ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Anterior spinal artery syndrome, usually resulting in flaccid paraplegia, is a rare but disastrous complication that can occur after surgery of aortic aneurysms and aortic dissections. Spinal cord infarct as the initial clinical presentation of aortic dissection is a very rare finding. CASE REPORT: A 42-year-old male patient who comes to the emergency department due to severe chest pain associated with presyncope and paraplegia of the lower limbs in the context of type A aortic dissection. CONCLUSIONS: Recognizing this atypical clinical presentation of aortic dissection and knowing how to approach it is critical for an early diagnosis and to minimize the risk of spinal cord ischemia during surgery.
ANTECEDENTES: La lesión de la médula espinal, generalmente resultante en paraplejia flácida, es una complicación rara, pero desastrosa, que puede ocurrir tras intervenciones quirúrgicas de aneurismas o disecciones de aorta. La presentación clínica inicial de una disección de aorta como un síndrome de la arteria espinal anterior es un hallazgo muy infrecuente. CASO CLÍNICO: Varón de 42 años que acude al servicio de urgencias hospitalario por dolor torácico intenso asociado a cuadro presincopal y paraplejia de miembros inferiores en el contexto de una disección de aorta tipo A. CONCLUSIONES: Reconocer esta forma de presentación clínica y saber cómo realizar un abordaje adecuado es fundamental para el diagnóstico precoz y para minimizar el riesgo quirúrgico de presentar isquemia medular.
Subject(s)
Anterior Spinal Artery Syndrome/etiology , Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/complications , Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/complications , Aortic Dissection/complications , Paraplegia/etiology , Adult , Aortic Dissection/surgery , Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/diagnostic imaging , Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/surgery , Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/diagnostic imaging , Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/surgery , Chest Pain/etiology , Dilatation, Pathologic/diagnostic imaging , Dilatation, Pathologic/surgery , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Renal Artery/diagnostic imaging , Spinal Cord/diagnostic imaging , Spine/diagnostic imaging , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Peripheral arterial disease and coronary artery disease are frequently associated. The percutaneous approach may sometimes involve additional difficulties to the coronary artery disease. CLINICAL CASE: The case is presented on an 82 year-old male patient with multiple cardiovascular risk factors, a Leriche syndrome and axillobifemoral bypass, who was admitted to hospital due to an inferior myocardial infarction. The procedure approach (radial, brachial, or femoral access routes for percutaneous coronary treatment) and associated complications from the procedure are discussed. CONCLUSION: Although technical improvements and/or treatment of peripheral vascular lesions may allow percutaneous coronary intervention, individual risk and benefit in each patient must be assessed.
Subject(s)
Acute Coronary Syndrome/surgery , Axillary Artery/surgery , Femoral Artery/surgery , Leriche Syndrome/surgery , Percutaneous Coronary Intervention/methods , Peripheral Arterial Disease/surgery , Acute Coronary Syndrome/diagnostic imaging , Aged, 80 and over , Brachial Artery , Calcinosis/diagnostic imaging , Calcinosis/surgery , Humans , Male , Peripheral Arterial Disease/diagnostic imaging , Radial ArteryABSTRACT
La coartación de aorta es una de las cardiopatías congénitas intervenidas más frecuentes en la edad adulta. En estos pacientes, hay una mayor incidencia de hipertensión arterial durante las actividades diarias y el ejercicio, a pesar de una correcta cirugía reparadora. Dado que la hipertensión arterial, en ocasiones, solo se demuestra al realizar un monitoreo de la tensión arterial (hipertensión arterial oculta), debemos también estar atentos a la aparición de signos indirectos, como el desarrollo de hipertrofia ventricular izquierda.(AU)
Coarctation of the aorta, repaired in childhood, is a congenital heart disease frequently seen in adulthood. In these patients there is a higher incidence ofhypertension during daily activities and exercise despite a correct surgical repair. Since hypertension may only be seen by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (occult arterial hypertension) we should also look for indirect signs, such as the development of left ventricular hypertrophy.(AU)
ABSTRACT
La coartación de aorta es una de las cardiopatías congénitas intervenidas más frecuentes en la edad adulta. En estos pacientes, hay una mayor incidencia de hipertensión arterial durante las actividades diarias y el ejercicio, a pesar de una correcta cirugía reparadora. Dado que la hipertensión arterial, en ocasiones, solo se demuestra al realizar un monitoreo de la tensión arterial (hipertensión arterial oculta), debemos también estar atentos a la aparición de signos indirectos, como el desarrollo de hipertrofia ventricular izquierda.
Coarctation of the aorta, repaired in childhood, is a congenital heart disease frequently seen in adulthood. In these patients there is a higher incidence ofhypertension during daily activities and exercise despite a correct surgical repair. Since hypertension may only be seen by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (occult arterial hypertension) we should also look for indirect signs, such as the development of left ventricular hypertrophy.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Aortic Coarctation/surgery , Postoperative Complications/diagnosis , Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular , Down Syndrome , Asymptomatic Diseases , Hypertension/diagnosisABSTRACT
Coarctation of the aorta, repaired in childhood, is a congenital heart disease frequently seen in adulthood. In these patients there is a higher incidence of hypertension during daily activities and exercise despite a correct surgical repair. Since hypertension may only be seen by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (occult arterial hypertension) we should also look for indirect signs, such as the development of left ventricular hypertrophy.
