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1.
SEMERGEN, Soc. Esp. Med. Rural Gen. (Ed. Impr.) ; 49(3): [e101930], abr. 2023. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-219402

ABSTRACT

Objetivo Conocer la percepción y la actitud hacia la enuresis por parte de familias y cuidadores con el objetivo de establecer un plan terapéutico racional. Material y métodos Se realizó una encuesta de 25 preguntas a padres y madres mayores de 18años con al menos un hijo de entre 5 y 13años, manteniendo la representatividad nacional en términos de residencia, clase social y edad de los hijos. La recogida de datos se realizó en abril del 2021. Resultados Se obtuvieron datos de 501 encuestas de 626 enviadas, en su mayoría relativos a familias de clase social media de Andalucía, Cataluña y la Comunidad de Madrid. El 47,9% de los encuestados conocían la existencia de la enuresis, aunque únicamente el 23,8% sabían cuál era el término médico. Solo el 16,6% y el 9,6% recordaban que el/la pediatra o el/la enfermero/a, respectivamente, se hubieran referido en algún momento a la misma. Entre los participantes con algún conocimiento, las fuentes de información principales fueron los casos cercanos (36,6%), los medios de comunicación (31,1%) y el pediatra (27,8%). Los padres se preocuparían mucho (35,3%) o bastante (43,1%) ante un caso. Sin embargo, el nivel de conocimiento fue mayor y el grado de preocupación menor entre padres con hijos con enuresis respecto a los que no tenían casos en la familia. Conclusiones Mejorar el conocimiento de los padres sobre la enuresis y cambiar la percepción que tienen de la misma puede resultar de importancia para mejorar su atención y anticipar su resolución (AU)


Objective To know the perception and attitude towards enuresis from families and caregivers with the aim of establishing a rational therapeutic plan. Material and methods A 25-question survey was performed among parents over 18years old with at least a child between 5 and 13years old, maintaining national representativeness in terms of residence, social class and age of the children. Data collection was performed in April 2021. Results Data from 501 out of 626 sent surveys was obtained, mostly from middle-class families from Andalusia, Catalonia and the Community of Madrid. From all the participants, 47.9% knew about the existence of enuresis, although only 23.8% knew which was the medical term. Only 16.6% and 9.6% remembered that the pediatrician or the nurse, respectively, had referred to the condition at any time. Among the respondents with some knowledge about enuresis, their main information source were close cases (36.6%), media outlets (31.1%) and the pediatrician (27.8%). Parents would be very (35.3%) or somewhat (43.1%) worried in the event of an enuresis case. However, the level of knowledge was higher, and the level of concern was lower among parents with a child with enuresis in comparison to those without a case in their family. Conclusion Improving parent knowledge about enuresis and changing their perception towards this condition might be of importance to improve their attention and anticipate its resolution (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Enuresis , Perception , Anxiety , Parents , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Quality of Life , Surveys and Questionnaires , Socioeconomic Factors , Cross-Sectional Studies
2.
Semergen ; 49(3): 101930, 2023 Apr.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36889224

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To know the perception and attitude towards enuresis from families and caregivers with the aim of establishing a rational therapeutic plan. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A 25-question survey was performed among parents over 18years old with at least a child between 5 and 13years old, maintaining national representativeness in terms of residence, social class and age of the children. Data collection was performed in April 2021. RESULTS: Data from 501 out of 626 sent surveys was obtained, mostly from middle-class families from Andalusia, Catalonia and the Community of Madrid. From all the participants, 47.9% knew about the existence of enuresis, although only 23.8% knew which was the medical term. Only 16.6% and 9.6% remembered that the pediatrician or the nurse, respectively, had referred to the condition at any time. Among the respondents with some knowledge about enuresis, their main information source were close cases (36.6%), media outlets (31.1%) and the pediatrician (27.8%). Parents would be very (35.3%) or somewhat (43.1%) worried in the event of an enuresis case. However, the level of knowledge was higher, and the level of concern was lower among parents with a child with enuresis in comparison to those without a case in their family. CONCLUSION: Improving parent knowledge about enuresis and changing their perception towards this condition might be of importance to improve their attention and anticipate its resolution.


