Neurotoxidad inducida por ifosfamida / Ifosfamide-induced neurotoxicity

Introducción: La ifosfamida es un agente alquilante utilizado para el tratamiento de enfermedades oncohematológicas. Entre sus eventos adversos agudos se encuentra la neurotoxicidad. Esta puede presentarse desde el inicio de la infusión hasta tres días después. El tratamiento consiste en suspender la administración y asegurar una adecuada hidratación. Objetivo: Describir eventos neurológicos asociados al uso de ifosfamida en pacientes pediátricos con enfermedades oncohematológicas. Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo y transversal. Los datos se obtuvieron de historias clínicas de pacientes internados en el Hospital Garrahan que infundieron ifosfamida y desarrollaron síntomas neurológicos. Se analizaron edad, diagnóstico de base, dosis de ifosfamida, síntomas neurológicos y su relación con la infusión, tratamiento instaurado, exámenes complementarios y posibles factores de riesgo asociados. Resultados: Se registraron un total de catorce eventos neurológicos en doce pacientes, sin diferencia de sexo, con una mediana de edad de 9,5 años. La enfermedad de base más prevalente fue osteosarcoma. Las convulsiones fueron el síntoma más frecuente (50%), seguido de somnolencia y paresias. La combinación de ifosfamida y etopósido con/sin carboplatino se asoció en un 36% cada uno. El 64% desarrolló neurotoxicidad dentro de las primeras cuatro horas. Ningún paciente presentó alteraciones en los exámenes complementarios. Todos presentaron recuperación ad integrum. Conclusión: Este estudio brinda información acerca del tiempo de aparición de esta complicación, lo cual facilitará su detección precoz y tratamiento oportuno (AU)

Introduction: Ifosfamide is an alkylating agent used for the treatment of cancer. Among its acute adverse events is neurotoxicity. This can occur from the beginning of the infusion up to three days afterwards. Treatment consists of discontinuing administration and ensuring adequate hydration. Objective: To describe neurological events associated with the use of ifosfamide in children with cancer. Materials and methods: Observational, descriptive, retrospective, and cross-sectional study. Data were obtained from clinical records of patients admitted to the Garrahan Hospital who received ifosfamide infusion and developed neurological symptoms. Age, baseline diagnosis, ifosfamide dose, neurological symptoms and their relationship with the infusion, treatment, complementary tests, and possible associated risk factors were analyzed. Results: A total of fourteen neurological events were recorded in twelve patients, without difference in sex and with a median age of 9.5 years. The most prevalent underlying disease was osteosarcoma. Seizures were the most frequent symptom (50%), followed by drowsiness and paresis. The combination of ifosfamide and etoposide with/without carboplatin was associated in 36% each. Sixty-four percent developed neurotoxicity within the first four hours. None of the patients presented with abnormalities in the complementary examinations. All recovered ad integrum. Conclusion: This study provides information about the time of onset of this complication, which will facilitate its early detection and timely treatment (AU)

A new species of Trichobius (Diptera: Streblidae) from Mexico and new record of Paratrichobius americanus.

A new species of Trichobius Gervais, 1844 (Diptera: Streblidae) is described from specimens collected in Jalisco, Mexico, from host bat Choeronycteris mexicana Tschudi. We place the new species within the "dugesii" group, because it shares certain characteristics with Trichobius urodermae Wenzel, 1966 T. angulatus Wenzel, 1976 and T. tiptoni Wenzel, 1976. However, it is easy to differentiate from all known species due to the chaetotaxy of the thorax, in which the prescutal and lateral setae are very long, while the discal setae are abruptly smaller and denser. It also possesses the metasternal lobe, which is very broad and translucent. We found a male of Paratrichobius americanus Peterson & Ross, 1972 on the same host individual, which expands the distribution area of P. americanus into Mexico because the unique holotype was collected in Arizona.