Subject(s)
Aortic Coarctation/surgery , Asymptomatic Diseases , Hypertension/diagnosis , Postoperative Complications/diagnosis , Adolescent , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS), an important cause of severe birth defects, remains a public health problem in a significant number of countries. Therefore, global health experts encourage use of rubella vaccination, with the primary aim of preventing CRS. While large-scale rubella vaccination during the last decade has drastically reduced or eliminated both the virus and CRS in Europe and the Americas, many countries in Africa, South-East Asia, the Eastern Mediterranean, and the Western Pacific have not yet incorporated any type of rubella-containing vaccine into their immunization schedule. As a result, through travel and migration, rubella has been imported into countries that had successfully eliminated the virus, leading to outbreaks and the reestablishment of endemic transmission. The objective of this study was to identify the key factors required for CRS elimination (prevalence reduction, vaccination strategies, and surveillance methods) by reviewing publications in PubMed on rubella and CRS (systematic reviews, country experiences, and position papers from the World Health Organization (WHO) and other intergovernmental organizations). Based on the results of the review, to eliminate rubella and CRS in endemic areas and reduce re-emergence in previously disease-free areas, all countries should carry out two types of mass rubella vaccination campaigns: 1) one single mass national immunization campaign targeting all men and women 5-39+ years old (with the upper age limit depending on the year in which the rubella-containing vaccine was introduced and the epidemiology of rubella in the country) and 2) incorporation of an rubella-containing vaccine in routine childhood immunization programs, including regular vaccination campaigns for 12-month-olds and measles follow-up campaigns. In addition to mass rubella immunization campaigns and routine childhood vaccination programs, the following measures should be taken to help fight rubella and CRS: 1) surveillance of the number of susceptible women of childbearing age, and the emergence of imported cases; 2) coverage of susceptible populations with "second-chance" ("catch-up") campaigns (vaccination of older children and adults who may have missed earlier immunization programs); 3) rapid response to outbreaks; 4) strengthening of CRS surveillance; 5) involvement of the private sector in awareness and vaccination campaigns; and 6) reduction of the number of false-positive laboratory test results.
El síndrome de rubéola congénita (SRC), una causa importante de defectos congénitos graves, sigue siendo un problema de salud pública en un número significativo de países. Por consiguiente, los expertos mundiales en salud promueven el uso de la vacunación antirrubeólica con el objetivo primario de prevenir el SRC. Aunque, durante el último decenio, la vacunación antirrubeólica administrada a gran escala ha reducido drásticamente o eliminado tanto el virus como el SRC en Europa y la Región de las Américas, muchos países de África, Asia Sudoriental, el Mediterráneo Oriental y el Pacífico Occidental aún no han incorporado ningún tipo de vacuna con componente antirrubeólico en su calendario de vacunaciones. Como resultado, y a consecuencia de los viajes y las migraciones, la rubéola se ha importado a países que habían eliminado eficazmente el virus, provocando brotes y el restablecimiento de la transmisión endémica. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar los factores clave requeridos para la eliminación del SRC (reducción de la prevalencia, estrategias de vacunación y métodos de vigilancia) mediante la revisión de publicaciones aparecidas en PubMed sobre la rubéola y el SRC (revisiones sistemáticas, experiencias de países y documentos de posición de la Organización Mundial de la Salud y otras organizaciones intergubernamentales). Con base en los resultados de la revisión, y con objeto de eliminar la rubéola y el SRC en las zonas endémicas y reducir su reaparición en las zonas previamente libres de la enfermedad, todos los países deben llevar a cabo dos tipos de campañas de vacunación antirrubeólica masivas: 1) una única campaña de vacunación masiva a escala nacional dirigida a todos los hombres y mujeres de 5 a 39 años de edad (el límite superior de edad depende del año de introducción de la vacuna con componente antirrubeólico y de la epidemiología de la rubéola en el país), y 2) la incorporación de una vacuna con componente antirrubeólico en los programas sistemáticos de vacunación infantil, incluidas las campañas regulares de vacunación dirigidas a lactantes de 12 meses de edad y las campañas de seguimiento de las enfermedades exantemáticas. Además de las campañas de vacunación masiva contra la rubéola y los programas sistemáticos de vacunación infantil, se deben aplicar las siguientes medidas para ayudar a combatir la rubéola y el SRC: 1) la vigilancia de las mujeres en edad fecunda susceptibles, y de la aparición de casos importados; 2) la cobertura de las poblaciones vulnerables mediante campañas de "segunda oportunidad" ("puesta al día") (vacunación de niños mayores y adultos a los que no hubieran alcanzado los programas de vacunación anteriores); 3) la respuesta rápida ante los brotes; 4) el fortalecimiento de la vigilancia del SRC; 5) la participación del sector privado en las campañas de concientización y vacunación; y 6) la reducción del número de resultados de pruebas de laboratorio falsamente positivos.