Subject(s)
Enuresis , Child , Humans , Enuresis/epidemiology , Enuresis/therapy , Parents , Surveys and Questionnaires , Anxiety , Perception
4.
Bol. pediatr ; 63(265): 150-152, 2023.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-231603
5.
Bol. pediatr ; 57(242): 287-297, 2017. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-172061

ABSTRACT

Los reumatismos constituyen un grupo de enfermedades crónicas degenerativas frecuentes en la infancia que afectan a la calidad de vida y pueden ocasionar secuelas, además de generar un gasto importante para las familias, un coste elevado para el sistema sanitario y repercutir en la escolaridad e integración del niño. Los cursos evolutivos, pronósticos y tratamientos de las diferentes condiciones de naturaleza reumatológica son variables. Con el fin de conocer la frecuencia en nuestro medio de las diferentes entidades de debut en la infancia hemos realizado un estudio descriptivo mediante revisión de las historias clínicas de los casos ingresados en el Área de Gestión Clínica de Pediatría (AGC) del Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA) entre los años 2002 y 2017. Recogimos las variables individuales de edad, motivos de consulta, afectación articular y extraarticular, resultado de las pruebas diagnósticas, tratamientos recibidos y complicaciones. En total se incluyeron en el estudio 52 casos, siendo ampliamente predominante la artritis idiopática juvenil (AIJ), con la forma oligoarticular como la más diagnosticada (46,2% del total de la serie). Existió un predominio del género femenino (relación mujeres/hombres 1,5/1). La inflamación local fue el principal motivo de consulta (59,6%), seguida del dolor (50%), siendo la rodilla la articulación más frecuentemente afectada (63,4%). Entre las manifestaciones extraarticulares predominó la fiebre (15,4%); uveítis inicial presentaron el 7,7% de los casos, apareciendo posteriormente en el 26,9% (la mitad bilaterales). Respecto al tratamiento, todos recibieron antiinflamatorios no esteroideos, 51,9% metrotexato, 36,5% tratamiento con fármacos biológicos y 19 (36,5%) infiltraciones articulares


Rheumatisms constitute a group of chronic degenerative diseases which are common in childhood and affect the quality of life, causing significant consequences. Besides this, rheumatisms involve a substantial expenditure for the families, entail a high cost for the health system, and have a major impact on the child's schooling process and integration. The evolutionary process, prognoses and treatments options for the different conditions of the rheumatic disease are varied. For the purpose of determining the frequency of the different entities of childhood debut in our environment, we have conducted a descriptive study by means of a review of the medical records of the cases admitted to the Clinical Management Unit of Pediatrics of the Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA) from 2002 to 2017. We have collected the individual variables: age, reason for consultation, joint and extra-articular affectation, result of diagnostic tests, treatment received, and complications. A total of 52 cases have been included in the study, where juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) has been observed as clearly predominant, being the oligoarticular variant the most diagnosed (46.2% of the total series). There has been a predominance of the female gender (female/male ratio 1.5/1). Local inflammation has been the main reason for consultation (59.6%), followed by pain (50%), with the knee joint most frequently affected (63.4%). Among the extra-articular manifestations, fever predominates (15.4%). Initial uveitis has been found in 7.7% of the cases, appearing later in 26.9% of them (half of these bilateral). Regarding treatments, all the patients have received non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, 51.9% methotrexate, 36.5% treatment with biological drugs, and 19 (36.5%) joint infiltrations


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Rheumatic Diseases/epidemiology , Rheumatic Diseases/prevention & control , Arthritis, Juvenile/epidemiology , Arthritis, Juvenile/prevention & control , Biological Therapy/methods , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use , Retrospective Studies , Analysis of Variance , Arthralgia/drug therapy
6.
Acta pediatr. esp ; 74(8): 189-196, sept. 2016. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-156145

ABSTRACT

Desde hace varios años la literatura científica prolifera en torno a un nuevo problema de salud que parece constatarse a escala mundial: el déficit de vitamina D. El establecimiento de nuevos y más bajos umbrales de deficiencia asumidos por la mayor parte de sociedades científicas internacionales, ante los insólitos vínculos que esta vitamina podría tener con la salud global de la población, ha generado multitud de estudios que publican cifras de prevalencia de déficit elevadas, y con una amplia variabilidad. La controversia sobre el nivel considerado como límite de suficiencia es especialmente evidente en la población infantil, en la que la investigación es más limitada. No obstante, una nueva hipótesis acerca de la fracción libre de la vitamina D como posible y óptimo marcador en la evaluación de su estatus está estimulando una novedosa e interesante línea de investigación. Tras mucha polémica bibliográfica parecía que ya teníamos una respuesta aceptable. La Academia Nacional de las Ciencias recogía en 2010, en su 'Dietary references intakes for calcium and vitamin D', que 'aunque el nivel sérico de 25-hidroxivitamina (25OHD) no está validado como sustituto de resultados en salud, puede servir como referencia', concluyendo que es razonable considerar 20 ng/mL como el umbral para casi toda la población1. '20' pasó a ser la cifra mágica. Pero la pregunta ahora ha cambiado: ¿es realmente la 25OHD total el parámetro que mejor mide la suficiencia en vitamina D?, ¿podría ser la fracción libre de 25OHD el marcador que cabría considerar? Encontrar una respuesta casi nunca es el fin de la búsqueda..., afortunadamente (AU)


