ABSTRACT
(1) Background: We examined the effect of the acute administration of olive oil (EVOO), linseed oil (GLO), soybean oil (SO), and palm oil (PO) on gastric motility and appetite in rats. (2) Methods: We assessed food intake, gastric retention (GR), and gene expression in all groups. (3) Results: Both EVOO and GLO were found to enhance the rate of stomach retention, leading to a decrease in hunger. On the other hand, the reduction in food intake caused by SO was accompanied by delayed effects on stomach retention. PO caused an alteration in the mRNA expression of NPY, POMC, and CART. Although PO increased stomach retention after 180 min, it did not affect food intake. It was subsequently verified that the absence of an autonomic reaction did not nullify the influence of EVOO in reducing food consumption. Moreover, in the absence of parasympathetic responses, animals that received PO exhibited a significant decrease in food consumption, probably mediated by lower NPY expression. (4) Conclusions: This study discovered that different oils induce various effects on parameters related to food consumption. Specifically, EVOO reduces food consumption primarily through its impact on the gastrointestinal tract, making it a recommended adjunct for weight loss. Conversely, the intake of PO limits food consumption in the absence of an autonomic reaction, but it is not advised due to its contribution to the development of cardiometabolic disorders.
Subject(s)
Appetite Regulation , Hypothalamus , Neuropeptide Y , Olive Oil , Palm Oil , Soybean Oil , Vagus Nerve , Animals , Vagus Nerve/drug effects , Vagus Nerve/physiology , Hypothalamus/metabolism , Hypothalamus/drug effects , Male , Olive Oil/pharmacology , Neuropeptide Y/genetics , Neuropeptide Y/metabolism , Palm Oil/pharmacology , Appetite Regulation/drug effects , Soybean Oil/administration & dosage , Soybean Oil/pharmacology , Rats, Wistar , Linseed Oil/pharmacology , Rats , Eating/drug effects , Plant Oils/pharmacology , Pro-Opiomelanocortin/genetics , Pro-Opiomelanocortin/metabolism , Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics , Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism , Gastrointestinal Motility/drug effects , Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects , RNA, Messenger/metabolism , RNA, Messenger/geneticsABSTRACT
The effect of calorie restriction, fasting, and ketogenic diets on the treatment of liver cancer remains uncertain. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review to evaluate the effect of restrictive diets on the development and progression of liver cancer in animal models. We did a meta-analysis using the Cochrane Collaboration's Review Manager software, with the random effects model and the inverse variance technique. We examined 19 studies that were conducted between 1983 and 2020. Of these, 63.2% investigated calorie restriction, 21.0% experimented with a ketogenic diet, and 15.8% investigated the effects of fasting. The intervention lasted anything from 48 h to 221 weeks. Results showed that restrictive diets may reduce tumor incidence and progression, with a significant reduction in the risk of liver cancer development. Thereby, our results suggest that putting limits on what you eat may help treat liver cancer in more ways than one.