Comprehensive Nutritional and Functional Characterization of Novel Mycoprotein Derived from the Bioconversion of Durvillaea spp.

This study aimed, for the first time, to determine the nutritional composition, beta-glucan and ergosterol contents, phenolic compound composition, and biological and functional activities of a novel mycoprotein produced through a bioconversion process of Durvillaea spp., a brown seaweed. An untargeted metabolomics approach was employed to screen metabolites and annotate molecules with nutraceutical properties. Two products, each representing a distinct consortia of co-cultured fungi, named Myco 1 and Myco 2, were analysed in this study. These consortia demonstrated superior properties compared to those of Durvillaea spp., showing significant increases in total protein (~238%), amino acids (~219%), and ß-D-glucans (~112%). The protein contains all essential amino acids, a low fatty acid content, and exhibits high antioxidant activity (21.5-25.5 µmol TE/g). Additionally, Myco 2 exhibited the highest anti-alpha-glucosidase activity (IC50 = 16.5 mg/mL), and Myco 1 exhibited notable anti-lipase activity (IC50 = 10.5 mg/mL). Among the 69 top differentially abundant metabolites screened, 8 nutraceutical compounds were present in relatively high concentrations among the identified mycoproteins. The proteins and polysaccharides in the mycoprotein may play a crucial role in the formation and stabilization of emulsions, identifying it as a potent bioemulsifier. In conclusion, the bioconversion of Durvillaea spp. results in a mycoprotein with high-quality protein, significant nutritional and functional value, and prebiotic and nutraceutical potential due to the production of unique bioactive compounds.

Personalized medicine and nutrition in hepatology for preventing chronic liver disease in Mexico.

Chronic liver disease is a global health issue. Patients with chronic liver disease require a fresh approach that focuses on the genetic and environmental factors that contribute to disease initiation and progression. Emerging knowledge in the fields of Genomic Medicine and Genomic Nutrition demonstrates differences between countries in terms of genetics and lifestyle risk factors such as diet, physical activity, and mental health in chronic liver disease, which serves as the foundation for the implementation of Personalized Medicine and Nutrition (PerMed-Nut) strategies. Most of the world's populations have descended from various ethnic groupings. Mexico's population has a tripartite ancestral background, consisting of Amerindian, European, and African lineages, which is common across Latin America's regional countries. The purpose of this review is to discuss the genetic and environmental components that could be incorporated into a PerMed-Nut model for metabolic-associated liver disease, viral hepatitis B and C, and hepatocellular carcinoma in Mexico. Additionally, the implementation of the PerMed-Nut approach will require updated medicine and nutrition education curricula. Training and equipping future health professionals and researchers with new clinical and investigative abilities focused on preventing liver illnesses in the field of genomic hepatology globally is a vision that clinicians and nutritionists should be concerned about.

Síndrome visual informático en pacientes menores de 35 años

Introducción: El síndrome visual informático o fatiga visual digital es una enfermedad causada por el cansancio ocular que provoca el pasar mucho tiempo frente a una pantalla. Objetivo: Diagnosticar el síndrome visual informático en pacientes menores de 35 años atendidos en la consulta de refracción. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo prospectivo y transversal de pacientes atendidos en la consulta de refracción del Policlínico Especialidades del Hospital Provincial Docente Clínicoquirúrgico Saturnino Lora, durante el periodo de abril a junio de 2022. Resultados: Predominaron los pacientes en las edades comprendidas entre 26 y 35 años y del sexo femenino; los síntomas más frecuentes fueron el cansancio visual, ardor ocular, sensación de ojo seco, visión borrosa de cerca, ojo rojo y el dolor de cabeza después del esfuerzo visual. Los dispositivos digitales más usados fueron el celular y la computadora con un tiempo de uso de una a tres horas, destacándose este último con un tiempo superior a 4 horas. Los defectos refractivos constituyeron la principal causa de limitaciones visuales. Los pacientes con síndrome visual informático y alguna ametropía sin corrección fueron los que mayor cantidad de síntomas tuvieron, seguidos de los pacientes corregidos inadecuadamente. Conclusiones: Este síndrome afecta en gran medida a la población más joven. El adecuado interrogatorio y la incorporación de los procedimientos correctos en el estudio optométrico diario permitió el diagnóstico de tal síndrome en los pacientes atendidos y la corrección óptica pertinente.