In the last years, the number of scientific publications related to vitamin D has remarkably increased. The possible role of vitamin D in the non-bone health outcomes has led to the establishment by most international scientific societies of a new and lower threshold of deficiency and it has generated great concern the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency. Many reports have suggested that vitamin D deficiency is common worldwide. The controversy as to what constitutes adequate or optimal serum vitamin D status is especially evident in pediatric population in which epidemiologic studies are scarce. The free vitamin D hypothesis suggests that this fraction of circulating vitamin D may be a better indicator of vitamin D status, so promoting a new and interesting line of research. In 2011, the Institute of Medicine published its Review 'Dietary reference intakes for calcium and vitamin D' recognizing that, the serum 25OHD, although not validated as a substitute for health outcomes, could be used as an indexof vitamin D status, concluding that it is reasonable to consider 20 ng/mL as the threshold for most of people. '20' became the magic figure. But nowadays, the question becomes more complicated: what is the best marker of vitamin D status, total or free serum 25OHD? To find an answer rarely is the end of the search... fortunately (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Vitamin D/therapeutic use , Vitamin D Deficiency/diagnosis , Muscle Development , Muscle Development/physiology , Autoimmunity , Autoimmunity/physiology , Arterial Pressure , Vitamin D/analysis , Vitamin D/metabolism
7.
Rev Esp Quimioter ; 29(3): 146-50, 2016 Jun.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27092771

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Knowledge of urophatogens and antibiotic susceptibility should be used to assist with empirical urinary tract infection treatment. METHODS: We retrospectively analysed local bacterial pattern and antimicrobial susceptibility in positive urinary isolates from paediatric patients collected in the period 2009-2013. Results were compared with a previous study carried out in the same sanitary area between 1995 and 1999. RESULTS: We identified 2,762 urinary isolates. Escherichia coli was the most common uropathogen (58.9%), followed by Enterococcus sp. (11.6%) and Proteus mirabilis (10.9%). More than 95% of non extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli were susceptible to nitrofurantoin, fosfomycin, cefotaxime and aminoglycosides. However, 56%, 49%, and 22% of the E. coli isolates were resistant to ampicillin, oral first-generation cephalosporins, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, respectively. Ampicillin and amoxicillin-clavulanate were the most effective antibiotics to treat Enterococcus sp. and P. mirabilis, respectively. Not significant modifications were found compared to results published at the same area in the 90´s. CONCLUSIONS: E. coli was the mostly isolated uropathogen, with a high percentage of resistance to ampicillin, oral first-generation cephalosporins, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. These urinary isolates and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were similar to those reported in other paediatric studies and did not show significant changes compared to local previously published results. Thus, it can be considered that the current recommendations about empiric antibiotic therapy in paediatric urinary tract infections remain applicable nowadays.


Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Bacteria/drug effects , Bacteriuria/microbiology , Urinary Tract Infections/microbiology , Adolescent , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Child , Child, Preschool , Drug Resistance, Bacterial , Enterococcus , Escherichia coli , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Proteus mirabilis , Retrospective Studies , Urinary Tract Infections/drug therapy , Urinary Tract Infections/urine
8.
Acta pediatr. esp ; 73(11): e305-e312, dic. 2015. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-146964

ABSTRACT

La alimentación y la actividad física antes y durante el embarazo afectan de forma importante a la salud de la madre y de su hijo. Además, el periodo de lactancia acarrea un aumento de las necesidades de energía y nutrientes para la madre. Existe cada vez un mayor número de datos científicos sobre la trascendencia de la alimentación en las primeras etapas de la vida y el riesgo de desarrollar posteriormente enfermedad, que se engloba en la noción de «la nutrición en los mil primeros días». La intervención nutricional preventiva debería comenzar en el periodo periconcepcional, prolongarse durante el embarazo y los primeros años de vida y continuar como un programa de desarrollo de hábitos de vida saludable. Durante estos periodos es preciso que la mujer consiga alcanzar una ingesta suficiente de determinados nutrientes, más que un aumento en el aporte energético total. El pediatra debe considerarse un agente de salud pública clave para mejorar los hábitos de salud de toda la población. Desde el Comité de Nutrición de la Asociación Española de Pediatría se ha considerado de interés que el pediatra conozca las recomendaciones actuales para la alimentación de la mujer embarazada y lactante, con el fin de ejercer su influencia sobre la salud del recién nacido y del lactante (AU)


