ABSTRACT
Resumen: Introducción: las fracturas del radio distal son las más comunes en extremidades superiores. Estandarizar las mediciones radiográficas para su abordaje quirúrgico es importante. Este estudio midió la reproducibilidad intra/interobservador de parámetros radiográficos asociados al éxito quirúrgico en estas fracturas. Material y métodos: diseño transversal retrospectivo con datos secundarios de expedientes clínicos. Se evaluaron radiografías de 112 fracturas en planos posteroanterior y lateral por dos traumatólogos estandarizados en toma de mediciones para calcular cinco parámetros indicativos de éxito postquirúrgico: altura radial, inclinación radial, inclinación volar, varianza cubital y escalón articular. La reproducibilidad de distancias y ángulos se evaluó con el método de Bland-Altman calculando: diferencia media entre mediciones, rango a ± 2 DE y proporción de mediciones fuera de ± 2 DE. El éxito postquirúrgico se comparó en pacientes con/sin obesidad según la media de las dos mediciones de cada evaluador. Resultados: el evaluador 1 tuvo la mayor diferencia intraobservador en altura radial (0.16 mm) y la mayor proporción fuera de ± 2 DE en varianza cubital (8.1%); el evaluador 2 tuvo la mayor diferencia en inclinación volar (1.92o) y la mayor proporción en inclinación radial (10.7%). La mayor diferencia interobservador fue en varianza cubital (1.02 mm) y la mayor proporción fuera de ± 2 DE en altura radial (5.4%). La inclinación radial tuvo la mayor diferencia (1.41o) con 4.5% de mediciones fuera de ± 2 DE. La varianza cubital y la inclinación volar tuvieron la mayor diferencia de éxito postquirúrgico entre evaluadores, sobre todo en pacientes con obesidad. Conclusión: mejorar la calidad radiográfica y estandarizar las mediciones resulta en indicadores más reproducibles.
Abstract: Introduction: distal radius fractures are the most common in upper extremities. Therefore, it is important to standardize radiographic measures for their surgical approach. This study assessed the intra/interobserver reproducibility of radiographic parameters associated with surgical success of distal radius fractures. Material and methods: retrospective cross-sectional design of secondary data extracted from clinical records. Posteroanterior and lateral X-rays of 112 distal radius fractures were assessed by two trauma specialists standardized in the measurements required to compute five parameters indicative of postoperative success: radial height, radial inclination, volar tilt, ulnar variance, and articular stepoff. The reproducibility of distances and angles was evaluated using the Bland-Altman method, calculating the mean of the difference between measurements, the range at ± 2 SD, and the proportion of measurements outside ± 2 SD. Postoperative success was also compared between patients with and without obesity according to the mean of the two measures made by each evaluator. Results: evaluator 1 had the largest intra-observer difference in radial height (0.16 mm) and the largest proportion outside ± 2 SD in ulnar variance (8.1%); evaluator 2 had the largest difference in volar tilt (1.92o) and the highest proportion in radial inclination (10.7%). The largest inter-observer difference was for ulnar variance (1.02 mm) and the largest proportion outside ± 2 SD. for radial height (5.4%). Radial tilt had the largest difference (1.41o) with 4.5% of measurements outside ± 2 SD. Ulnar variance and volar tilt had the largest difference in postoperative success between evaluators, especially in patients with obesity. Conclusion: improving the radiographic quality and standardizing the measurements results in more reproducible indicators.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: distal radius fractures are the most common in upper extremities. Therefore, it is important to standardize radiographic measures for their surgical approach. This study assessed the intra/interobserver reproducibility of radiographic parameters associated with surgical success of distal radius fractures. MATERIAL AND METHODS: retrospective cross-sectional design of secondary data extracted from clinical records. Posteroanterior and lateral X-rays of 112 distal radius fractures were assessed by two trauma specialists standardized in the measurements required to compute five parameters indicative of postoperative success: radial height, radial inclination, volar tilt, ulnar variance, and articular stepoff. The reproducibility of distances and angles was evaluated using the Bland-Altman method, calculating the mean of the difference between measurements, the range at ± 2 SD, and the proportion of measurements outside ± 2 SD. Postoperative success was also compared between patients with and without obesity according to the mean of the two measures made by each evaluator. RESULTS: evaluator 1 had the largest intra-observer difference in radial height (0.16 mm) and the largest proportion outside ± 2 SD in ulnar variance (8.1%); evaluator 2 had the largest difference in volar tilt (1.92o) and the highest proportion in radial inclination (10.7%). The largest inter-observer difference was for ulnar variance (1.02 mm) and the largest proportion outside ± 2 SD. for radial height (5.4%). Radial tilt had the largest difference (1.41o) with 4.5% of measurements outside ± 2 SD. Ulnar variance and volar tilt had the largest difference in postoperative success between evaluators, especially in patients with obesity. CONCLUSION: improving the radiographic quality and standardizing the measurements results in more reproducible indicators.