Introduction: Digital visual syndrome or digital visual fatigue is a disease caused by the ocular fatigue provoked by spending much time in front of a screen. Objective: To diagnose the digital visual syndrome in patients under 35 years assisted in the refraction service. Methods: A prospective descriptive and cross-sectional study of patients assisted in the refraction service of the Specialties Polyclinic in Saturnino Lora Teaching Clinical Surgical Provincial Hospital, was carried out from April to June, 2022. Results: There was a prevalence of patients aged 26 and 35 and female sex; the most frequent symptoms were visual fatigue, ocular burning, dry eye sensation, closely blurred vision, red eye and headache after visual effort. The most used digital devices were the cellphone and the computer with a time of use from one to three hours, with emphasis in the last one with more than 4 hours. The refractive defects constituted the main cause of visual limitations. The patients with digital visual syndrome and some type of ametropia without correction were those with more symptoms, followed by the patients inadequately corrected. Conclusions: This syndrome affects the youngest population to a great extent. The appropriate interrogation and the incorporation of correct procedures in the daily optometric study allowed the diagnosis of such a syndrome in the assisted patients and the pertinent optic correction.

Impacto de la covid-19 en la práctica preprofesional de estudiantes de sexto año de Medicina / Impact of Covid-19 in the pre-professional practice of sixth year medical students i: en

En los últimos meses del curso escolar 2020-2021, debido a la pandemia de la covid-19 fue necesario modificar el proceso formativo de los estudiantes de sexto año de la carrera de Medicina en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Santiago de Cuba, lo cual incluía a los internos en las modalidades rotatoria y vertical de dicha enseñanza. En el presente artículo se comunican brevemente algunos aspectos relacionados con el aporte asistencial de estos universitarios en los centros de aislamientos, ante el llamado de las autoridades gubernamentales de la provincia, donde demostraron sentido de responsabilidad, amor al prójimo y compromiso durante la atención a los pacientes con diagnósticos de sospecha o definitivo de la enfermedad.

In the last months of 2020-2021 academic year, due to the pandemic of covid-19, it was necessary to modify the training process for the sixth year students of Medicine degree at the University of Medical Sciences in Santiago de Cuba, which included interns in rotation and vertical models of said teaching. In this work, some aspects related to their care contribution in the isolation centers, after the call of the governmental authorities in the province, are shortly communicated, where they demonstrated the sense of responsibility, love for their fellow men and commitment during the care to patients with presumptive or positive diagnoses of the disease.

Estrés académico en estudiantes de Medicina diagnosticados en la Unidad de Orientación Estudiantil / Academic stress in Medicine students diagnosed in the Student Direction Unit i: en

Introducción: La educación universitaria constituye un proceso generador de muchas tensiones para los estudiantes de todo el mundo, que se ha asociado a altos niveles de estrés, ansiedad y depresión. Objetivo: Describir las manifestaciones de estrés académico en estudiantes del tercer año de la carrera de Medicina. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal y retrospectivo de 10 estudiantes de la Facultad de Medicina No. 1 de Santiago de Cuba, diagnosticados con estrés académico en la Unidad de Orientación Estudiantil, desde enero hasta junio de 2022. Resultados: Predominó el estrés moderado en 70,0 % de los alumnos, con una primacía del sexo femenino (50,0 %). La frecuencia de intensidad de la preocupación fue expresada en el valor categorial mucho (70,0 %). Entre los principales factores estresores identificados figuraron: sobrecarga de tareas y trabajos, evaluaciones de los profesores y participación en clase, que en su totalidad forman parte de la dinámica del proceso formativo de la carrera. También prevaleció la diversidad de estrategias de afrontamiento a dicho estrés. Conclusiones: El estrés académico se presentó mayormente en las esferas afectiva y conductual de los estudiantes y se asoció a sucesos vivenciales como factores estresores.