Diet and physical activity before and during pregnancy affect short- and long-term health of mother and child. Breastfeeding period is also a demanding time for the mother. There are clear data supporting the influence of the first thousand days in the life of a child in her future health and in the risk of chronic diseases. Nutrition is one of the major influences during this period. Nutrition advice during the pre-conception period as well as during pregnancy may enhance future health in the siblings. There is a need for certain nutrients more than increased energy requirements. Pediatricians have an important role as public health agents and needs to know how to provide accurate nutrition advice during pregnancy and lactation. This document attempts to fill this information gap and to develop appropriate protocols and counselling materials on maternal nutrition (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Infant , Prenatal Nutrition/education , Infant Nutrition/education , Foods for Pregnant and Nursing Mothers , Breast Feeding/trends , Prenatal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena , Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena , Guidelines as Topic
10.
Acta pediatr. esp ; 70(11): 410-417, dic. 2012.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-107836

ABSTRACT

En las últimas décadas se han ido imponiendo nuevas formas de alimentarse en consonancia con un modelo social basado en el consumo, y en el que la idea de dieta saludable ha cobrado un enorme interés comercial. Es frecuente que, al referirse a la comida rápida (fast food) y a la dieta mediterránea, tanto los medios de comunicación como algunos profesionales hagan valoraciones generales, imprecisas, y en las que se prescinde del sistema cultural y económico en el que ambos conceptos se han establecido. En el presente texto hacemos una recapitulación de diferentes informaciones técnicas sobre el tema y exponemos una visión de estos dos modos de alimentarse y de sus principales factores condicionantes. Señalamos también la importancia decisiva de la intervención educativa desde edades tempranas y el papel fundamental del pediatra de atención primaria en la prevención de las enfermedades relacionadas con la alimentación(AU)


In recent decades there have been imposing new forms of food consistent with a social model based on consumption and in which the idea of healthy eating has become a huge commercial interests. Often referring to fast food and the Mediterranean diet, both media and professionals make some general assessments, inaccurates and which ignore the cultural and economic system in which both concepts have been established. In this article we do a recap of various technical information on the subject and offer an overview of these two modes of feeding and its main determinants. We also note the critical importance of education from early childhood intervention and the role of the primary care pediatrician in the prevention of diet-related diseases(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child , Fast Foods , Diet, Mediterranean , Child Nutrition
11.
Nutr. hosp ; 27(6): 2028-2047, nov.-dic. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-112190

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Los padres son los principales responsables de la educación nutricional de sus hijos y es labor del pediatra orientar y resolver problemas al respecto. En este estudio se pretende conocer la relevancia de las cuestiones nutricionales en la consulta del pediatra y los principales problemas nutricionales percibidos en los menores de 3 años. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, transversal en dos fases. La primera consistió en entrevistas y grupos de discusión con 30 pediatras seleccionados aleatoriamente en Madrid y Barcelona. Los resultados se utilizaron para diseñar el cuestionario online (76 preguntas relacionadas con la nutrición en niños de 0-3 años) de la siguiente fase, en la que participaron pediatras seleccionados de forma aleatoria y representativa del territorio nacional. Resultados: De 258 pediatras seleccionados, completaron el cuestionario 151, que atendían a una media de 588 pacientes/mes. Los principales problemas nutricionales percibidos hasta los 12 meses fueron las deficiencias de hierro y vitaminas y la escasa ganancia de peso, y posteriormente la ingesta excesiva de carbohidratos y lípidos y el sobrepeso. Los padres fueron considerados los actores principales en la salud nutricional de sus hijos, pero su preocupación por esta cuestión se reduce significativamente (p < 0,0001) con la edad del niño. Los aspectos considerados más importantes para obtener unos buenos hábitos alimentarios fueron la alimentación adaptada a las necesidades del niño y respetar el tiempo de sueño. El porcentaje de pacientes que recibe recomendaciones de hábitos nutricionales varió del 88% (0-6 meses) al 61% (24-36 meses). Conclusiones: A pesar de considerar la salud nutricional importante, la intervención educativa del pediatra al respecto no es óptima. Los problemas nutricionales percibidos fueron distintos según la edad (AU)