Avance de tuberosidad tibial con heteroimplante óseo para el tratamiento de ruptura de ligamento cruzado anterior en caninos / Advance of tibial tuberosity with bone heteroimplant for previous crossed ligament in canine

RESUMEN Las evaluaciones clínica y radiológica son técnicas que se emplean para el diagnóstico de ruptura de ligamento cruzado anterior (RLCA) y para la evaluación posoperatoria de cirugías correctivas. Se planteó como objetivo describir los resultados posoperatorios de la técnica avance de tuberosidad tibial en caninos con RLCA utilizando hueso de origen bovino conservado en glicerina al 98%. Fueron intervenidos 5 caninos con la patología y sin cambios radiológicos marcados en las columnas óseas relacionadas. El heteroim-plante óseo se cortó a manera de cuña y, para determinar su tamaño, se tuvo en cuenta la medida prequirúrgica que necesitaba la rodilla para alcanzar el ángulo de avance de la cresta tibial. Seguidamente se fijó al receptor local con implantes metálicos (agujas de Kirschner y alambre ortopédico). En el posoperatorio, se evaluaron por 90 días signos clínicos como claudicación, dolor al movimiento flexión-extensión e inflamación, según la circunferencia de la rodilla, y se evaluó por 120 días el ángulo de avance tibial y la radiopacidad del heteroimplante con respecto al hueso circunvecino (tuberosidad tibial y tibia caudal). El estudio estableció que los parámetros clínicos y radiológicos tienen un efecto estadísticamente significativo; sin embargo, la evaluación del ángulo de avance tibial no tiene un efecto significativo entre el paciente y los días posquirúrgicos. Durante el periodo de evaluación el heteroimplante óseo bovino demostró ser efectivo para estabilizar una rodilla con RLCA en caninos.

ABSTRACT The clinical and radiological evaluations are techniques used for the diagnosis of the anterior cruciate ligament rupture (LCAR) and the post-operatory assessment of corrective surgeries. It was proposed as an objective to describe the post-operatory results of the advance technique of tibial tuberosity in canines with LCAR using bovine bone conserved in 98% glycerin. Five canines were intervened and with no other radiological changed in the related bone columns. The bone heteroimplant was cut in a wedge-like manner and for its size it was taken into account the pre-operatory measurement that the knee needed to reach the advancement angle of the tibial crest. Next, the bone implant was fixated to the local receptor with metallic implants (Kirschner needles and orthopedic wire). In the post-op, the canines were evaluated for 90 days for clinical signs such as claudication, pain when flexing and extending and inflammation according to the knee circumference, and for 120 days the advancement angle of the tibia and the radiopacitry of the heteroimplant in relation to the surrounding bone. The trial established that the clinical and radiological parameters have a statistically significant effect; however, the evaluation of the tibial advancement angle does not have a significant effect between the patient and the post-operatory days. During the evaluation period, the heteroimplant bovine bone proved to be effective to stabilize the knee in canines with LCAR.

Hypoglycaemic and Antioxidant Effects of Propolis of Chihuahua in a Model of Experimental Diabetes.

Propolis is a bee-collected natural product that has been proven to have various bioactivities. This study tested the effects of a Mexican propolis on streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus in a murine model. The results showed that an ethanolic extract of propolis of Chihuahua (EEPCh) significantly inhibited increases in blood glucose and the loss of body weight in diabetic mice. EEPCh increased plasma insulin levels in STZ-diabetic mice, whereas, in untreated diabetic mice, there was no detection of insulin. EEPCh had a high antioxidant capacity (SA50 = 15.75 µg/mL), which was directly related to the concentrations of total phenols (314 mg GAE/g of extract) and flavonoids (6.25 mg QE/g of extract). In addition, increased activities of the enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase were observed in diabetic mice treated with EEPCh. Compounds such as pinocembrin, quercetin, naringin, naringenin, kaempferol, acacetin, luteolin, and chrysin were identified by HPLC-MS analysis. This investigation demonstrated that propolis of Chihuahua possesses hypoglycaemic and antioxidant activities and can alleviate symptoms of diabetes mellitus in mice. These effects may be directly related to the chemical composition of propolis, as most of the compounds identified in propolis are reportedly active in terms of the different parameters evaluated in this work.

Antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities, wound-healing effectiveness and chemical characterization of the latex of Jatropha neopauciflora Pax.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Jatropha neopauciflora Pax is an endemic species to Mexico, and its latex is used in traditional medicine to treat mouth infections when there are loose teeth and to heal wounds. In this research, we evaluated the antimicrobial activity, wound healing efficacy and chemical characterization of J. neopauciflora latex in a murine model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The antibacterial activity was determined using Gram positive and negative strains, the antifungal activity was determined using yeast and filamentous fungi, and the wound healing efficacy of the latex was determined using the tensiometric method. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using the plantar oedema model in rats, administering the latex orally and topically. Cytotoxic activity was determined in vitro in two different cell lines. Antioxidant capacity, total phenolics, total flavonoids, reducing carbohydrates and latex proteins were quantified. The latex analysis was performed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Finally, molecular exclusion chromatography was performed. RESULTS: The latex demonstrated antibacterial activity. The most sensitive strains were Gram positive bacteria, particularly S. aureus (MIC=2mg/mL), and the latex had bacteriostatic activity. The latex did not show antifungal activity. The latex demonstrated a wound-healing efficacy, even the positive control (Recoveron). The orally administered latex demonstrated the best anti-inflammatory activity and was not toxic to either of the 2 cell lines. The latex had a high antioxidant capacity (SA50=5.4µg/mL), directly related to the total phenolic (6.9mg GAE/mL) and flavonoid (12.53µg QE/mL) concentration. The carbohydrate concentration was 18.52µg/mL, and fructose was the most abundantly expressed carbohydrate in the latex (14.63µg/mL, 79.03%). Additionally, the latex contained proteins (7.62µg/mL) in its chemical constitution. As secondary metabolites, the HPLC analysis indicated the presence of phenols and flavonoids. CONCLUSIONS: The J. neopauciflora latex promotes the wound healing process by avoiding microorganism infections, inhibiting inflammation and acting as an antioxidant.

Setting up equine embryo gender determination by preimplantation genetic diagnosis in a commercial embryo transfer program.

Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) allows identifying genetic traits in early embryos. Because in some equine breeds, like Polo Argentino, females are preferred to males for competition, PGD can be used to determine the gender of the embryo before transfer and thus allow the production of only female pregnancies. This procedure could have a great impact on commercial embryo production programs. The present study was conducted to adapt gender selection by PGD to a large-scale equine embryo transfer program. To achieve this, we studied (i) the effect on pregnancy rates of holding biopsied embryos for 7 to 10 hours in holding medium at 32 °C before transfer, (ii) the effect on pregnancy rates of using embryos of different sizes for biopsy, and (iii) the efficiency of amplification by heating biopsies before polymerase chain reaction. Equine embryos were classified by size (≤300, 300-1000, and >1000 µm), biopsied, and transferred 1 to 2 or 7 to 10 hours after flushing. Some of the biopsy samples obtained were incubated for 10 minutes at 95 °C and the rest remained untreated. Pregnancy rates were recorded at 25 days of gestation; fetal gender was determined using ultrasonography and compared with PGD results. Holding biopsied embryos for 7 to 10 hours before transfer produced pregnancy rates similar to those for biopsied embryos transferred within 2 hours (63% and 57%, respectively). These results did not differ from pregnancy rates of nonbiopsied embryos undergoing the same holding times (50% for 7-10 hours and 63% for 1-2 hours). Pregnancy rates for biopsied and nonbiopsied embryos did not differ between size groups or between biopsied and nonbiopsied embryos within the same size group (P > 0.05). Incubating biopsy samples for 10 minutes at 95 °C before polymerase chain reaction significantly increased the diagnosis rate (78.5% vs. 45.5% for treated and nontreated biopsy samples respectively). Gender determination using incubated biopsy samples matched the results obtained using ultrasonography in all pregnancies assessed (11/11, 100%); untreated biopsy samples were correctly diagnosed in 36 of 41 assessed pregnancies (87.8%), although the difference between treated and untreated biopsy samples was not significant. Our results demonstrated that biopsied embryos can remain in holding medium before being transferred, until gender diagnosis by PGD is complete (7-10 hours), without affecting pregnancy rates. This simplifies the management of an embryo transfer program willing to incorporate PGD for gender selection, by transferring only embryos of the desired sex. Embryo biopsy can be performed in a clinical setting on embryos of different sizes, without affecting their viability. Additionally, we showed that pretreating biopsy samples with a short incubation at 95 °C improved the overall efficiency of embryo sex determination.

[Early diagnosis of hip dysplasia. Crippling disease for life. Consensus of the Mexican College of Orthopedics and Traumatology]. / El diagnóstico oportuno de la displasia de cadera. Enfermedad discapacitante de por vida. Consenso del Colegio Mexicano de Ortopedia y Traumatología.

The developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), where the spectrum of deformity varies from a slight mismatch in the articular surfaces between the ilium and femur, which will bring a premature wear of the joint, until the situation more serious when the femoral head is out of the acetabulum, causing a host of disorders side as curvature of the spine, significant shortening of the limb deformities in the knee and the contralateral hip, as well as causing pain and loss of joint mobility mentioned. All this makes the spectrum of abnormalities in a person being disabled with a social and economic burden for the family and society. "Preventing" a clinical entity such as developmental dysplasia of the hip does not mean to anticipate the presentation, because children continue to be born with this problem, but to have a program for early detection and early treatment and thus prevent the occurrence. The goal of this study was to provide the medical community that timely tool for prevention. When diagnosed and treated in a timely and favorable prognosis qualified for motor function and quality of life.

[Diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis. Position of the Mexican College of Orthopedics and Traumatology]. / Diagnóstico y tratamiento de la osteoporosis. Posición del Colegio Mexicano de Ortopedia y Traumatología.

Our current in Mexico is that it represents a serious health problem not yet recognized as low-energy fractures in older adults account for approximately 10% of subjects over 65 years (compared with 29% in Japan) about 4.4 million fractures in patients over 70 years, taking into account that we are a nation of 112 million, the problem is minor compared with other diseases in this and other population groups. In the Mexican health system, orthopedic services instead share with other health priorities, so that the authorities do not understand osteoporosis as a health problem, not observe increased morbidity and mortality that implicitly leads, there are few centers to support the diagnosis of osteoporosis (densitometers do not have), and recruitment, diagnosis and management of patients who have suffered a broken ground mechanically compromised. Have increased the frequency of fractures in osteoporotic ground, and institutional level has only treatments based on calcitriol and calcium to maintain bone mineral density. In the Mexican health system, orthopedic services instead share with other health priorities, so that the authorities do not understand osteoporosis as a health problem, not observe increased morbidity and mortality that implicitly leads, there are few centers to support the diagnosis of osteoporosis (we don't count with densitometers), and recruitment, diagnosis and management of patients who have suffered a broken ground mechanically compromised. Have increased the frequency of fractures in osteoporotic ground, and institutional level has only treatments based on calcitriol and calcium to maintain bone mineral density.

[Management of early onset scoliosis]. / Manejo de la escoliosis de inicio temprano.

Infantile idiopathic scoliosis (IIS) represents one of the most severe forms of scoliosis. At the time of skeletal maturity the untreated progressive curves are usually over 100 degrees and have an important rotational component. That is why the natural course of IIS is thought to occur until the time that patients are treated, around 10 years of age. A close follow-up is recommended in these cases and, if necessary, starting active treatment in cases of progression. Patients who started treatment at an earlier age had better results than those who started at around 2 years of age. The overall risk of complications of IIS during the treatment period using a construct with rods is 58%. This percent decreases if implant placement is delayed as much as possible until the time of the initial surgery, at around 6 years of age, besides using a double rod instead of a single rod (10 vs 27%) and limiting the number of lengthening procedures (each subsequent lengthening results in a 24% increase in the risk of complications). The complications rate is moderate, but manageable. At present the use of a double rod with scheduled serial lengthenings seems to offer better results than the use of a single rod, due to its better capacity to control the spine. Early-onset scoliosis should be distinguished from other types of scoliosis. There are relevant doubts concerning the etiology and treatment, which should be addressed specifically.

Resposta tecidual ao compósito 50 por cento hidroxiapatita: 50 por cento poli-hidroxibutirato para substituição óssea em coelhos / Tissue response to the composite 50 percent hydroxyapatite: 50 percent polyhydroxybutyrate for bone substitution in rabbits

Avaliaram-se a biocompatibilidade, a osseointegração, a osseocondução e a biodegradação de compósitos de 50 por cento hidroxiapatita (HAP-91®) e 50 por cento poli-hidroxibutirato. O compósito foi implantado em defeitos ósseos em 12 coelhos (grupo experimental), sendo comparado a defeitos não preenchidos (grupo-controle, de igual número). Os parâmetros clínicos dor, claudicação, infecção, deiscência e edema foram avaliados nos primeiros oito dias após a cirurgia e aos 45 e 90 dias. Radiografias foram realizadas aos oito, 45 e 90 dias após a cirurgia em quatro animais por grupo que, em seguida, foram submetidos à eutanásia para coleta de amostras destinadas a análises histológica e histomorfométrica. Não ocorreram diferenças entre os grupos para todos os parâmetros clínicos. Radiografias demonstraram um compósito com radiopacidade semelhante à do osso vizinho e contato direto entre osso e compósito aos 45 e 90 dias. Diferença significativa foi observada entre a porcentagem dos tecidos ósseo e conjuntivo dentro do defeito nos dias oito, 45 e 90, assim como na interface aos 45 e 90 dias. Foram observadas projeções dos tecidos ósseo e conjuntivo no interior do compósito e sinais de biodegradação na ausência de infiltrado inflamatório. Pode-se concluir que o compósito é biocompatível, osseocondutor, biodegradável e se integra ao tecido ósseo.(AU)

