there is a sustained rise in the incidence of ITCC, ending 2018 with 34.1 cases per 100 workers-years. The overall incidence is determined mainly by processes less than 16 days in young population. The decrease in 2009-2013 occurred in all the duration segments, especially in 4 to 15 (APC=-11,2; 95% CI=(-14,1 a -8,2)) and more than 90 days (APC =-9,4; 95% CI =(-15,5 a -2,8)), mainly in young people. The rise in 2013-2018 was observed in all the segments, with the largest significant increase in sections of 1-3 days(younger workers: APC =18,9; 95% CI =(14,8 a 23,2)) and in more than 90 days (mainly in older ones). Time trend of SA showed similar pattern in both sexes. CONCLUSIONS: Time trend analysis of SA incidence by duration segments offers a detailed information of SA. These results are useful for professionals in the prevention and management of SA.

OBJETIVO: Describir la evolución temporal (2009-2018) de la incidencia de la incapacidad temporal por contingencia común (ITCC) según tramos de duración en España. MÉTODOS: Se consideraron casos de ITCC de la población afiliada de una mutua laboral. Se obtuvo la incidencia global de la incapacidad temporal por ITCC y por tramos de duración (1-3 días, 4-15 días, 16-30 días, 31-90 días y >90 días). Se realizó un estudio ecológico de series temporales considerando un punto de inflexión en 2013. Se calculó el porcentaje de cambio anual e intervalo de confianza del 95%. Los análisis se estratificaron por edad y sexo. RESULTADOS: La incidencia global pasó de 35,3 casos por cada 100 trabajadores-año en 2009 a 25,2 en 2013. A partir del 2014 se observa un ascenso sostenido de la incidencia de ITCC, finalizando el 2018 con 34,1 casos por cada 100 trabajadores-año. La incidencia global está determinada fundamentalmente por procesos menores a 16 días en población joven. El descenso en 2009-2013 se produjo en todos los tramos de duración, en especial en 4 a 15 (PCA=-11,2; IC 95%=(-14,1 a -8,2)) y más de 90 días (PCA=-9,4; IC 95%=(-15,5 a -2,8)), principalmente en jóvenes. El ascenso en 2013-2018 se observó en todos los tramos, siendo el incremento más significativo en tramos de 1-3 días (trabajadores de menor edad: PCA=18,9; IC 95%=(14,8 a 23,2)) y en más de 90 días (principalmente en mayores). La evolución de la ITCC presentó un patrón similar en ambos sexos. CONCLUSIONES: La descripción temporal de la incidencia de ITCC por tramos de duración ofrece una información detallada de la incapacidad temporal. Estos resultados son útiles para profesionales de la prevención y gestión de la ITCC.

Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in Native and Immigrant Populations in the PELFI Study in Spain.

Quality of life and its relationship to oral health is an important consideration in the determinants of health of vulnerable groups. The aim of this study is to assess oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and its related factors in native and immigrant population families from the Platform of Longitudinal Studies on Immigrant Families (PELFI) study in Spain. A cross-sectional study was conducted in a sample of 401 adults aged 18 years and older from Spain, Ecuador, Colombia, and Morocco. The OHIP-14 instrument was applied, and three summary variables were used (prevalence, extent, and severity). Sociodemographic and self-perceived health variables were included. Bivariate analyzes were carried out to summarize the variables of the OHIP-14 according to sociodemographic and health variables, and bivariate analyzes of the OHIP-14 dimensions was conducted by country of origin. Multivariate linear models were used to investigate predictors for the dimensions of the OHIP-14. Multivariate logistic models were used to estimate the association of OHRQoL with immigration status using crude and adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (OR-95% CI). It was found that 14.8% of men and 23.8% of women reported negative impacts in terms of OHRQoL (statistically significant differences: p < 0.05). There were statistically significant differences according to the country of origin in the prevalence and severity outcomes of the OHIP-14 in women (p < 0.05), and severe outcomes were observed in Moroccan women. In women, statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) in OHRQoL were observed according to age and marital status. There were some differences between OHIP-14 summary outcomes according to the health variables. Some sociodemographic and health variables were predictors for the OHIP-14 and their dimensions with differences by sex. Multivariate analysis showed a statistically significant association between OHRQoL and immigration status for Moroccan women. Differences in OHRQoL were found according to sociodemographic and health variables. Further research could clarify the predictors of OHRQoL through epidemiological surveillance and longitudinal studies.