Introduction: Parents are most responsible for nutritional education of children, and pediatritians must advise and help them with their doubts. The purpose of this study was to know the relevance of nutritional topics in daily practice and the main nutritional problems perceived by pediatritians in children under 3 years of age. Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional study performed in 2 stages. First stage consisted on discussion meetings with 30 random-selected pediatritians from Madrid and Barcelona. Results were used to design the on-line questionnaire of the second stage (76 questions related to nutrition in children under 3 years). A random and representative sample of Spanish pediatritians was selected for this stage. Results: One hundred and fifty one pediatritians, among 258 sampled, completed the questionnaire. They referred to see a mean of 588 patients/month. The main perceived nutritional problems in the first year of life were iron and vitamin deficiencies and poor weight gain. In the next months, excess in carbohydrates and lipid intake and overweight were the main problems perceived. Parents were considered the main actors regarding their children's nutritional health, but their concern in these questions significantly reduced with children's age (p < 0,0001). Factors considered to have the greatest relevance in the acquisition of good nutritional habits were to provide a diet adjusted for children's requirements and to observe the appropriate sleeping hours. The proportion of children who receive nutritional counseling varied from 88% (0-6 months) to 61% (24-36 months). Conclusions: Despite of the relevance given by pediatritians, educational intervention regarding nutritional health is not ideal. Nutritional problems perceived by pediatritians varied with children's age (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Child Nutrition Disorders/epidemiology , Infant Nutrition Disorders/epidemiology , Malnutrition/epidemiology , Obesity/epidemiology , Nutrition Assessment , Nutritional Status
12.
An. pediatr. (2003, Ed. impr.) ; 77(1): 57-57[e1-e8], jul. 2012. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-101261

ABSTRACT

Tanto el calcio como la vitamina D son nutrientes esenciales y con una función determinante en la salud ósea. En los últimos años hemos asistido a una animada controversia sobre los aportes necesarios para asegurar un adecuado estado de salud, dando lugar a numerosas publicaciones y posicionamientos dentro de la comunidad pediátrica. Para la vitamina D, en poco tiempo hemos visto como se ha pasado de la indicación de 400 U diarias, a 200 U y de nuevo a las 400 U, con algunos pronunciamientos que han tenido en cuenta no sólo su influencia sobre el tejido esquelético, sino también sobre el desarrollo de enfermedades crónicas, lo que ha generado nuevas expectativas. Este comentario quiere proporcionar a los pediatras una actualización sobre este tema y proponer unas recomendaciones para la ingesta de ambos nutrientes a la vista de las informaciones más recientes. Para la vitamina D este comité propone el aporte de 400 U/día en el niño menor de 1 año y de 600 U/día a partir de esa edad(AU)


Both calcium and vitamin D are essential nutrients with a crucial role in bone health, although in recent years there has been much controversy about the contributions required from both molecules to ensure adequate health. For vitamin D, in a short time, we have seen how it has gone from a recommendation of 400 IU daily, to 200 IU and again to 400 IU, with some statements that not only its influence on skeletal tissue has been taken into account, but also on the development of chronic diseases, which has led to new expectations. Our goal is to provide an update to paediatricians on this issue and propose recommendations for intake in the light of the latest information. For vitamin D the Committee proposes an intake of 400 IU/day in children under 1 year and 600 IU/day after that age(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Calcium, Dietary/administration & dosage , Calcium/administration & dosage , Calcium Deficiency , Infant Nutrition/standards , Child Nutrition , Adolescent Nutrition
13.
Acta pediatr. esp ; 70(5): 205-208, mayo 2012.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-101520

ABSTRACT

Los dos primeros años de vida representan un periodo de gran vulnerabilidad para el ser humano. Decidir la composición de la dieta o la forma de administrar los alimentos a esta edad obliga a conocer los riesgos generales e individuales que se puedan presentar en cada niño, afrontándolos desde un conocimiento suficiente de la fisiología de la digestión, la absorción y el metabolismo de los nutrientes y la semiología de los trastornos que pueden necesitar una valoración específica. En los últimos años, se ha ido produciendo una delegación de responsabilidades respecto a la alimentación del niño por parte de los pediatras y de alguno de sus órganos de representación. Las razones de esta delegación son múltiples y se analizan en este documento. La publicación de la Orden SAS/1730/2010, que regula el Programa Formativo de la Especialidad de Enfermería Pediátrica, es un punto más en esta pendiente. Basándose en la exigencia de cualificación profesional, de calidad en los procesos y servicios, en el presente texto se defiende la idea de que la alimentación del lactante debe ser decidida y supervisada por el pediatra(AU)