INTRODUCCIÓN: las fracturas del radio distal son las más comunes en extremidades superiores. Estandarizar las mediciones radiográficas para su abordaje quirúrgico es importante. Este estudio midió la reproducibilidad intra/interobservador de parámetros radiográficos asociados al éxito quirúrgico en estas fracturas. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: diseño transversal retrospectivo con datos secundarios de expedientes clínicos. Se evaluaron radiografías de 112 fracturas en planos posteroanterior y lateral por dos traumatólogos estandarizados en toma de mediciones para calcular cinco parámetros indicativos de éxito postquirúrgico: altura radial, inclinación radial, inclinación volar, varianza cubital y escalón articular. La reproducibilidad de distancias y ángulos se evaluó con el método de Bland-Altman calculando: diferencia media entre mediciones, rango a ± 2 DE y proporción de mediciones fuera de ± 2 DE. El éxito postquirúrgico se comparó en pacientes con/sin obesidad según la media de las dos mediciones de cada evaluador. RESULTADOS: el evaluador 1 tuvo la mayor diferencia intraobservador en altura radial (0.16 mm) y la mayor proporción fuera de ± 2 DE en varianza cubital (8.1%); el evaluador 2 tuvo la mayor diferencia en inclinación volar (1.92o) y la mayor proporción en inclinación radial (10.7%). La mayor diferencia interobservador fue en varianza cubital (1.02 mm) y la mayor proporción fuera de ± 2 DE en altura radial (5.4%). La inclinación radial tuvo la mayor diferencia (1.41o) con 4.5% de mediciones fuera de ± 2 DE. La varianza cubital y la inclinación volar tuvieron la mayor diferencia de éxito postquirúrgico entre evaluadores, sobre todo en pacientes con obesidad. CONCLUSIÓN: mejorar la calidad radiográfica y estandarizar las mediciones resulta en indicadores más reproducibles.
Subject(s)
Radius Fractures , Wrist Fractures , Humans , Retrospective Studies , Reproducibility of Results , Cross-Sectional Studies , Radius Fractures/diagnostic imaging , Radius Fractures/surgery , Radius , Fracture Fixation, Internal/methods , Bone Plates , Range of Motion, Articular , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Low protein expression of E-cadherin in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has been associated with clinical and histopathological traits such as metastases, recurrence, low survival and poor tumor differentiation, and it is considered a high-risk marker of malignancy. However, it is still unknown whether low expression of E-cadherin is also present at the mRNA level in OSCC cases. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare E-cadherin mRNA expression in OSCC patients and controls and to correlate the expression with clinical and prospective characteristics. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty patients and 40 controls were enrolled. E-cadherin mRNA expression was evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction using TaqMan probes. RESULTS: E-cadherin mRNA expression was significantly decreased in OSCC patients compared to that of controls (p<0.001). Whereas no significant association between clinical parameters and E-cadherin expression levels was observed, we noted lower E-cadherin expression levels in patients with positive lymph node metastasis. CONCLUSIONS: E-cadherin mRNA expression was markedly diminished in OSCC, in agreement with previous results that examined E-cadherin expression at the protein level. E-cadherin is downregulated in the early clinical stages of OSCC, and its mRNA levels do not change significantly in the advanced stages, suggesting that there is limited usefulness of this parameter for predicting disease progression.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell , Mouth Neoplasms , Biomarkers, Tumor , Cadherins , Humans , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local , Prognosis , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy complex disease, distinguished by high blood pressure and proteinuria, diagnosed after the 20th gestation week. Depending on the values of blood pressure, urine protein concentrations, symptomatology, and onset of disease there is a wide range of phenotypes, from mild forms developing predominantly at the end of pregnancy to severe forms developing in the early stage of pregnancy. In the worst cases severe forms of PE could lead to systemic endothelial dysfunction, eclampsia, and maternal and/or fetal death. Worldwide the fetal morbidity and mortality related to PE is calculated to be around 8% of the total pregnancies. PE still being an enigma regarding its etiology and pathophysiology, in general a deficient trophoblast invasion during placentation at first stage of pregnancy, in combination with maternal conditions are accepted as a cause of endothelial dysfunction, inflammatory alterations and appearance of symptoms. Depending on the PE multifactorial origin, several in vitro, in vivo, and in silico models have been used to evaluate the PE pathophysiology as well as to identify or test biomarkers predicting, diagnosing or prognosing the syndrome. This review focuses on the most common models used for the study of PE, including those related to placental development, abnormal trophoblast invasion, uteroplacental ischemia, angiogenesis, oxygen deregulation, and immune response to maternal-fetal interactions. The advances in mathematical and computational modeling of metabolic network behavior, gene prioritization, the protein-protein interaction network, the genetics of PE, and the PE prediction/classification are discussed. Finally, the potential of these models to enable understanding of PE pathogenesis and to evaluate new preventative and therapeutic approaches in the management of PE are also highlighted. Impact statement This review is important to the field of preeclampsia (PE), because it provides a description of the principal in vitro, in vivo, and in silico models developed for the study of its principal aspects, and to test emerging therapies or biomarkers predicting the syndrome before their evaluation in clinical trials. Despite the current advance, the field still lacking of new methods and original modeling approaches that leads to new knowledge about pathophysiology. The part of in silico models described in this review has not been considered in the previous reports.