The biocompatibility, osseointegration, osseoconductivity, and biodegradation of a 50-50 percent hydroxyapatite (HAP-91®)-polyhydroxybutyrate were evaluated. The composite was implanted in bone defects of 12 rabbits (experimental group), being compared to unfilled defects (control group, 12 animals). The clinical parameters of pain, lameness, infection, dehiscence, and edema were evaluated during the first eight days and on the 45th and 90th days after surgery. Radiographs were taken in four animals per group at 8, 45, and 90 days after surgery, when animals were euthanized to collect samples for histology and histomorphometry. Significant differences between groups for all clinical parameters were not observed. Radiographs showed a similar radiopacity of the composite and bone and their direct contact. More bone than connective tissue was found within the defect at 8, 45, and 90 days and at the interface on the 45th and 90th days. Projections of bone and connective tissue were seen inside the composite. Biodegradation signs became evident, with absence of inflammatory infiltrate. Data support that such composite is biocompatible, osseoconductive, biodegradable, and integrate to bone.(AU)

Osseointegração clínica-radiológica do compósito hidroxiapatita-lignina entre implante metálico e tecido ósseo em coelho / Clinical-radiographic osseointegration of hydroxyapatite-lignin composite between metallic implant and bone tissue in rabbit EN

Para avaliar o compósito hidroxiapatita-lignina na osseointegração entre implante metálico e o tecido ósseo, foram utilizados 20 coelhos adultos, nos quais foi realizada uma falha óssea na face lateral proximal de ambas as tíbias. Na tíbia esquerda, introduziu-se, no canal medular, um pino intramedular de Schanz revestido com o compósito em sua parte rosqueada, após o preenchimento daquele com 1000mg do compósito. A falha cortical foi preenchida com o compósito. O mesmo foi feito na tíbia direita, porém sem a utilização do compósito, servindo como controle. A avaliação clínica baseou-se na deiscência, claudicação, sensibilidade dolorosa e circunferência tibial. Foram realizadas radiografias imediatamente após a cirurgia e aos oito, 30, 60, 90 e 120 dias do pós-operatório. A maioria dos animais apresentou evolução clínica normal. Nas radiografias do grupo tratado, houve decréscimo da radiopacidade no defeito e no espaço medular até tornar-se semelhante à do osso circunvizinho, quadro inverso ao do grupo-controle. Conclui-se que o compósito hidroxiapatita-lignina não mostrou indícios clínicos de rejeição e que o tecido visualizado na altura da falha óssea e ao redor do pino intramedular tinha radiopacidade semelhante à do osso circunvizinho, o que sugere que o material promoveu a integração com o tecido ósseo.(AU)

This study evaluated a sinthetic hydroxyapatite-lignin composite for osseoingration between metallic implant and bone tissue. Twenty New Zealand rabbits were used. A defect was made a the proximal region of lateral surfaces of both tibias. An intramedullary pin was inserted in the medullary cavity of the left tibia after filling the cavity with 1,000mg of the composite and covering the thread part of the pin with the composite. The same procedure was made in control tibias without the composite. Clinical evaluation was based on inflammatory reaction, dehiscence, lameness, pain, and tibial circumference. Radiographs were made immediately after surgery and then on days eight, 30, 60, 90, and 120. Most of the animals presented normal clinical progression. Radiographies of treated group showed decrease in the defect and medullary cavity radiopacity to the same pattern of the surrounding bone, while the contrary happened in control group; but, in this group, the medullary cavity remained radioluscent at the last observation date. It can be concluded that the hydroxyapatite-lignin composite did not show clinical signs of rejection and that radiopacity of the tissue in the bone defect and surrounding the pin was similar to bone radiopacity, suggesting that the material promoted osseointegration.(AU)

