Prediction of serious complications in patients with pulmonary thromboembolism and solid cancer: Validation of the EPIPHANY Index in a prospective cohort of patients from the PERSEO study.

INTRODUCTION: There is currently no validated score capable of classifying cancer-associated pulmonary embolism (PE) in its full spectrum of severity. This study has validated the EPIPHANY Index, a new tool to predict serious complications in cancer patients with suspected or unsuspected PE. METHOD: The PERSEO Study prospectively recruited individuals with PE and active cancer or receiving antineoplastic therapy from 22 Spanish hospitals. The estimation of the relative frequency θ of complications based on the EPIPHANY Index categories was made using the Bayesian alternative for the binomial test. RESULTS: A total of 900 patients, who were diagnosed with PE between October 2017 and January 2020, were enrolled. The rate of serious complications at 15 days was 11.8%, 95% highest density interval [HDI], 9.8-14.1%. Of the EPIPHANY low-risk patients, 2.4% (95% HDI, 0.8-4.6%) had serious complications, as did 5.5% (95% HDI, 2.9-8.7%) of the moderate-risk participants and 21.0% (95% HDI, 17.0-24.0%) of those with high-risk episodes. The EPIPHANY Index was associated with overall survival (OS) in patients with different risk levels: median OS was 16.5, 14.4, and 4.4 months for those at low, intermediate, and high risk, respectively. Both the EPIPHANY Index and the Hestia criteria exhibited greater negative predictive value and a lower negative likelihood ratio than the remaining models. The incidence of bleeding at 6 months was 6.2% (95% HDI, 2.9-9.5%) in low/moderate-risk vs 12.7% (95% HDI, 10.1-15.4%) in high-risk (p-value = 0.037) episodes. Of the outpatients, serious complications at 15 days were recorded in 2.1% (95% HDI, 0.7-4.0%) of the cases with EPIPHANY low/intermediate-risk vs 5.3% (95% HDI, 1.7-11.8%) in high-risk cases. CONCLUSION: We have validated the EPIPHANY Index in patients with incidental or symptomatic cancer-related PE. This model can contribute to standardize decision-making in a scenario lacking quality evidence.

Lower limb cutaneous melanoma surgery: location matters.

The anatomical location of cutaneous melanoma is a relevant independent prognostic factor in melanoma. The aim of the study is to know the prognosis of lower limb cutaneous melanoma related to their location within the limb, regardless of the histological type, and if there are any other influencing variables. A real-world data observational study was developed. The lesions were divided depending on the location of the melanoma (thigh, leg and foot). Bivariate and multivariate analysis were performed, and melanoma-specific survival and disease-free survival rates were calculated. When these analysis were done, the results showed that, in melanomas of the lower limb, location on the foot presented a lower melanoma-specific survival rate compared to more proximal locations, and only the anatomical location presents statistical significance to discriminate cases with a higher mortality risk and a lower disease-free survival rate among distal melanomas (mainly on the foot). In conclusion, this study confirms that a more distal location of lower limb cutaneous melanoma is a relevant prognostic factor.Trial registration number NCT04625491 retrospectively registered.

Complete remission of stage IV sinonasal small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma: A case report.

Sinonasal small cell carcinoma (SmCC) is a rare type of neoplasm. The current case report describes the case of a 30-year-old male patient with stage IV SmCC who underwent concurrent radiotherapy (RT) plus etoposide-cisplatin treatment. Positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) and fibroscopy examination showed complete remission at 3 months post-treatment. However, leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) occurred at 9 months. A literature search identified no previous case reports describing LM of SmCC. The patient was treated with concurrent RT plus irinotecan-gemcitabine. During the sixth cycle of irinotecan-gemcitabine, the patient required intensive care admission due to severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2-associated pneumonia. Following clearance of the pneumonia, LM was assessed using PET/CT and MRI at 3 months, which revealed a complete response to irinotecan-gemcitabine. In May 2021, the patient succumbed to LM following disease recurrence. The findings of this case report should encourage other authors to publish their treatment outcomes regarding SmCC. More clinical trials are required to achieve better results in terms of patient outcome.

Experiencia del uso fuera de indicación de Eltrombopag en el tratamiento de la trombocitopenia asociada a tumores sólidos / Experience of off-label use of Eltrombopag in the treatment of thrombocytopenia associated with solid tumors

Objetivo: Describir los resultados del uso fuera de indicación de eltrombopag en pacientes con trombocitopenia limitante de tratamiento quimioterápico y tumores sólidos. Método: Estudio observacional retrospectivo en el que se incluyeron todos los pacientes con tumores sólidos tratados con eltrombopag por trombocitopenia durante el tratamiento con quimioterapia entre enero de 2012 y diciembre de 2014. Resultados: Seis pacientes, con tumores sólidos y trombocitopenia limitante de tratamiento, recibieron eltrombopag durante el periodo de estudio con una disminución en el retraso de ciclos de quimioterapia (4,83 ± 4,79 ciclos retrasados antes del inicio de eltrombopag vs 2,50 ± 4,32 ciclos durante el tratamiento con eltrombopag, p=0,492) y un aumento en el porcentaje de dosis real administrada (89,29 ± 13,36% vs 91,43 ± 10,69%, p=0,682). Así mismo, se produjo un aumento en el nadir de plaquetas (55,29 ± 16,45x109 /L vs 76,14 ± 36,38x109 /L, p=0,248) sin requerir en ningún paciente soporte transfusional con plaquetas durante el tratamiento con eltrombopag. Conclusiones: eltrombopag ha resultado ser una alternativa de tratamiento para pacientes con trombocitopenia limitante de tratamiento con quimioterapia, siendo necesarios ensayos clínicos con mayor número de pacientes que confirmen estos resultados (AU)