Subject(s)
Rubella Syndrome, Congenital/complications , Rubella Syndrome, Congenital/diagnosis , Rubella Syndrome, Congenital/prevention & control , Rubella Syndrome, Congenital/transmissionSubject(s)
Rubella , Prevalence , Vaccination , Africa , Americas , Asia , Europe , Mediterranean Region , Pacific Islands , Rubella , Rubella Syndrome, Congenital , Prevalence , Vaccination , Americas , Asia, Southeastern , Europe , Mediterranean Region , Pacific IslandsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Long-term complications of Down syndrome patients with congenital heart disease are poorly known. METHODS: We carried out a retrospective study of Down syndrome patients with congenital heart disease and patients with atrioventricular septal defect with and without Down syndrome. RESULTS: Between 2004 and 2008, 317 patients with congenital heart disease were followed-up in the Adult Congenital Heart Disease Unit. Of these patients, 19 (6%) with a mean age of 26.8 +/- 8.1 years had Down syndrome. Atrioventricular septal defect was the most frequent congenital heart disease(63%) followed by ventricular septal defect (26%). Ten patients (53%) were operated on during childhood. Three of these patients required reoperation during adulthood (two patients due to left ventricle outflow tract obstruction and one patient due to left atrioventricular valve insufficiency). Four patients (21%) had Eisenmenger syndrome with improvement of functional class in those treated with bosentan, two patients (10.5%) had bacterial endocarditis and two patients (10.5%) died. No significant differences were seen in left atrioventricular valve insufficiency between atrioventricular septal defect in patients with and without Down syndrome (1.5 +/- 0.9 vs. 1.7 +/- 0.8, p = 0.689). CONCLUSIONS: Left atrioventricular valve insufficiency and left ventricle outflow tract obstruction were the most frequent long-term complications requiring surgical reintervention in patients with atrioventricular septal defect.
Subject(s)
Down Syndrome/complications , Heart Diseases/congenital , Heart Diseases/complications , Heart Septal Defects/complications , Adult , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Male , Retrospective Studies , Young AdultABSTRACT
Introducción: La evolución a largo plazo de pacientes con síndrome de Down y cardiopatía congénita es poco conocida. Material y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de pacientes con síndrome de Down y cardiopatía congénita y pacientes con defecto del tabique auriculoventricular y sin trisomía 21. Resultados: Entre 2004 y 2008 se hizo seguimiento a 317 pacientes con cardiopatía congénita; 19 pacientes (6%) con edad media de 26.8 ± 8.1 años tenían síndrome de Down. Las cardiopatías congénitas más frecuentes fueron el defecto del tabique auriculoventricular (63%) y la comunicación interventricular (26%); 10 (53%) habían sido intervenidos quirúrgicamente en la infancia, tres de ellos con defecto auriculoventricular completo requirieron reintervención en la edad adulta (dos por obstrucción al tracto de salida del ventrículo izquierdo y uno por insuficiencia severa de la válvula auriculoventricular izquierda); cuatro (21%) desarrollaron hipertensión arterial pulmonar, con mejoría del grado funcional al recibir tratamiento con bosentan; dos (10.5%) tuvieron endocarditis bacteriana; dos (10.5%) fallecieron. No existieron diferencias en el grado de insuficiencia de la válvula auriculoventricular izquierda (1.5 ± 0.9 versus 1.7 ± 0.8, p = 0.689) entre pacientes con defecto auriculoventricular con y sin síndrome de Down. Conclusiones: La insuficiencia de la válvula auriculoventricular izquierda y la obstrucción al tracto de salida del ventrículo izquierdo fueron las causas más frecuentes de reintervención en la edad adulta en pacientes con defectos del tabique auriculoventricular.
BACKGROUND: Long-term complications of Down syndrome patients with congenital heart disease are poorly known. METHODS: We carried out a retrospective study of Down syndrome patients with congenital heart disease and patients with atrioventricular septal defect with and without Down syndrome. RESULTS: Between 2004 and 2008, 317 patients with congenital heart disease were followed-up in the Adult Congenital Heart Disease Unit. Of these patients, 19 (6%) with a mean age of 26.8 +/- 8.1 years had Down syndrome. Atrioventricular septal defect was the most frequent congenital heart disease(63%) followed by ventricular septal defect (26%). Ten patients (53%) were operated on during childhood. Three of these patients required reoperation during adulthood (two patients due to left ventricle outflow tract obstruction and one patient due to left atrioventricular valve insufficiency). Four patients (21%) had Eisenmenger syndrome with improvement of functional class in those treated with bosentan, two patients (10.5%) had bacterial endocarditis and two patients (10.5%) died. No significant differences were seen in left atrioventricular valve insufficiency between atrioventricular septal defect in patients with and without Down syndrome (1.5 +/- 0.9 vs. 1.7 +/- 0.8, p = 0.689). CONCLUSIONS: Left atrioventricular valve insufficiency and left ventricle outflow tract obstruction were the most frequent long-term complications requiring surgical reintervention in patients with atrioventricular septal defect.