Osseointegração clínica-radiológica do compósito hidroxiapatita-lignina entre implante metálico e tecido ósseo em coelho / Clinical-radiographic osseointegration of hydroxyapatite-lignin composite between metallic implant and bone tissue in rabbit

Para avaliar o compósito hidroxiapatita-lignina na osseointegração entre implante metálico e o tecido ósseo, foram utilizados 20 coelhos adultos, nos quais foi realizada uma falha óssea na face lateral proximal de ambas as tíbias. Na tíbia esquerda, introduziu-se, no canal medular, um pino intramedular de Schanz revestido com o compósito em sua parte rosqueada, após o preenchimento daquele com 1000mg do compósito. A falha cortical foi preenchida com o compósito. O mesmo foi feito na tíbia direita, porém sem a utilização do compósito, servindo como controle. A avaliação clínica baseou-se na deiscência, claudicação, sensibilidade dolorosa e circunferência tibial. Foram realizadas radiografias imediatamente após a cirurgia e aos oito, 30, 60, 90 e 120 dias do pós-operatório. A maioria dos animais apresentou evolução clínica normal. Nas radiografias do grupo tratado, houve decréscimo da radiopacidade no defeito e no espaço medular até tornar-se semelhante à do osso circunvizinho, quadro inverso ao do grupo-controle. Conclui-se que o compósito hidroxiapatita-lignina não mostrou indícios clínicos de rejeição e que o tecido visualizado na altura da falha óssea e ao redor do pino intramedular tinha radiopacidade semelhante à do osso circunvizinho, o que sugere que o material promoveu a integração com o tecido ósseo.

This study evaluated a sinthetic hydroxyapatite-lignin composite for osseoingration between metallic implant and bone tissue. Twenty New Zealand rabbits were used. A defect was made a the proximal region of lateral surfaces of both tibias. An intramedullary pin was inserted in the medullary cavity of the left tibia after filling the cavity with 1,000mg of the composite and covering the thread part of the pin with the composite. The same procedure was made in control tibias without the composite. Clinical evaluation was based on inflammatory reaction, dehiscence, lameness, pain, and tibial circumference. Radiographs were made immediately after surgery and then on days eight, 30, 60, 90, and 120. Most of the animals presented normal clinical progression. Radiographies of treated group showed decrease in the defect and medullary cavity radiopacity to the same pattern of the surrounding bone, while the contrary happened in control group; but, in this group, the medullary cavity remained radioluscent at the last observation date. It can be concluded that the hydroxyapatite-lignin composite did not show clinical signs of rejection and that radiopacity of the tissue in the bone defect and surrounding the pin was similar to bone radiopacity, suggesting that the material promoted osseointegration.

Resposta tecidual ao compósito 50 por cento hidroxiapatita: 50 por cento poli-hidroxibutirato para substituição óssea em coelhos / Tissue response to the composite 50 percent hydroxyapatite: 50 percent polyhydroxybutyrate for bone substitution in rabbits

Avaliaram-se a biocompatibilidade, a osseointegração, a osseocondução e a biodegradação de compósitos de 50 por cento hidroxiapatita (HAP-91®) e 50 por cento poli-hidroxibutirato. O compósito foi implantado em defeitos ósseos em 12 coelhos (grupo experimental), sendo comparado a defeitos não preenchidos (grupo-controle, de igual número). Os parâmetros clínicos dor, claudicação, infecção, deiscência e edema foram avaliados nos primeiros oito dias após a cirurgia e aos 45 e 90 dias. Radiografias foram realizadas aos oito, 45 e 90 dias após a cirurgia em quatro animais por grupo que, em seguida, foram submetidos à eutanásia para coleta de amostras destinadas a análises histológica e histomorfométrica. Não ocorreram diferenças entre os grupos para todos os parâmetros clínicos. Radiografias demonstraram um compósito com radiopacidade semelhante à do osso vizinho e contato direto entre osso e compósito aos 45 e 90 dias. Diferença significativa foi observada entre a porcentagem dos tecidos ósseo e conjuntivo dentro do defeito nos dias oito, 45 e 90, assim como na interface aos 45 e 90 dias. Foram observadas projeções dos tecidos ósseo e conjuntivo no interior do compósito e sinais de biodegradação na ausência de infiltrado inflamatório. Pode-se concluir que o compósito é biocompatível, osseocondutor, biodegradável e se integra ao tecido ósseo.