The first two years of life represent a period of great vulnerability for humans. Decide the composition of the diet or the way food can be administered at this age compel to know the general and individual risks that may arise in every child, confronting them from an adequate knowledge of the physiology of digestion, absorption and metabolism of nutrients and other signs of nutritional disorders that may require a specific assessment. In recent years it has been producing a delegation of responsibility for feeding the child by pediatricians and some of their representative institutions. The reasons for this delegation are many, and are discussed in this document. The publication of the Order SAS/1730/2010 regulating Specialist Educational Program Pediatric Nursing is a point on this tendency. Based on the requirement of professional qualifications, quality in processes and services, in this paper it is argued that the idea of infant feeding should be determined and monitored by the pediatrician(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Infant , Infant Nutrition/education , Diet/standards , Diet , Infant Nutrition Disorders/prevention & control , Education, Nursing , Education, Nursing/trends , Feeding Behavior , Nutritional Physiological Phenomena/physiology
14.
An Pediatr (Barc) ; 77(1): 57.e1-8, 2012 Jul.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22341774

ABSTRACT

Both calcium and vitamin D are essential nutrients with a crucial role in bone health, although in recent years there has been much controversy about the contributions required from both molecules to ensure adequate health. For vitamin D, in a short time, we have seen how it has gone from a recommendation of 400 IU daily, to 200 IU and again to 400 IU, with some statements that not only its influence on skeletal tissue has been taken into account, but also on the development of chronic diseases, which has led to new expectations. Our goal is to provide an update to paediatricians on this issue and propose recommendations for intake in the light of the latest information. For vitamin D the Committee proposes an intake of 400 IU/day in children under 1 year and 600 IU/day after that age.


Subject(s)
Calcium, Dietary/administration & dosage , Nutrition Policy , Vitamin D/administration & dosage , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Infant
15.
Acta pediatr. esp ; 70(2): 57-60, feb. 2012.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-99285

ABSTRACT

Las cepas enterohemorrágicas de Escherichia coli (EHEC) son patógenos zoonóticos de transmisión alimentaria asociados a epidemias y a casos esporádicos de diarrea y colitis hemorrágica, cuadros que pueden complicarse y dar lugar al síndrome hemolítico urémico (HUS). La importancia de las cepas EHEC se debe a la gravedad del HUS, que es la causa más frecuente de insuficiencia renal aguda en los niños en América y Europa. E. coli O157:H7 es el serotipo fundamental del patotipo EHEC. Ya hace años se predijo que cepas EHEC de otros serotipos podrían convertirse en importantes patógenos transmitidos por alimentos, y desde entonces estos microorganismos se han relacionado con numerosos casos de enfermedad en todo el mundo. La incidencia de estos serotipos distintos del O157:H7sigue creciendo, lo que significa que pueden considerarse patógenos emergentes. Un ejemplo reciente es el gran brote de infecciones transmitidas por los alimentos y causadas por EHEC O104:H4, que se centró principalmente en Alemania durante mayo y junio de 2011. La cepa responsable del brote posee una combinación de factores de virulencia típicos de diferentes patotipos de E. coli, lo que corrobora que la plasticidad de los genomas bacterianos facilita la emergencia de nuevos patógenos especialmente virulentos. Las investigaciones epidemiológicas identificaron el origen del brote en una partida de semillas de alholva (fenogreco) importadas de Egipto en 2009. La dimensión internacional de esta epidemia ilustra la urgente necesidad de mejorar la vigilancia epidemiológica de las cepas EHEC(AU)


Enterohaemorrhagic strains of Escherichia coli (EHEC) are foodborne zoonotic pathogens associated with major outbreaks and sporadic cases of diarrhoea and haemorrhagic colitisor bloody diarrhea, which can progress to the hemolyticuremic syndrome (HUS). The importance of EHEC lies in the severity of HUS, which is the most frequent cause of acute renal failure in children in the Americas and Europe. It was predicted years ago that EHEC strains other than the prototypic O157:H7 serotype would emerge as significant foodborne pathogens. Since then, these microorganisms have been linked to numerous outbreaks and sporadic cases of disease around the world. The incidence of these serotypes continues to grow, which means they can be considered emerging pathogens. A recent example is the large outbreak of foodborne infections caused by EHEC O104:H4, which was mainly centred in Germany lasting throughout May and June of 2011. The outbreaks train shows a combination of virulence factors from different E. coli pathotypes, highlighting the way in which the plasticity of bacterial genomes facilitates the emergence of new highly virulent pathogens. Epidemiologic investigations traced the origin of the outbreak to fenugreek seeds imported from Egyptin 2009. The international dimension of the outbreak illustrated the urgent need for improving the epidemiologic surveillance of EHEC(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli/pathogenicity , /epidemiology , Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome/epidemiology , Food Contamination , Foodborne Diseases/epidemiology , Shiga-Toxigenic Escherichia coli/pathogenicity , Renal Insufficiency/etiology
16.
Nutr Hosp ; 27(6): 2028-47, 2012.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23588455