Introduction: University education constitutes a process that generates many tensions for the students from all over the world, which has been associated with high stress levels, anxiety and depression. Objective: To describe the manifestations of academic stress in students from the third year of Medicine. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional and retrospective study of 10 students from the Medicine Faculty No. 1 was carried out in Santiago de Cuba, diagnosed with academic stress in the Student Direction Unit, from January to June, 2022. Results: The moderated stress prevailed in 70.0 % of the students, with a primacy of female sex (50.0 %). The frequency of intensity of the concern was expressed in the categorical value (70.0 %) as many. Among the main identified factors that cause stress we can mention: excess of tasks and works, professors evaluations and participation in class that are part of the dynamics in the training process of the career. Also, the diversity of strategies to face this stress prevailed. Conclusions: The academic stress was mostly present in the affective and behavioral spheres of the students and was associated with events experienced as factors that cause stress.

Consecuencias psicológicas del sexting y relación con el estrés académico / Psychological consequences of sexting and relationship with the academic stress

Se presenta el caso de una estudiante de segundo año medicina, atendida en la Unidad de Orientación Estudiantil de la Facultad de Medicina No. 1 de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Santiago de Cuba, entre septiembre y diciembre de 2021, por presentar problemas académicos y manifestaciones de estrés debido a que fue víctima de acoso verbal y psicológico por parte de sus compañeros de grupo a partir de un acto de sexting por parte de su pareja. Teniendo en cuenta lo anterior se le dio seguimiento para un mejor estudio y se comparten los hallazgos con la comunidad científica en general.

The case of a second year medicine student is presented, assisted in the Student Orientation Unit of Medicine Faculty No. 1 in the University of Medical Sciences from Santiago de Cuba, between September and December, 2021, due to academic problems and stress manifestations because she was victim of verbal and psychological harassment by her groupmates as a result of an act of sexting by her couple. Taking into account the above-mentioned she was followed up for a better study and findings are shared with the scientific community in general.

Estrategias para mejorar los resultados reproductivos tras síndrome del folículo vacío: a propósito de un caso clínico

El síndrome del folículo vacío (SFV) es el fracaso total para recuperar los ovocitos después de la estimulación ovárica, a pesar de un desarrollo folicular aparentemente normal y una esteroidogénesis folicular adecuada. Se han descrito dos variantes de SFV: la forma genuina, que ocurre en presencia de niveles adecuados de hCGβ circulante o de LH en el momento de la aspiración de ovocitos, y la forma 'falsa', que se asocia a niveles séricos de hCG/LH por debajo de un umbral crítico. En nuestra paciente, tras un protocolo aceptado de estimulación ovárica con gonadotropina menopáusica humana y folitropina alfa y posterior maduración folicular con coriogonadotropina alfa no se obtuvieron cúmulos ovocitarios en la punción ecoguiada, con lo que se trató de emplear otras estrategias encaminadas a corregir esta situación. El tratamiento y el pronóstico de estas pacientes aún no se conocen bien. Se necesitan grandes estudios multicéntricos y revisiones sistemáticas para aumentar la comprensión del SFV y así, su manejo, diseñando mejores estrategias como tratamos de hacer con nuestra paciente con el empleo de doble descarga para maduración ovocitaria.