Segmentación de la incidencia de la incapacidad temporal según su duración como estrategia de análisis / The analysis of sickness absence incidence by subgroups of duration

Introducción: Se describe la utilidad de realizar un análisis de la incidencia de incapacidad temporal (IT) segmentado según la duración de los episodios, en comparación con el análisis que considera la incidencia global de la IT. Métodos: Se considera un ejemplo utilizando datos de una mutua en España durante 2011 (230.332 episodios, 752.906 trabajadores) y la incapacidad temporal por contingencia común (ITcc). Comparamos la incidencia de ITcc global y la segmentada por la duración de los episodios: corta (≤ 15 días), media (16-30 y 31-90) y larga (> 90 días). Los análisis se realizaron también según edad, como ejemplo de una de las múltiples variables que afectan a la incidencia de la IT. Resultados: La incidencia global de ITcc fue del 30,6%, mostrando una disminución con la edad (36,4% en <25 años frente a 29,3% en ≥55 años (RR = 1,24, IC del 95% = 1,22 - 1,27)). El análisis de la incidencia de ITcc segmentado por la duración de los episodios, permite obtener resultados más específicos: 1) la incidencia de corta duración es la más alta respecto al resto de segmentos (20,1% en la corta frente a 2,8% en larga duración (RR = 7,29, IC 95% = 7,19 - 7,40); 2) el exceso global observado en jóvenes se produce mayoritariamente por los episodios cortos (RR = 1,98, IC del 95% = 1,93-2,03, en <25 años frente a ≥55 años), y 3) la incidencia de larga duración cambia este patrón, siendo más frecuente en ≥55 años (5,2%) en relación a jóvenes (1,6%)(RR = 0,31, IC 95% = 0,29-0,34). Conclusiones: El análisis de la incidencia de IT segmentada por duración ofrece una aproximación más precisa que la obtenida del análisis global

Background: We describe the usefulness of performing an analysis of sickness absence (SA) incidence, segmented by the duration of episodes, in comparison with the more common analysis that considers the overall incidence of SA without segmentation. Methods: We used data from a health insurance company ("mutual") in Spain during 2011 (230,332 episodes, 752,906 workers) and non-work related SA as a case study. We compared the overall incidence of SA and incidence segmented by duration of episodes: short (≤ 15 days), medium (16-30 and 31-90 days) and long (> 90 days). The analyses were also performed by age, as an example of one of the multiple variables that affect SA incidence. Results: The overall incidence of SA was 30.6%, and declined steadily with increasing age. When SA incidence was analyzed by duration, we observed that: 1) the incidence of the episodes of short duration is the highest; 2) the overall excess observed in younger workers (<25 years) is driven mainly by short duration and 3) the pattern for long-term SA incidence was reversed, being more frequent among those ≥55 years of age relative to the youngest. Conclusions: Examining SA incidence by duration is more informative than relying on overall incidence of SA

Influence of Employment Conditions and Length of Residence on Adherence to Dietary Recommendations in Immigrant Workers in Spain.

The objective of this article is to analyze the influence of employment conditions on adherence to dietary recommendations among those born in Spain and immigrants by their time of residence. Data were used from the Platform of Longitudinal Studies of Immigrant Families (PELFI) cohort (n = 215) to compare Spaniards and immigrants with <14 and >14 years of residence. The questionnaire on frequency of food consumption (15 items) was used to measure adherence to dietary recommendations. Logistic regression models were used, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and employment conditions. Adherence to dietary recommendations was greater among Spaniards, followed by immigrants with >14 years of residence and <14 years of residence. The greatest adherence among Spaniards was for eggs (immigrants ≥ 14 years: 1/ORa = 2.89, <14 years: 1/ORa = 3.92), fish (immigrants ≥ 14 immigrants: 1/ORa = 2.33, <14 years: 1/ORa = 4.72), vegetables (immigrants ≥ 14 years: 1/ORa = 3.26, <14 years: 1/ORa = 4.87), dairy products (immigrants ≥ 14 years: 1/ORa = 14.34, <14 years: 1/ORa = 26.78), and sugary drinks (immigrants ≥14 years: 1/ORa = 2.12, <14 years: 1/ORa = 3.48), and the lowest adherence was for the consumption of sausages and cold cuts (immigrants ≥ 14 years: Ora = 7.62, <14 years: ORa = 24.65). Adjusting for sociodemographic and employment conditions variables did not result in variation in the observed differences between Spaniards, immigrants with <14 years of residence, and immigrants with >14 years of residence.