Purpose: To describe the results of the off-label use of eltrombopag in patients with solid tumors and thrombocytopenia that limits chemotherapy. Methods: Retrospective observational study including all patients with solid tumors who were treated with eltrombopag for thrombocytopenia during the chemotherapy treatment between January 2012 and December 2014. Results: Six patients, with solid tumors and thrombocytopenia that limits chemotherapy treatment, received eltrombopag during the study and it was observed a decrease in the delay of chemotherapy cycles (4.83 ± 4.79 delayed cycles before starting eltrombopag vs 2.50 ± 4.32 delayed cycles during the treatment with eltrombopag, p=0.492) and an increase in the percentage of administrated dosage (89.29 ± 13.36% vs 91.43 ± 10.69%, p=0.682). Also, there was an increase in platelet nadir (55.29 ± 16.45x109 /L vs 76.14 ± 36.38x109 /L, p=0.248) without platelet transfusion support in any patient during treatment with eltrombopag. Conclusions: eltrombopag has resulted to be an alternative in the treatment of patients with thrombocytopenia that limits chemotherapy, clinical trials with more number or patients are needed to confirm these results (AU)

[Experience of off-label use of Eltrombopag in the treatment of thrombocytopenia associated with solid tumors]. / Experiencia del uso fuera de indicación de Eltrombopag en el tratamiento de la trombocitopenia asociada a tumores sólidos.

PURPOSE: To describe the results of the off-label use of eltrombopag in patients with solid tumors and thrombocytopenia that limits chemotherapy. METHODS: Retrospective observational study including all patients with solid tumors who were treated with eltrombopag for thrombocytopenia during the chemotherapy treatment between January 2012 and December 2014. RESULTS: Six patients, with solid tumors and thrombocytopenia that limits chemotherapy treatment, received eltrombopag during the study and it was observed a decrease in the delay of chemotherapy cycles (4.83 ± 4.79 delayed cycles before starting eltrombopag vs 2.50 ± 4.32 delayed cycles during the treatment with eltrombopag, p=0.492) and an increase in the percentage of administrated dosage (89.29 ± 13.36% vs 91.43 ± 10.69%, p=0.682). Also, there was an increase in platelet nadir (55.29 ± 16.45x109/L vs 76.14 ± 36.38x109/L, p=0.248) without platelet transfusion support in any patient during treatment with eltrombopag. CONCLUSIONS: eltrombopag has resulted to be an alternative in the treatment of patients with thrombocytopenia that limits chemotherapy, clinical trials with more number or patients are needed to confirm these results.

Objetivo: Describir los resultados del uso fuera de indicación de eltrombopag en pacientes con trombocitopenia limitante de tratamiento quimioterápico y tumores sólidos. Método: Estudio observacional retrospectivo en el que se incluyeron todos los pacientes con tumores sólidos tratados con eltrombopag por trombocitopenia durante el tratamiento con quimioterapia entre enero de 2012 y diciembre de 2014. Resultados: Seis pacientes, con tumores sólidos y trombocitopenia limitante de tratamiento, recibieron eltrombopag durante el periodo de estudio con una disminución en el retraso de ciclos de quimioterapia (4,83 ± 4,79 ciclos retrasados antes del inicio de eltrombopag vs 2,50 ± 4,32 ciclos durante el tratamiento con eltrombopag, p=0,492) y un aumento en el porcentaje de dosis real administrada (89,29 ± 13,36% vs 91,43 ± 10,69%, p=0,682). Así mismo, se produjo un aumento en el nadir de plaquetas (55,29 ± 16,45x109/L vs 76,14 ± 36,38x109/L, p=0,248) sin requerir en ningún paciente soporte transfusional con plaquetas durante el tratamiento con eltrombopag. Conclusiones: eltrombopag ha resultado ser una alternativa de tratamiento para pacientes con trombocitopenia limitante de tratamiento con quimioterapia, siendo necesarios ensayos clínicos con mayor número de pacientes que confirmen estos resultados.

[Ophthalmoplegia in a patient with prostate cancer and bone metastases]. / Oftalmoplejía completa izquierda por metástasis ósea de cáncer de próstata.

Prognosis in prostate cancer is determined, in greater part, by the presence of metastases. Bone metastases can occur in any part of the skeleton even, for example, at the base of the skull. We present a case of a 78 year old male who, in December 2001, presented with paralysis of the third cranial nerve. The NMR and CAT scans were normal and circulating levels of PSA were elevated. He was referred to the Urology Service where the treatment guidelines included complete androgen block. Subsequently, he developed retro-orbital pain, divergent strabismus and palpebral ptosis. CAT and NMR indicated a soft tissue mass at the sphenoid level. Treatment was Gamma Knife Radio-surgery. Since August 2004, in conjunction with the latest rise in PSA, the patients general status deteriorated considerably and he was referred to the Oncology Service. There was an increase in the paralysis of the third, fourth and sixth cranial nerve (complete left ophthalmoplegia) and left-central facial paralysis. Metastases from prostate cancer can be disseminated via the lymphatic or the blood system. Currently, there are more metastases from large-size tumours. Metastases are critical in prostate cancer because of their adverse effect on the patients survival. Measurements of circulating levels of prostate specific antigen and prostate acid phosphatase are very useful in the clinical diagnosis of the primary tumour, or its metastases.