Empty follicle syndrome (EFS) is the complete failure to retrieve oocytes after ovarian stimulation, despite apparently normal follicular development and adequate follicular steroidogenesis. Two variants of EFS have been described: the genuine form, which occurs in the presence of adequate circulating βhCG or LH levels at the time of oocyte aspiration, and the 'false' form, which is associated with serum hCG/ LH levels below a critical threshold. In our patient, after an accepted protocol of ovarian stimulation with human menopausal gonadotropin and follitropin alfa and subsequent follicular maturation with choriogonadotropin alfa, no oocyte clusters were obtained in the ultrasound-guided puncture, so an attempt was made to use other strategies aimed at correcting this situation. The treatment and prognosis of these patients are still poorly understood. Large multicenter studies and systematic reviews are needed to increase understanding of EFS and thus its management, designing better strategies as we tried to do with our patient with the use of double discharge for oocyte maturation.

Labor preventiva e implementación de estrategias docentes durante la COVID-19 en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Santiago de Cuba / Preventive work and implementation of teaching strategies during Covid-19 in the University of Medical Sciences from Santiago de Cuba

Ante la inminente situación mundial a partir del brote de la COVID-19, las organizaciones Mundial y Panamericana de la Salud, han trabajado en el control del virus. El sistema de salud cubano, a través del actuar comunitario con estudiantes y profesores, unido a la labor preventiva, permitió mitigar el riesgo que constituye esta enfermedad para la salud. A tales efectos, se comenta brevemente sobre la organización docente en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Santiago de Cuba, donde, de forma virtual y bajo condiciones diferentes, se diseñó un nuevo escenario docente para garantizar la culminación de las asignaturas que no forman parte del currículo base del plan de estudio vigente, según las carreras y los diferentes años académicos.

In view of the imminent world situation taking the COVID-19 outbreak as a starting point, the Health World and Pan-American organizations, have worked in the control of virus. The Cuban health system, through community performance with students and professors, along with preventive work, allowed to mitigate the risk that this disease constitutes for the human health. To such effects, it is briefly commented on the teaching organization in the University of Medical Sciences from Santiago de Cuba, where, in a virtual way and under different conditions, a new teaching scenario was designed to guarantee the ending of the subjects that are not part of the basic curriculum in the existing plan of study, according to the careers and the different academic years.

Hepatoesplenomegalia relacionada a linfoma de Burkitt en paciente pediátrico / Hepatoesplenomegalia related to Burkitt´s lymphoma in a pediatric patient

RESUMEN El linfoma de Burkitt, se trata de un subtipo poco frecuente del linfoma no Hodgkin, con elevada frecuencia en aquellos pacientes con sida. La hepatoesplenomegalia es un signo clínico de gran importancia para el diagnóstico oportuno de algunas patologías; entre los mecanismos de formación de la hepatoesplenomegalia se encuentra la infiltración celular, ocasionada por la migración de células tumorales. Se presenta por inflamaciones debido a la presencia de infecciones por virus o bacterias las cuales son muy comunes en pacientes con sida. Se presentó un caso de un paciente masculino de 4 años, diagnosticado con VIH positivo, con la configuración correspondiente de criterios clínicos en clasificación C para sida. El cual desarrolló a nivel de cavidad oral un Burkitt primario, que se acompañó de hepatoesplenomegalia. Se pretendió describir la relación y el comportamiento de este tipo de linfoma con la hepatoesplenomegalia, así como la repercusión a nivel del sistema estomatognático, a nivel sistémico y el plan de tratamiento. Por el cuadro clínico e inmunológico del paciente estudiado, se planteó un pronóstico reservado por presentar un cuadro clínico infrecuente, en el que se observó Burkitt; tanto a nivel del sistema estomatognático como a nivel abdominal. Se hizo necesario realizar un diagnóstico oportuno y certero para iniciar el tratamiento a tiempo, se comenzó inmediatamente con tratamiento (AU).