[The analysis of sickness absence incidence by subgroups of duration]. / Segmentación de la incidencia de la incapacidad temporal según su duración como estrategia de análisis.

BACKGROUND: We describe the usefulness of performing an analysis of sickness absence (SA) incidence, segmented by the duration of episodes, in comparison with the more common analysis that considers the overall incidence of SA without segmentation. METHODS: We used data from a health insurance company ("mutua") in Spain during 2011 (230,332 episodes, 752,906 workers) and non-work related SA as a case study. We compared the overall incidence of SA and incidence segmented by duration of episodes: short (≤ 15 days), medium (16-30 and 31-90 days) and long (> 90 days). The analyses were also performed by age, as an example of one of the multiple variables that affect SA incidence. RESULTS: The overall incidence of SA was 30.6%, and declined steadily with increasing age. When SA incidence was analyzed by duration, we observed that: 1) the incidence of the episodes of short duration is the highest; 2) the overall excess observed in younger workers (<25 years) is driven mainly by short duration and 3) the pattern for long-term SA incidence was reversed, being more frequent among those ≥55 years of age relative to the youngest. CONCLUSIONS: Examining SA incidence by duration is more informative than relying on overall incidence of SA.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Se describe la utilidad de realizar un análisis de la incidencia de incapacidad temporal (IT) segmentado según la duración de los episodios, en comparación con el análisis que considera la incidencia global de la IT. MÉTODOS: Se considera un ejemplo utilizando datos de una mutua en España durante 2011 (230.332 episodios, 752.906 trabajadores) y la incapacidad temporal por contingencia común (ITcc). Comparamos la incidencia de ITcc global y la segmentada por la duración de los episodios: corta (≤ 15 días), media (16-30 y 31-90) y larga (> 90 días). Los análisis se realizaron también según edad, como ejemplo de una de las múltiples variables que afectan a la incidencia de la IT. RESULTADOS: La incidencia global de ITcc fue del 30,6%, mostrando una disminución con la edad (36,4% en <25 años frente a 29,3% en ≥55 años (RR = 1,24, IC del 95% = 1,22 - 1,27)). El análisis de la incidencia de ITcc segmentado por la duración de los episodios, permite obtener resultados más específicos: 1) la incidencia de corta duración es la más alta respecto al resto de segmentos (20,1% en la corta frente a 2,8% en larga duración (RR = 7,29, IC 95% = 7,19 ­ 7,40); 2) el exceso global observado en jóvenes se produce mayoritariamente por los episodios cortos (RR = 1,98, IC del 95% = 1,93-2,03, en <25 años frente a ≥55 años), y 3) la incidencia de larga duración cambia este patrón, siendo más frecuente en ≥55 años (5,2%) en relación a jóvenes (1,6%)(RR = 0,31, IC 95% = 0,29-0,34). CONCLUSIONES: El análisis de la incidencia de IT segmentada por duración ofrece una aproximación más precisa que la obtenida del análisis global.

[PELFI Project: Recruitment and Sociodemographic Characteristics of Immigrant and Autochthonous Families from Alicante and Barcelona City Subcohorts]. / Proyecto PELFI: reclutamiento y características sociodemográficas de las familias inmigradas y autóctonas de las sub-cohortes de Alicante y Barcelona.

This study is a part of the multi-centre project "Platform of Longitudinal Studies of Immigrant Families (PELFI)" of the Immigration and Health Subprogram of the CIBER-ESP. It describes the field work and data collection of two sub-cohorts of immigrant and native families, and their main socio-demographic characteristics. Prospective observational cohort study in carried out in Barcelona and Alicante, Spain. The study population is a a non-probabilistic sample of 180 families of Colombian, Ecuadorian and Moroccan origin and 50 families of Spanish origin. We interviewed adults aged 18-65 years and adolescents aged 12-17 years in each family, through two questionnaires (adolescent/adult). The cooperation rate was 82.0% with an average recruitment rate of 1.3 families per day. In total, 250 families have been recruited, 82 from Ecuador, 82 from Colombia, 29 from Morocco and 57 from Spain. A total of 473 adults (59.8% women and 68.5% employed) were surveyed. Immigrant adults have an average of 13 years living in Spain. A total of 304 adolescents (53.9% female, 27.1% born in Spain but with immigrant parents) were surveyed. The combination of non-probabilistic techniques promoted access and improved recruitment speed. This study provides key information for the design and improvement of cohort studies with immigrant families.