The biocompatibility, osseointegration, osseoconductivity, and biodegradation of a 50-50 percent hydroxyapatite (HAP-91®)-polyhydroxybutyrate were evaluated. The composite was implanted in bone defects of 12 rabbits (experimental group), being compared to unfilled defects (control group, 12 animals). The clinical parameters of pain, lameness, infection, dehiscence, and edema were evaluated during the first eight days and on the 45th and 90th days after surgery. Radiographs were taken in four animals per group at 8, 45, and 90 days after surgery, when animals were euthanized to collect samples for histology and histomorphometry. Significant differences between groups for all clinical parameters were not observed. Radiographs showed a similar radiopacity of the composite and bone and their direct contact. More bone than connective tissue was found within the defect at 8, 45, and 90 days and at the interface on the 45th and 90th days. Projections of bone and connective tissue were seen inside the composite. Biodegradation signs became evident, with absence of inflammatory infiltrate. Data support that such composite is biocompatible, osseoconductive, biodegradable, and integrate to bone.

Nematocidal activity of natural polyphenols from bryophytes and their derivatives.

The nematocidal in vitro activity of three natural perotetins (phenolic bisbibenzyiethers) and eleven diphenyl ethers used as synthetic precursors has been assayed using two different experimental models, Caenorhabditis elegans and Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. Nine compounds showed some activity against C. elegans and nine against N. brasiliensis. For the former model, three compounds displayed an activity similar to that of the standards, whereas for N. brasiliensis none of the tested compounds was as active as the standards. From the in vitro results, five compounds (3, 4, 8, 9, 13) could be selected as lead compounds to continue the search for improved activity.

[Intermediate gastric cancer]. / Cancer gástrico intermedio.

Gastric Cancer comprises two basic types: Advanced Gastric Cancer (A.G.C.) and Early Gastric Cancer (E.G.C.). A.G.C. extends beyond the proper muscle layer with a 5 to 17%, five years survival rate after surgery. E.G.C. does not extend beyond the submucosa (with or without metastasis to regional lymph nodes) and has a 80 - 95% five years survival rate. Intermediate Gastric Cancer, PM G.C. (Gastric cancer of the proper muscle layer) does not surpass the proper muscle layer and offers a five years life expectance of near 60% after adequate surgical treatment, with peculiar features in radiology, endoscopy and evolutivity. We report a case of PM G.C., "depressed" and "protruded". The proper muscle layer was invaded by the depressed lesion". Both lesions were continguous.

Cancer gástrico intermedio / [Intermediate gastric cancer]

Gastric Cancer comprises two basic types: Advanced Gastric Cancer (A.G.C.) and Early Gastric Cancer (E.G.C.). A.G.C. extends beyond the proper muscle layer with a 5 to 17

, five years survival rate after surgery. E.G.C. does not extend beyond the submucosa (with or without metastasis to regional lymph nodes) and has a 80 - 95

five years survival rate. Intermediate Gastric Cancer, PM G.C. (Gastric cancer of the proper muscle layer) does not surpass the proper muscle layer and offers a five years life expectance of near 60

after adequate surgical treatment, with peculiar features in radiology, endoscopy and evolutivity. We report a case of PM G.C., [quot ]depressed[quot ] and [quot ]protruded[quot ]. The proper muscle layer was invaded by the depressed lesion[quot ]. Both lesions were continguous.

Cancer gástrico intermedio. / [Intermediate gastric cancer]

Gastric Cancer comprises two basic types: Advanced Gastric Cancer (A.G.C.) and Early Gastric Cancer (E.G.C.). A.G.C. extends beyond the proper muscle layer with a 5 to 17

, five years survival rate after surgery. E.G.C. does not extend beyond the submucosa (with or without metastasis to regional lymph nodes) and has a 80 - 95

five years survival rate. Intermediate Gastric Cancer, PM G.C. (Gastric cancer of the proper muscle layer) does not surpass the proper muscle layer and offers a five years life expectance of near 60

after adequate surgical treatment, with peculiar features in radiology, endoscopy and evolutivity. We report a case of PM G.C., [quot ]depressed[quot ] and [quot ]protruded[quot ]. The proper muscle layer was invaded by the depressed lesion[quot ]. Both lesions were continguous.