Subject(s)
Models, Biological , Models, Theoretical , Pre-Eclampsia/pathology , Pre-Eclampsia/physiopathology , Systems Biology/methods , Female , Humans , PregnancyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to assess the potential clinical value of the concentration of soluble salivary E-cadherin (sE-cadherin) compared with the clinical value of the presence of membranous E-cadherin (mE-cadherin) in oral squamous cell carcinoma tumor tissues. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data regarding patient demographics, clinical stage, saliva and tumor tissue samples were collected. The saliva was analyzed for sE-cadherin protein levels and was compared to the mE-cadherin immunohistochemical expression levels in tumor tissues, which were assessed via the HercepTest® method. Patients without cancer were included in the study as a control group for comparisons of the sE-cadherin levels. RESULTS: sE-cadherin levels in the saliva of patients without cancer were lower than those in patients with cancer, and the difference was statistically significant (p=0.031). Low mE-cadherin expression was statistically significantly associated with lymph node positivity (p=0.015) and advanced clinical stage (p=0.001). The inverse relationship between mE-cadherin and sE-cadherin was significant in terms of lymph node positivity (p=0.014) and advanced clinical stage (p=0.037). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that sE-cadherin levels are significantly increased in patients with oral cancer and that its low expression within the membrane as well as the progression of the disease appear to be inversely associated with levels of sE-cadherin in the saliva.
Subject(s)
Cadherins/analysis , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/chemistry , Mouth Neoplasms/chemistry , Saliva/chemistry , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Mouth Neoplasms/pathology , Neoplasm StagingABSTRACT
The central dogma of gene therapy relies on the application of novel therapeutic genes to treat or prevent diseases. The main types of vectors used for gene transfer are adenovirus, retrovirus, lentivirus, liposome, and adeno-associated virus vectors. Gene therapy has emerged as a promising alternative for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. The main targets are cytokines, co-stimulatory molecules, and different types of cells from hematological and mesenchymal sources. In this review, we focus on molecules with anti-inflammatory effects used for in vivo gene therapy mediated by adenoviral gene transfer in the treatment of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, with particular emphasis on autoinflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
Subject(s)
Adenoviridae/immunology , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use , Autoimmune Diseases/therapy , Disease Models, Animal , Genetic Therapy/methods , Genetic Vectors , Inflammation/therapy , Animals , Autoimmune Diseases/immunology , Biological Products/therapeutic use , Inflammation/immunology , Mice , Rabbits , RatsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) expression levels of hemeoxygenase 1 (HMOX-1), superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD-1), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-ß1), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-15 and AdipoQ genes to study their association with preeclampsia (PE). METHODS: A total of 177 pregnant women were recruited: 108 cases and 69 controls. Quantification of gene expression was measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using TaqMan probes. RESULTS: Underexpression of VEGF-A and TGF-ß1 was a constant in most of the cases (80.91% and 76.36%, respectively) and their expression was associated with onset and/or severity of disease (p values < 0.05). IL-6, IL-15 and AdipoQ, showed low or no expression in PBMC samples evaluated. CONCLUSION: PBMC underexpression of VEGF-A and TGF-ß1 is a hallmark of PE in the study population.