Este artículo corresponde al "Proyecto de Estudios Longitudinales de Familias Inmigradas (PELFI)" del Subprograma de Inmigración y Salud del CIBERESP y describe el trabajo de campo basal y principales características socio-demográficas de dos sub-cohortes de familias inmigrantes y autóctonas. El diseño es observacional prospectivo. La población de estudio se definió como una muestra no probabilística de 180 familias de origen colombiano, ecuatoriano y marroquí y 50 españolas. Se entrevistó a a 473 personas adultas entre 18 y 65 años (59,8% mujeres, 68,5% ocupados/as) y a 304 adolescentes entre 12 y17 años (53,9% mujeres, 27,1% nacidos en España pero de padres inmigrados) de cada familia, mediante dos cuestionarios diseñados ad hoc. La tasa de cooperación fue del 82,0% con una velocidad media de reclutamiento de 1,3 familias diarias. En total, se reclutó a 250 familias, 82 procedentes de Ecuador, 82 de Colombia, 29 de Marruecos y 57 españolas. Los adultos inmigrados llevaban una media de 13 años en España. Las combinación de técnicas no probabilísticas permitió el acceso y velocidad de reclutamiento. Este estudio aporta información clave para el diseño y mejora de este tipo de cohortes en familias inmigradas.

Proyecto PELFI: reclutamiento y características sociodemográficas de las familias inmigradas y autóctonas de las subcohortes de Alicante y Barcelona / PELFI proyect: recruiment and sociodemographic characteristics of immigrant and autochthonous families from Alicante and Barcelona city subcohorts

Este artículo corresponde al 'Proyecto de Estudios Longitudinales de Familias Inmigradas (PELFI)' del Subprograma de Inmigración y Salud del CIBERESP y describe el trabajo de campo basal y principales características socio-demográficas de dos sub-cohortes de familias inmigrantes y autóctonas. El diseño es observacional prospectivo. La población de estudio se definió como una muestra no probabilística de 180 familias de origen colombiano, ecuatoriano y marroquí y 50 españolas. Se entrevistó a a 473 personas adultas entre 18 y 65 años (59,8% mujeres, 68,5% ocupados/ as) y a 304 adolescentes entre 12 y17 años (53,9% mujeres, 27,1% nacidos en España pero de padres inmigrados) de cada familia, mediante dos cuestionarios diseñados ad hoc. La tasa de cooperación fue del 82,0% con una velocidad media de reclutamiento de 1,3 familias diarias. En total, se reclutó a 250 familias, 82 procedentes de Ecuador, 82 de Colombia, 29 de Marruecos y 57 españolas. Los adultos inmigrados llevaban una media de 13 años en España. Las combinación de técnicas no probabilísticas permitió el acceso y velocidad de reclutamiento. Este estudio aporta información clave para el diseño y mejora de este tipo de cohortes en familias inmigradas (AU)

This study is a part of the multi-centre project 'Platform of Longitudinal Studies of Immigrant Families (PELFI)' of the Immigration and Health Subprogram of the CIBER-ESP. It describes the field work and data collection of two sub-cohorts of immigrant and native families, and their main socio-demographic characteristics. Prospective observational cohort study in carried out in Barcelona and Alicante, Spain. The study population is a a non-probabilistic sample of 180 families of Colombian, Ecuadorian and Moroccan origin and 50 families of Spanish origin. We interviewed adults aged 18-65 years and adolescents aged 12-17 years in each family, through two questionnaires (adolescent/ adult). The cooperation rate was 82.0% with an average recruitment rate of 1.3 families per day. In total, 250 families have been recruited, 82 from Ecuador, 82 from Colombia, 29 from Morocco and 57 from Spain. A total of 473 adults (59.8% women and 68.5% employed) were surveyed. Immigrant adults have an average of 13 years living in Spain. A total of 304 adolescents (53.9% female, 27.1% born in Spain but with immigrant parents) were surveyed. The combination of non-probabilistic techniques promoted access and improved recruitment speed. This study provides key information for the design and improvement of cohort studies with immigrant families (AU)