ABSTRACT Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is a rare subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, with high frequency in those patients with AIDS. Hepatosplenomegaly is a clinical sign of great importance for the timely diagnosis of some pathologies; cellular infiltration is found among the mechanisms of hepatosplenomegaly formation; it is caused by the migration of tumor cells. It emerges by inflammations due to the presence of infections by virus or bacteria which are very common in patients with AIDS. The authors present the case of a male patient, aged 4 years, with a positive HIV diagnosis, and the correspondent configuration of clinical criteria in C classification for AIDS, who developed a primary Burkitt lymphoma at the level of oral cavity We present the case of a 4-year-old male patient diagnosed with HIV positive, with the corresponding configuration of clinical criteria in classification C for AIDS; who developed a primary LB at the oral cavity level that was accompanied by hepatosplenomegaly. The authors pretended to describe the relation and behavior of this kind of lymphoma with hepatosplenomegaly, and also the repercussion at the stomatognathic level, at the systemic level and the treatment plan. Due to the clinical and immunological characteristics of the studied patient a reserved prognosis was given because of presenting infrequent clinical characteristics in which a Burkitt was observed both, at the stomatognathic and at the abdominal level. It was necessary to make an opportune and accurate diagnosis to begin the treatment on time (AU).

Engineering a defined culture medium to grow Piscirickettsia salmonis for its use in vaccine formulations.

Piscirickettsia salmonis is a facultative Gram-negative intracellular bacterium that produces piscirickettsiosis, disease that causes a high negative impact in salmonid cultures. The so-far-unidentified nutritional requirements have hindered its axenic culture at laboratory and industrial scales for the formulation of vaccines. The present study describes the development of a defined culture medium for P. salmonis. The culture medium was formulated through rational design involving auxotrophy test and statistical designs of experiments, considering the genome-scale metabolic reconstruction of P. salmonis reported by our group. The whole optimization process allowed for a twofold increase in biomass and a reduction of about 50% of the amino acids added to the culture medium. The final culture medium contains twelve amino acids, where glutamic acid, threonine and arginine were the main carbon and energy sources, supporting 1.65 g/L of biomass using 6.5 g/L of amino acids in the formulation. These results will contribute significantly to the development of new operational strategies to culture this bacterium for the production of vaccines.

Mexico ants: incidence and abundance along the Nearctic-Neotropical interface.

Mexico is one of the most biodiverse countries in the world, with an important proportion of endemism mainly because of the convergence of the Nearctic and Neotropical biogeographic regions, which generate great diversity and species turnover at different spatial scales. However, most of our knowledge of the Mexican ant biota is limited to a few well-studied taxa, and we lack a comprehensive synthesis of ant biodiversity information. For instance, most of the knowledge available in the literature on Mexican ant fauna refers only to species lists by states, or is focused on only a few regions of the country, which prevents the study of several basic and applied aspects of ants, from diversity and distribution to conservation. Our aims in this data paper are therefore (1) to compile all the information available regarding ants across the Mexican territory, and (2) to identify major patterns in the gathered data set and geographic gaps in order to direct future sampling efforts. All records were obtained from raw data, including both unpublished and published information. After exhaustive filtering and updating information and synonyms, we compiled a total of 21,731 records for 887 ant species distributed throughout Mexico from 1894 to 2018. These records were concentrated mainly in the states of Chiapas (n = 6,902, 32.76%) and Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave (n = 4,329, 19.92%), which together comprise half the records. The subfamily with the highest number of records was Myrmicinae (n = 10,458 records, 48.12%), followed by Formicinae (n = 3,284, 15.11%) and Ponerinae (n = 1,914, 8.8%). Most ant records were collected in the Neotropical region of the country (n = 12,646, 58.19%), followed by the Mexican transition zone (n = 5,237, 24.09%) and the Nearctic region (n = 3,848, 17.72%). Native species comprised 95.46% of the records (n = 20,745). To the best of our knowledge, this is the most complete data set available to date in the literature for the country. We hope that this compilation will encourage researchers to explore different aspects of the population and community research of ants at different spatial scales, and to aid in the establishment of conservation policies and actions. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using its data for publications or teaching events.