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Parents are most responsible for nutritional education of children, and pediatricians must advise and help them with their doubts. The purpose of this study was to know the relevance of nutritional topics in daily practice and the main nutritional problems perceived by pediatricians in children under 3 years of age. METHODS: Descriptive, cross-sectional study performed in 2 stages. First stage consisted on discussion meetings with 30 random-selected pediatricians from Madrid and Barcelona. Results were used to design the on-line questionnaire of the second stage (76 questions related to nutrition in children under 3 years). A random and representative sample of Spanish pediatricians was selected for this stage. RESULTS: One hundred and fifty one pediatricians, among 258 sampled, completed the questionnaire. They referred to see a mean of 588 patients/month. The main perceived nutritional problems in the first year of life were iron and vitamin deficiencies and poor weight gain. In the next months, excess in carbohydrates and lipid intake and overweight were the main problems perceived. Parents were considered the main actors regarding their children's nutritional health, but their concern in these questions significantly reduced with children's age (p < 0,0001). Factors considered to have the greatest relevance in the acquisition of good nutritional habits were to provide a diet adjusted for children's requirements and to observe the appropriate sleeping hours. The proportion of children who receive nutritional counseling varied from 88% (0-6 months) to 61% (24-36 months). CONCLUSIONS: Despite of the relevance given by pediatricians, educational intervention regarding nutritional health is not ideal. Nutritional problems perceived by pediatricians varied with children's age.


Subject(s)
Child Nutrition Disorders/epidemiology , Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena , Child Nutrition Disorders/diagnosis , Child, Preschool , Feeding Behavior , Health Education , Health Promotion , Humans , Infant , Nutritional Status , Physicians , Spain/epidemiology , Surveys and Questionnaires
17.
Acta pediatr. esp ; 69(3): 121-127, mar. 2011. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-88476

ABSTRACT

En los últimos años la vitamina D ha vuelto a ser tema de actualidad en la literatura científica internacional. Las principales causas de ello son las interesantes hipótesis sobre nuevas funciones no relacionadas con el metabolismo mineral, la persistencia de casos de raquitismo en distintos países del mundo y un nuevo concepto: la deficiencia subclínica, que podría afectar a determinados grupos de población. Recientemente, algunas guías oficiales sobre profilaxis con vitamina D han experimentado cambios, y el aporte adecuado de vitamina D ha sido revisado y modificado por el Food and Nutrition Board, teniendo en cuenta estas consideraciones. Actualmente, en nuestro país se recomienda administrar 400UI/día de vitamina D a todos los lactantes que consuman menos de 1 L de leche fortificada al día, y también a los niños y adolescentes que no consigan este aporte por los alimentos y/o una adecuada exposición solar, que es también la tendencia observada en otros países. Existen conceptos pendientes de clarificar, como el umbral de deficiencia en los lactantes y niños, la influencia de algunos factores ambientales en dicho umbral y los parámetros de referencia sobre la salud para este grupo de población. Los niños con factores de riesgo específicos, bien definidos, pueden requerir un estudio del metabolismo mineral, y cada situación debe ser individualizada en el contexto de las recomendaciones generales (AU)


In the last years vitamin D has once again become a topical issue in the scientific literature; interesting hypothesis about new functions not linked to the mineral metabolism, the concern about the return of clinical rickets worldwide and a new concept: the subclinical deficiency, which could affect determined groups of the population, are the main causes. Recently some official guidelines about prophylaxis with vitamin D have experimented changes and the adequate intake of vitamin D has been revised and modified by the Food and Nutrition Board taking this considerations into account. At present, in our country, the new recommended daily intake of vitamin D is of 400 IU/day for all infants who are ingesting less than 1.000 mL/day of vitamin D-fortified formula or milk. The children and adolescents who do not obtain this amount per day through vitamin D-fortified milk and vitamin D-fortified foods, or by sun exposure, should receive this vitamin D supplement. This recommendation is also common in other countries. There are controversial concepts, such as the threshold of deficiency in infants and children, the influence of environmental factors in this threshold and the functional outcome for this population. Children with specific risk factors, well defined, may require a study of mineral metabolism, and the situations should be individualized in the context of general recommendations (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Rickets/prevention & control , Vitamin D/therapeutic use , Vitamin D Deficiency/prevention & control , Dietary Vitamins/analysis , Risk Factors
18.
An. pediatr. (2003, Ed. impr.) ; 74(1): 3-9, ene. 2011. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-90244