Exposición a carga física en el trabajo por ocupación: una explotación de los datos en matriz empleo-exposición española (MATEMESP) / Exposure to ergonomic risk by occupation in spanish working: a data exploitation of MatEmESp

Fundamentos: La exposición a riesgos ergonómicos es la principal causa de daños de origen laboral. El objetivo es describir la prevalencia de exposición a carga física por ocupación en población laboral española y su relación con las condiciones de empleo y características sociodemográficas de los trabajadores. Métodos: Se utilizó la información contenida en la Matriz Empleo- Exposición Española (MatEmESp) con datos entre 1997 y 2005. Se describieron las prevalencias de exposición a riesgos ergonómicos, identificándose las ocupaciones con mayores prevalencias y se analizó la relación con las condiciones de empleo y las características sociodemográficas por ocupación mediante coeficientes de correlación de Spearman y diagramas de dispersión. Resultados: Los movimientos repetidos fueron el riesgo ergonómico declarado con mayor frecuencia (prevalencias en torno al 60%). Las mayores prevalencias de exposición a posturas forzadas, manipulación de cargas, movimientos repetidos y trabajo sedentario se dieron en “albañiles” (96%), en “peones de construcción” (89%), en “trabajadores de artes gráficas” (95%) y “auxiliares administrativos” (98%), respectivamente. Encontramos una fuerte relación (p<0,001) entre la prevalencia de exposición a estos cuatro riesgos y la proporción de personas con estudios primarios en la ocupación (correlación -0,62 en trabajo sedentario y entre 0,59 y 0,66 en el resto). Ocupaciones con alta proporción de mujeres y nivel de estudios universitarios (“enfermeras”), también mostraron prevalencias de exposición elevadas a manipulación de cargas (>50%). Conclusiones: En general, la prevalencia de exposición a riesgos ergonómicos se mantiene muy elevada en el periodo analizado. Las ocupaciones menos cualificadas presentaron habitualmente mayores prevalencias de exposición (AU)

Background: Ergonomic hazards exposure is the main cause of occupational pain. The aim of this paper is to describe the prevalence of exposure to occupational physical load by occupation, in Spanish working population, and its relationship to employment conditions and sociodemographic characteristics of workers. Methods: We used the information contained in the Spanish Job- ExposureMatrix (MatEmESp),with data between 1997 and 2005.We describe the prevalence of exposure to ergonomic hazards, we identify the occupations with the highest prevalence of exposure and we analyze its relationship to employment conditions and sociodemographic characteristics by occupation, using Spearman correlation coefficients and Scatter plots. Results: Repetitivemovements are ergonomic hazardmost frequently reported (prevalence around 60%). The greater prevalence of exposure to awkward postures are given in "Bricklayers" (96%), to handling loads in "construction labourers" (89%), to repetitive movements in "graphic arts workers" (95%) and sedentary work in "administrative assistants" (98%). We found a strong relationship (p<0,001) between the prevalence of exposure to the four hazards considered, and the proportion of people with primary education by occupation (correlation coefficients -0,62 in sedentary work and between 0,59 and 0,66 in the other). Occupations with a high proportion of women and with a university studies levels (“nurses”), also has frequent exposure to handling loads (>50%). Conclusions: In general, the prevalence of exposure to ergonomic hazards remains high in the period analyzed. Less qualified occupations usually have a higher prevalence of exposure (AU)

[Exposure to ergonomic risk by occupation in Spanish working: a data exploitation of MatEmESp]. / Exposición a carga física en el trabajo por ocupación: una explotación de los datos en matriz empleo-exposición Española (MATEMESP).