Factores de riesgo asociados a la estomatitis subprótesis. Clínica de Especialidades, Bayamo. 1er Semestre. 2017 / Risk factors associated with stomatitis subprosthesis. Specialty Clinic, Bayamo. 1st semester. 2017

RESUMEN La instalación de cualquier tipo de prótesis estomatológica, produce necesariamente cambios en el medio bucal, que lo obligan a reaccionar para adaptarse a la nueva situación. Entre las modificaciones no fisiológicas que pueden aparecer está la estomatitis subprótesis. Se realizó este trabajo con el objetivo de determinar posible asociación de algunos factores de riesgos con la aparición de estomatitis subprótesis en pacientes de 35-44 años ingresados en el servicio de atención primaria de la Clínica estomatológica, durante el primer semestre del año 2017. Se realizó un estudio analítico de casos y controles. Se utilizó una muestra de 66 pacientes; en el grupo casos con 22 y el grupo control con 44, todos cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. En los pacientes estudiados se observó predominio en el grupo de casos de pacientes con prótesis desajustadas (86.4 %) y en los controles el (95.5 %) de pacientes con prótesis ajustadas. Se concluye que la morbilidad se relacionó principalmente con el desajuste de las prótesis y con el uso inadecuado y sin descanso del aparato protésico.

ABSTRACT The installation of any type of stomatological prosthesis, necessarily produces changes in the oral environment, which force him to react to adapt to the new situation. Among the nonphysiological modifications that may appear is the subprosthesis stomatitis. This work was carried out in order to determine possible association of some risk factors with the appearance of stomatitis subprosthesis in patients aged 35-44 years admitted to the primary care service of the Stomatology Clinic, during the first semester of 2017. He carried out an analytical study of cases and controls. A sample of 66 patients was used; in the group cases with 22 and the control group with 44, all met the inclusion criteria. In the patients studied, predominance was observed in the case group of patients with misaligned prostheses (86.4%) and in the controls (95.5%) of patients with adjusted prostheses. It is concluded that the morbidity was mainly related to the mismatch of the prosthesis and to the improper use and without rest of the prosthetic device.

Coenzyme Q production by metabolic engineered Escherichia coli strains in defined medium.

Coenzyme Q (CoQ) plays an important role as an electron transporter in the respiratory chain. It is formed from a benzoquinone ring and an isoprenoid chain of a specific length depending on the organism. We constructed an engineered Escherichia coli strain (menF) unable to produce demethylmenaquinone and menaquinone, compounds that compete for both chorismate, precursor of the benzoquinone ring, and the isoprenoid chain involved in CoQ biosynthesis. In addition, a mutant strain (entC) unable to produce enterobactin, high-affinity siderophore, synthesized from chorismate, and a double mutant (entC-menF) were constructed. The use of glucose or glycerol as carbon sources was also evaluated for the production of CoQ8 in these strains. The double mutant (entC-menF) showed 18% increase in CoQ8-specific content compared to the control strain; however, the single-mutant strains did not show statistically significant differences in CoQ8-specific content respect to the control, in glucose medium in bioreactor experiments. Glycerol was significantly superior compared to glucose for the production of CoQ8 in E. coli, where the CoQ8-specific content increased 126% and 53% in the control and double-mutant strain, respectively. The expression of genes related to CoQ8 biosynthesis is reported, where the entC-menF double-mutant strain showed a significant increase in the expression of CoQ8 biosynthesis-related genes when glycerol was used as sole carbon source. The control strain did not show gene expression difference between both carbon sources, indicating a possible regulation at a different level.