Subject(s)
Biomarkers/metabolism , Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism , Pre-Eclampsia/metabolism , Adiponectin/metabolism , Adolescent , Adult , Case-Control Studies , Female , Heme Oxygenase-1/metabolism , Humans , Interleukin-15/metabolism , Interleukin-6/metabolism , Pre-Eclampsia/genetics , Pregnancy , Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism , Superoxide Dismutase-1 , Transforming Growth Factor beta1/metabolism , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism , Young AdultABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene is an important angiogenesis regulator related to cancer development and progression. We evaluated the association between -2578 C/A (rs699947) VEGF polymorphism and PCa in Mexican subjects, to contribute to knowledge of VEGF role in genetic epidemiology of prostate cancer (PCa). OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between -2578 C/A VEGF variant and PCa in Mexican population. METHODS: A total of 249 men (77 PCa cases and 172 controls) from the Northwestern region of Mexico were screened for the -2578 C/A VEGF variant. The polymorphism was determined by polymerase chain reaction-based restriction analysis. RESULTS: Genotype frequencies for C/C, C/A, and A/A, were 0.48, 0.49, 0.03 for cases and 0.41, 0.45, 0.14 for controls respectively. Genotype A/A of -2578 VEGF variant reduces the risk of PCa in an 84% among studied population (Odds Ratio 0.16; 95% CI: 0.04-0.71, P=0.007). C/C carriers showed an increased PCa risk of 6.1 times among the study population. CONCLUSIONS: Inheritance of -2578 A/A genotype of VEGF gene may modify PCa susceptibility risk in Mexican population.
Subject(s)
Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Prostatic Neoplasms/genetics , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/genetics , Age Factors , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Alleles , Case-Control Studies , Gene Frequency , Genetic Association Studies , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Genotype , Humans , Inheritance Patterns , Male , Mexico , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Grading , Odds Ratio , Prostate-Specific Antigen/blood , Prostatic Neoplasms/blood , Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Olfactomedin-like is a family of polyfunctional polymeric glycoproteins. This family has at least four members. One member of this family is OLFML3, which is preferentially expressed in placenta but is also detected in other adult tissues including the liver and heart. However, its orthologous rat gene is expressed in the iris, sclera, trabecular meshwork, retina, and optic nerve. METHODS: OLFML3 messenger amplification was performed by RT-PCR from human and baboon ocular tissues. The products were cloned and sequenced. RESULTS: We report OLFML3 expression in human and baboon eye. The full coding DNA sequence has 1221 bp, from which an open reading frame of 406 amino acid was obtained. The baboon OLFML3 gene nucleotidic sequence has 98% and amino acidic 99% similarity with humans. CONCLUSIONS: OLFML3 gene expression in human and baboon ocular tissues and its high similarity make the baboon a powerful model to deduce the physiological and/or metabolic function of this protein in the eye.
Subject(s)
Eye/metabolism , Glycoproteins/genetics , Papio hamadryas/genetics , Adolescent , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Amino Acid Sequence , Animals , Child , Cloning, Molecular , DNA, Complementary/genetics , DNA, Complementary/metabolism , Glycoproteins/metabolism , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Molecular Sequence Data , Organ Specificity , Papio hamadryas/metabolism , Polymerase Chain Reaction , RNA, Messenger/genetics , RNA, Messenger/metabolism , Sequence Alignment , SpainABSTRACT
We previously documented the lowest frequency of CYP2C9*2 in Mexican indigenous Tepehuanos followed by Mestizos and Mexican-Americans populations, suggesting a negative correlation between the CYP2C9*2 frequency and the degree of Asian ancestry in indigenous Americans. We determined the influence of ethnic admixture components on the CYP2C9 allele distribution in 505 Amerindian from eight indigenous populations through genotyping CYP2C9*2, *3 and *6 alleles by real-time PCR and molecular evaluation of ancestry. The frequencies for CYP2C9*2 were 0.026 in Seris and 0.057 in Mayos, being higher than in Asians (P<0.001). CYP2C9*3 was found in Tarahumaras (0.104), Mayos (0.091), Tepehuanos (0.075), Guarijíos (0.067), Huicholes (0.033) and Coras (0.037), with East Asians having lower frequencies than the former three groups (P<0.001). CYP2C9*6 was not found. The frequency of CYP2C9*2 was lower in Amerindians than in European populations, and higher than their Asian ancestors. The presence of this allele in ethnic groups in Mexico can be explained by European admixture.