BACKGROUND: Ergonomic hazards exposure is the main cause of occupational pain. The aim of this paper is to describe the prevalence of exposure to occupational physical load by occupation, in Spanish working population, and its relationship to employment conditions and sociodemographic characteristics of workers. METHODS: We used the information contained in the Spanish Job-Exposure Matrix (MatEmESp), with data between 1997 and 2005. We describe the prevalence of exposure to ergonomic hazards, we identify the occupations with the highest prevalence of exposure and we analyze its relationship to employment conditions and sociodemographic characteristics by occupation, using Spearman correlation coefficients and Scatter plots. RESULTS: Repetitive movements are ergonomic hazard most frequently reported (prevalence around 60%). The greater prevalence of exposure to awkward postures are given in "Bricklayers" (96%), to handling loads in "construction labourers" (89%), to repetitive movements in "graphic arts workers" (95%) and sedentary work in "administrative assistants" (98%). We found a strong relationship (p<0,001) between the prevalence of exposure to the four hazards considered, and the proportion of people with primary education by occupation (correlation coefficients -0,62 in sedentary work and between 0,59 and 0,66 in the other). Occupations with a high proportion of women and with a university studies levels ("nurses"), also has frequent exposure to handling loads (>50%). CONCLUSIONS: In general, the prevalence of exposure to ergonomic hazards remains high in the period analyzed. Less qualified occupations usually have a higher prevalence of exposure.

Sensibilidad química múltiple: diferencias epidemiológicas, clínicas y pronósticas entre la de origen laboral y la de origen no laboral / Multiple chemical sensitivity: Epidemiological, clinical and prognostic differences between occupational and non-occupational cases

Fundamento y objetivo: El progresivo aumento de pacientes con síndrome de sensibilidad química múltiple (SQM) y la falta de estudios que relacionen su aparición con un posible origen laboral plantean la necesidad de investigaciones en este campo. El objetivo ha sido comparar aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos y pronósticos entre las SQM de origen laboral y no laboral. Pacientes y método: Estudio observacional de una serie de pacientes diagnosticados de SQM en la Consulta Externa de Toxicología del Hospital Clínic de Barcelona entre 2002-2007. El origen (laboral o no laboral) de la SQM se consideró como la variable independiente. Las variables dependientes fueron la actividad laboral, los agentes desencadenantes de la SQM, los productos químicos que se asocian al desarrollo de manifestaciones clínicas, la gravedad de los síntomas, las comorbilidades y la incapacidad laboral. Se comparó la distribución porcentual de resultados en el grupo de origen laboral y en el grupo de origen no laboral. Resultados: Se incluyeron 165 pacientes, con una media de edad de 47,7 años, de los que un 90,9% fueron mujeres. Al comparar los pacientes con SQM de origen laboral con los pacientes con SQM de origen no laboral, se obtuvieron diferencias significativas en la presencia de comorbilidades, como el síndrome de fatiga crónica (el 68,1 frente al 88,5%; p=0,002) o la fibromialgia (el 49,3 frente al 73,9%; p=0,002), en las incapacidades temporales (el 60,9 frente al 39,6%; p=0,006) y en las permanentes (el 8,7 frente al 22,9%; p=0,006). Conclusiones: Los pacientes con SQM atribuida a un origen laboral presentan menos comorbilidad e incapacidades permanentes que los pacientes con SQM de origen no laboral (AU)

Background and objective: The progressive increase in cases of multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) syndrome and the lack of studies which associate the syndrome with possible occupational origins means that further research in this field is required. The objective of this study was to compare the epidemiological, clinical and prognostic aspects of cases of MCS of occupational and non-occupational origin. Patients and method: Observational study of patients diagnosed with MCS by the toxicology outpatients clinic of the Hospital Clinic of Barcelona between 2002 and 2007. The occupational and non-occupational origin of MCS was considered as an independent variable. The dependant variables were occupational activity, triggering agents of MCS, chemical agents associated with the development of clinical manifestations, severity of the symptoms, comorbidities and work disability. Percentages were compared between groups. Results: A total of 165 patients were included: The mean age was 47.7 years and 90.9% were women. There were significant differences between patients of occupational and non-occupational origin with respect to comorbidities such as chronic fatigue syndrome (68.1% versus 88.5%; p=0.002) and fibromyalgia (49.3% versus 73.9%; p=0.002), temporary disability (60.9% versus 39.6%; p=0.006) and permanent disability (8.7% versus 22.9%; p=0.006). Conclusions. Cases of MCS attributed to an occupational origin had fewer comorbidities and less permanent disability than those of non-occupational origin (AU)

[Duration of work absence attributable to non work-related diseases by health regions in catalonia]. / Duración de los episodios de incapacidad temporal por contingencia común según regiones sanitarias en Catalunya.