Necesidad de estudios sobre costos en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas Guantánamo / Need for cost studies at the University of Medical Sciences Guantánamo

Se presentaron resultados parciales del Proyecto Institucional Evaluación del impacto de la metodología para el desarrollo del capital intelectual en los servicios de salud, en ejecución por la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Guantánamo desde el 2016. La investigación permitió fundamentar la necesidad del efectivo dominio del costo como herramienta de administración económica en Salud, estableciéndose el problema en cómo contribuir a su implementación en el funcionamiento colectivo de la institución. Los métodos de investigación empleados aportaron la información primaria a partir de la cual pudo caracterizarse el estado actual del problema y el diseño de un material instructivo para el tratamiento sistémico del costo que, como objetivo cumplido, puede favorecer la satisfacción de las demandas que tiene la Universidad Médica dentro del desarrollo económico hasta el 2030 en la provincia(AU)

Partial results of the Institutional Project Evaluation of the impact of the methodology for the development of intellectual capital in health services were presented, in execution by the University of Medical Sciences of Guantanamo since 2016. The investigation allowed substantiating the need for effective domain of the cost as a tool of economic administration in Health, establishing the problem in, how to contribute to its implementation in the collective operation of the institution. The research methods were used and provided the primary information from which the current state of the problem could be characterized and the design of an instructive material for the systemic treatment of the cost, as a fulfilled objective, can favor the satisfaction of the demands of the Medical University within the economic development until 2030 in the province(AU)

Blefaroplastia: resultados del empleo de dos técnicas en el Centro Oftalmológico de Santiago de Cuba / Blepharoplasty: results of using two techniques in the Ophthalmologic Center from Santiago de Cuba

Introducción: La blefaroplastia produce resultados clínicos y estéticos favorables en los pacientes aquejados por dermatocalasis. Objetivo: Evaluar los resultados de los procedimientos quirúrgicos convencional y con láser de CO2 en estos afectados. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, prospectivo y trasversal de 300 pacientes con dermatocalasis, atendidos en el Servicio de Oculoplastia del Centro Oftalmológico del Hospital General Docente Dr Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso de Santiago de Cuba, desde enero de 2015 hasta diciembre de 2016. Resultados: Predominaron el grupo etario de 40 a 59 años, el sexo femenino y la afectación en los párpados superiores, sin diferencias significativas en cuanto a las técnicas quirúrgicas empleadas; se observó un mayor número de complicaciones en los pacientes operados de manera convencional, con más frecuencia del sangrado. En general los pacientes evolucionaron satisfactoriamente y los que presentaron limitaciones del campo visual superior se recuperaron sin dificultad luego de la intervención quirúrgica. Conclusiones: La blefaroplastia con láser de CO2 constituye una mejor y más calificada opción terapéutica para la corrección de la dermatocalasis

Introduction: Blepharoplasty produces favorable clinical and cosmetic results in the patients that are suffering from dermatochalasis. Objective: To evaluate the results of the conventional and CO2 laser surgical procedures in these affected patients. Methods: A descriptive, prospective and cross-sectional study of 300 patients with dermatochalasis, assisted in the Oculoplasty Service of Dr Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso Teaching General Hospital Ophthalmologic Center was carried out in Santiago de Cuba, from January, 2015 to December, 2016. Results: There was a prevalence of the 40 to 59 age group, female sex and upper lids disorder, without significant differences concerning the surgical techniques that were used; a higher number of complications in patients operated with a conventional way was observed, with more frequency of bleeding. In general the patients had a favorable clinical course and those that presented limitations of the upper visual field recovered without difficulty after the surgical intervention. Conclusions: Blepharoplasty with CO2 laser constitutes a better and more qualified therapeutic option for the correction of dermatochalasis

Detalles clínicos de la oclusión dental en niños de un círculo infantil / Clinical details of dental occlusion in children of a day-care center

Se efectuó un estudio descriptivo y transversal de 122 niños del Círculo Infantil Espiguita, pertenecientes al área de salud del Hospital Clinicoquirúrgico Docente Dr Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso de Santiago de Cuba, desde febrero hasta marzo de 2017, con vistas a mostrar detalles clínicos de la oclusión dentaria en estos menores, según variables seleccionadas. A los afectados se les realizó el examen clínico bucal y facial; además, se confeccionó la historia clínica individual y se utilizó el porcentaje como medida de resumen. En la serie predominaron los niños de 4 años de edad, el sexo femenino y las maloclusiones; en tanto, la succión digital y la disfunción lingual fueron los hábitos fundamentales. Asimismo, se obtuvo una primacía de la mordida abierta como característica de la maloclusión