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Existen pocos datos publicados que hayan analizado el estado de la masa ósea de la población infantil española y si muestra diferencias motivadas por los hábitos higiénico-dietéticos o por la variabilidad geográfica. Pacientes y métodos: Para valorar esta relación planteamos un estudio transversal en tres zonas geográficas diferentes (norte, centro y sur de España) en 1.176 escolares de 5 a 12 años de edad, midiendo mediante osteosonografía la densidad ósea a niños en falanges distales. Se correlacionaron estos datos con la ingesta de calcio y vitamina D, el nivel de actividad física y el índice de masa corporal. La muestra se obtuvo de todos los colegios de cada área y los niños incluidos en el mismo fueron seleccionados aleatoriamente. Resultados: De los 1.176 niños estudiados, solo se obtuvieron encuestas nutricionales completas en 1.035 y datos de la osteosonografía en 991. Un 18% de las niñas y un 13% de los niños presentaron una ingesta de menos de 800mg/d de calcio. Más del 70% de los niños estudiados ingerían menos de 2,5mcg de vitamina D al día. Las variables edad, sobrepeso y ejercicio físico muestran una relación lineal con la densidad ósea, que en todos los casos es directa salvo para el sobrepeso, que presenta una relación inversa (a mayor complexión del niño/a, menor densidad ósea). Conclusiones: La mayor ingesta de calcio y una actividad física adecuada se asociaron a una densidad mineral ósea mejor, mientras que el sobrepeso mostró el efecto contrario. Es preciso adecuar los hábitos dietéticos y la actividad física de los niños en edad escolar como prevención primaria de la osteoporosis en la edad adulta (AU)


Introduction: There are limited data available on bone mass status in Spanish children and or whether the differences are associated with diet/hygiene habits or geographical variability. Subjects and methods: To determine this association a cross-sectional study was carried out in three different areas (northern, central and southern Spain) and included 1176 schoolchildren between 5 and 12 years old, randomly selected from schools in those areas. Bone density of the distal phalanges was measured by bone ultrasound. We examine the correlations between these data and calcium and vitamin D intake, physical activity and bone mass index. Results: Of the 1176 children initially included, 1035 nutritional questionnaires were completed and bone ultrasound data were obtained on 991 of them. Eighteen percent of girls and 13% of boys had a calcium intake below 800mg per day. More than 70% of children have a daily vitamin D intake under 2.5mcg. Age and exercise showed a direct linear relationship with bone mineral density, and an inverse one for overweight. Conclusions: Both high physical activity and high calcium intake were associated with a higher bone mineral density, while overweight showed the opposite effect. Diet habits and exercise must be considered the main strategies to prevent adult osteoporosis during childhood (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Bone Density , Osteoporosis/epidemiology , Bone Diseases, Metabolic/epidemiology , Bone Diseases, Metabolic , Calcium, Dietary/administration & dosage
19.
An Pediatr (Barc) ; 74(1): 3-9, 2011 Jan.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20826118

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: There are limited data available on bone mass status in Spanish children and or whether the differences are associated with diet/hygiene habits or geographical variability. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: To determine this association a cross-sectional study was carried out in three different areas (northern, central and southern Spain) and included 1176 schoolchildren between 5 and 12 years old, randomly selected from schools in those areas. Bone density of the distal phalanges was measured by bone ultrasound. We examine the correlations between these data and calcium and vitamin D intake, physical activity and bone mass index. RESULTS: Of the 1176 children initially included, 1035 nutritional questionnaires were completed and bone ultrasound data were obtained on 991 of them. Eighteen percent of girls and 13% of boys had a calcium intake below 800 mg per day. More than 70% of children have a daily vitamin D intake under 2.5 mcg. Age and exercise showed a direct linear relationship with bone mineral density, and an inverse one for overweight. CONCLUSIONS: Both high physical activity and high calcium intake were associated with a higher bone mineral density, while overweight showed the opposite effect. Diet habits and exercise must be considered the main strategies to prevent adult osteoporosis during childhood.


Subject(s)
Bone Density , Calcium/administration & dosage , Child , Child, Preschool , Cross-Sectional Studies , Diet , Female , Health Status , Humans , Male , Spain , Urban Health
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