BACKGROUND: This study analyze the duration of episodes of work absence due to non work-related diseases in Catalonia by health regions, assuming a homogeneous distribution of durations between health regions. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of 811.790 episodes in 2005 and followed to episode closure through July 2007 provided by the Institut Català d'Avaluacions Mèdiques, describing their median duration (MD) in days for each of the seven health regions of Catalonia. The probability of returning to work was plotted according to Wang_Chang survival curves and median durations were then compared using the Barcelona health region as the referent group. Results were extended through stratification by sex. RESULTS: The Camp de Tarragona health region had the shortest MD (5 days), while the episodes in the Alt Pirineu i Aran region had the longest (MD, 13 days). The Barcelona health region had a MD of 7 days as was the case for Cataluña Central. MD in Girona was 8 days, and in Lleida and Terres de l'Ebre it was 9 days. This latter region also had the highest median duration 13 days. CONCLUSIONS: The are significant differences in the duration of work absence between the health regions of Catalonia. These differences persisted after adjusting for age, management of episodes and social security system status, in both men and women.

[Multiple chemical sensitivity: epidemiological, clinical and prognostic differences between occupational and non-occupational cases]. / Sensibilidad química múltiple: diferencias epidemiológicas, clínicas y pronósticas entre la de origen laboral y la de origen no laboral.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The progressive increase in cases of multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) syndrome and the lack of studies which associate the syndrome with possible occupational origins means that further research in this field is required. The objective of this study was to compare the epidemiological, clinical and prognostic aspects of cases of MCS of occupational and non-occupational origin. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Observational study of patients diagnosed with MCS by the toxicology outpatients clinic of the Hospital Clinic of Barcelona between 2002 and 2007. The occupational and non-occupational origin of MCS was considered as an independent variable. The dependant variables were occupational activity, triggering agents of MCS, chemical agents associated with the development of clinical manifestations, severity of the symptoms, comorbidities and work disability. Percentages were compared between groups. RESULTS: A total of 165 patients were included: The mean age was 47.7 years and 90.9% were women. There were significant differences between patients of occupational and non-occupational origin with respect to comorbidities such as chronic fatigue syndrome (68.1% versus 88.5%; p=0.002) and fibromyalgia (49.3% versus 73.9%; p=0.002), temporary disability (60.9% versus 39.6%; p=0.006) and permanent disability (8.7% versus 22.9%; p=0.006). CONCLUSIONS: Cases of MCS attributed to an occupational origin had fewer comorbidities and less permanent disability than those of non-occupational origin.

Duración de los episodios de incapacidad temporal por contingencia común según regiones sanitarias en Catalunya / Duration of work absence attributable to non work-related diseases by health regions in Catalonia

Fundamentos: En este estudio se analizó la duración de los episodiosde incapacidad temporal por contingencia común en Cataluñasegún regiones sanitarias. Partiendo de la hipótesis de una distribuciónhomogénea de las duraciones entre las regiones sanitarias.Métodos: Estudio de cohorte retrospectiva de 811.790 episodiosobtenidos del Institut Català d’Avaluacions Mèdiques iniciados elaño 2005 y seguidos hasta su finalización, cómo máximo julio de2007, donde se describió la mediana de la duración en días de los episodiospara cada una de las siete regiones sanitarias de Cataluña. Laprobabilidad de volver al trabajo se representó según las curvas desupervivencia de Wang_Chang y se comparó la duración mediana(DM) tomando como referencia la Región Sanitaria Barcelona,estratificando por sexo.Resultados: La región de Camp de Tarragona registra la menorduración de 5 días. Por contra, los episodios ocurridos en el Alt Pirineui Aran presentaron una mayor duración de 13 días. Para la regiónde Barcelona la duración fue 7 días, al igual que para Cataluña Central.En Girona fue de 8 días, y en Lleida y Terres de l’Ebre de 9 días.Conclusiones: Existen diferencias significativas en las duracionesde los episodios entre las regiones sanitarias de Cataluña, que semantienen después de ajustar por la edad, la gestión del episodio y elrégimen de Seguridad Social, tanto para hombres como para mujeres(AU)