A descriptive and cross-sectional study of 122 children of Espiguita Day-Care Center belonging to the health area of Dr Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso Teaching Clinical Surgical Hospital was carried out from February to March, 2017 in Santiago de Cuba, aimed at showing clinical details of dental occlusion in these children, according to selected variables. The oral and facial clinical examination was carried out to those affected minors; also, the individual medical record was made and the percentage as summary measure was used. In the series there was a prevalence of 4 years children, female sex and malocclusions; as long as, the digital suction and the lingual dysfunction were the fundamental habits. Also, a primacy of the open bite was obtained as characteristic of malocclusion

Different responses in the expression of alginases, alginate polymerase and acetylation genes during alginate production by Azotobacter vinelandii under oxygen-controlled conditions.

Alginate production and gene expression of genes involved in alginate biosynthesis were evaluated in continuous cultures under dissolved oxygen tension (DOT) controlled conditions. Chemostat at 8% DOT showed an increase in the specific oxygen uptake rate [Formula: see text] from 10.9 to 45.3 mmol g-1 h-1 by changes in the dilution rate (D) from 0.06 to 0.10 h-1, whereas under 1% DOT the [Formula: see text] was not affected. Alginate molecular weight was not affected by DOT. However, chemostat at 1% DOT showed a downregulation up to 20-fold in genes encoding both the alginate polymerase (alg8, alg44), alginate acetylases (algV, algI) and alginate lyase AlgL. alyA1 and algE7 lyases gene expressions presented an opposite behavior by changing the DOT, suggesting that A. vinelandii can use specific depolymerases depending on the oxygen level. Overall, the DOT level have a differential effect on genes involved in alginate synthesis, thus a gene expression equilibrium determines the production of alginates of similar molecular weight under DOT controlled.

A comparative study of glycerol and sorbitol as co-substrates in methanol-induced cultures of Pichia pastoris: temperature effect and scale-up simulation.

The production of recombinant proteins by Pichia pastoris under AOX1 promoter is usually performed using methanol together with either glycerol or sorbitol as co-substrate. Although both co-substrates have been widely used, comparative studies are scarce. In addition, these comparisons have been performed at different specific growth rate (µ) that it is well known that has an important effect on productivity. Thus, the effect of using these co-substrates on the production of Rhyzopus oryzae lipase (ROL) by P. pastoris was compared in continuous cultures growing at the same µ at either 22 or 30 °C. Results show that using glycerol as co-substrate led to higher volumetric productivities, and lower specific and volumetric methanol consumption rates. Scale-up simulation with 10-10,000 L bioreactor sizes indicated that glycerol produced the highest volumetric productivity of ROL with lower aeration requirements. Therefore, glycerol rises as a better option than sorbitol in ROL production.

Genome-scale metabolic reconstruction for the insidious bacterium in aquaculture Piscirickettsia salmonis.

Piscirickettsia salmonis is a fish bacterium that causes the disease piscirickettsiosis in salmonids. This pathology is partially controlled by vaccines. The lack of knowledge has hindered its culture on laboratory and industrial scale. The study describes the metabolic phenotype of P. salmonis in culture. This study presents the first genome-scale model (iPF215) of the LF-89 strain of P. salmonis, describing the central metabolic pathway, biosynthesis and molecule degradation and transport mechanisms. The model was adjusted with experiment data, allowing the identification of the capacities that were not predicted by the automatic annotation of the genome sequences. The iPF215 model is comprised of 417 metabolites, 445 reactions and 215 genes, was used to reproduce the growth of P. salmonis (µmax 0.052±0.005h-1). The metabolic reconstruction of the P. salmonis LF-89 strain obtained in this research provides a baseline that describes the metabolic capacities of the bacterium and is the basis for developing improvements to its cultivation for vaccine formulation.