Background: This study analyze the duration of episodes ofwork absence due to non work-related diseases in Catalonia byhealth regions, assuming a homogeneous distribution of durationsbetween health regions.Methods: A retrospective cohort study of 811.790 episodes in2005 and followed to episode closure through July 2007 provided bythe Institut Català d’Avaluacions Mèdiques, describing their medianduration (MD) in days for each of the seven health regions of Catalonia.The probability of returning to work was plotted according toWang_Chang survival curves and median durations were then comparedusing the Barcelona health region as the referent group.Results were extended through stratification by sex.Results: The Camp de Tarragona health region had the shortestMD (5 days), while the episodes in the Alt Pirineu i Aran region hadthe longest (MD, 13 days). The Barcelona health region had a MD of7 days as was the case for Cataluña Central. MD in Girona was 8days, and in Lleida and Terres de l’Ebre it was 9 days. This latterregion also had the highest median duration 13 days.Conclusions: The are significant differences in the duration ofwork absence between the health regions of Catalonia. These differencespersisted after adjusting for age, management of episodes andsocial security system status, in both men and women(AU)

Exposición a carga física en el trabajo por ocupación: una explotación de los datos en matriz empleo-exposición española (MATEMESP) / Exposure to ergonomic risk bt occupation in spanish working: a data exploitation of MatEmESp

Fundamentos: La exposición a riesgos ergonómicos es la principal causa de daños de origen laboral. El objetivo es describir la prevalencia de exposición a carga física por ocupación en población laboral española y su relación con las condiciones de empleo y características sociodemográficas de los trabajadores. Métodos: Se utilizó la información contenida en la Matriz Empleo-Exposición Española (MatEmESp) con datos entre 1997 y 2005. Se describieron las prevalencias de exposición a riesgos ergonómicos, identificándose las ocupaciones con mayores prevalencias y se analizó la relación con las condiciones de empleo y las características sociodemográficas por ocupación mediante coeficientes de correlación de Spearman y diagramas de dispersión. Resultados: Los movimientos repetidos fueron el riesgo ergonómico declarado con mayor frecuencia (prevalencias en torno al 60%). Las mayores prevalencias de exposición a posturas forzadas, manipulación de cargas, movimientos repetidos y trabajo sedentario se dieron en "albañiles" (96%), en "peones de construcción" (89%), en "trabajadores de artes gráficas" (95%) y "auxiliares administrativos" (98%), respectivamente. Encontramos una fuerte relación (p<0,001) entre la prevalencia de exposición a estos cuatro riesgos y la proporción de personas con estudios primarios en la ocupación (correlación -0,62 en trabajo sedentario y entre 0,59 y 0,66 en el resto). Ocupaciones con alta proporción de mujeres y nivel de estudios universitarios ("enfermeras"), también mostraron prevalencias de exposición elevadas a manipulación de cargas (>50%). Conclusiones: En general, la prevalencia de exposición a riesgos ergonómicos se mantiene muy elevada en el periodo analizado. Las ocupaciones menos cualificadas presentaron habitualmente mayores prevalencias de exposición (AU)

Background: Ergonomic hazards exposure is the main cause of occupational pain. The aim of this paper is to describe the prevalence of exposure to occupational physical load by occupation, in Spanish working population, and its relationship to employment conditions and sociodemographic characteristics of workers. Methods: We used the information contained in the Spanish Job-Exposure Matrix (MatEmESp), with data between 1997 and 2005. We describe the prevalence of exposure to ergonomic hazards, we identify the occupations with the highest prevalence of exposure and we analyze its relationship to employment conditions and sociodemographic characteristics by occupation, using Spearman correlation coefficients and Scatter plots. Results: Repetitive movements are ergonomic hazard most frequently reported (prevalence around 60%). The greater prevalence of exposure to awkward postures are given in "Bricklayers" (96%), to handling loads in "construction labourers" (89%), to repetitive movements in "graphic arts workers" (95%) and sedentary work in "administrative assistants" (98%). We found a strong relationship (p<0,001) between the prevalence of exposure to the four hazards considered, and the proportion of people with primary education by occupation (correlation coefficients -0,62 in sedentary work and between 0,59 and 0,66 in the other). Occupations with a high proportion of women and with a university studies levels ("nurses"), also has frequent exposure to handling loads (>50%). Conclusions: In general, the prevalence of exposure to ergonomic hazards remains high in the period analyzed. Less qualified occupations usually have a higher prevalence of exposure (AU)