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Introduction Dysphagia induced by radiotherapy in the head and neck region comprises a challenging scenario and sometimes difficult rehabilitation due to the severity of the adverse effects. Some resources such as electrical stimulation have emerged as an alternative to complement the therapeutic process, but there is still no consensus on its use. Objective The purpose of the present study was to evaluate, through a meta-analysis, the effect of electrical stimulation on the rehabilitation of dysphagia generated after head and neck cancer treatment. Data Synthesis Four randomized controlled trials with a total of 146 participants were included. The age of the participants was 58.37 ± 1.8 years old and there was a predominance of males. The time to start the intervention ranged from 50.96 ± 40.12 months after cancer treatment. The intervention showed great heterogeneity regarding the positioning of the electrodes, parameters, duration of the stimulus, number of sessions, and intensity. No difference was identified in the following aspects: oral transit time, hyoid elevation, penetration and/or aspiration after electrostimulation. The quality of the evidence ranged from very low to moderate and high risk of bias. Conclusion In this meta-analysis, we found weak evidence for small and moderate swallowing benefits in patients after radiotherapy for head and neck cancer in short-term clinical trials.
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Background and Objectives: antimicrobial resistance is one of the main public health concerns worldwide. Intensive Care Units have a high prevalence of resistant microorganisms and infections, and the rational use of antibiotics is one of the main strategies for tackling this problem. This work aimed to describe patterns associated with antimicrobial drugs as well as the resistance profile of microorganisms. Methods: an observational study was carried out using data from patients hospitalized in the Intensive Care Unit who used antimicrobial agents. Results: respiratory and cardiological causes were the most frequent reasons for admission, with cephalosporins (29.02%), with penicillin (25.84%) and macrolides (16.10%) being the most used classes of antibiotics. The predominant microorganisms were Klebsiella pneumoniae (13.98%), Staphylococcus aureus (13.44%) and Acinetobacter baumannii (11.83%). Urine cultures and tracheal aspirate were the culture tests with the highest growth of gram-negative microorganisms. Patients with bacteria isolated in tracheal aspirate had longer hospital stays; 20 patients had positive surveillance cultures; and the mortality rate found was 55.45%. Conclusion: the study combined the institution's epidemiological profile with patient characteristics, isolated microorganisms and outcomes.(AU)
Justificativa e Objetivos: a resistência antimicrobiana é uma das principais preocupações de saúde pública em todo o mundo. As Unidades de Terapia Intensiva têm uma alta prevalência de microorganismos resistentes e infecções, e o uso racional de antibióticos é uma das principais estratégias para lidar com esse problema. Este trabalho teve como objetivo descrever padrões associados a medicamentos antimicrobianos, bem como o perfil de resistência dos microorganismos. Métodos: foi realizado um estudo observacional utilizando dados de pacientes hospitalizados na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva que utilizaram agentes antimicrobianos. Resultados: causas respiratórias e cardiológicas foram os motivos mais frequentes de admissão, com cefalosporinas (29,02%), penicilina (25,84%) e macrolídeos (16,10%) sendo as classes de antibióticos mais utilizadas. Os microorganismos predominantes foram Klebsiella pneumoniae (13,98%), Staphylococcus aureus (13,44%) e Acinetobacter baumannii (11,83%). Culturas de urina e aspirado traqueal foram os testes de cultura com maior crescimento de microorganismos gram-negativos. Pacientes com bactérias isoladas no aspirado traqueal tiveram internações mais longas; 20 pacientes tiveram culturas de vigilância positivas; e a taxa de mortalidade encontrada foi de 55,45%. Conclusão: o estudo combinou o perfil epidemiológico da instituição com características dos pacientes, microorganismos isolados e resultados.(AU)
Antecedentes y Objetivos: la resistencia antimicrobiana es una de las principales preocupaciones de salud pública en todo el mundo. Las Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos tienen una alta prevalencia de microorganismos resistentes e infecciones, y el uso racional de antibióticos es una de las principales estrategias para abordar este problema. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo describir patrones asociados con medicamentos antimicrobianos, así como el perfil de resistencia de los microorganismos. Métodos: se llevó a cabo un estudio observacional utilizando datos de pacientes hospitalizados en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos que utilizaron agentes antimicrobianos. Resultados: las causas respiratorias y cardiológicas fueron las razones más frecuentes de admisión, con cefalosporinas (29,02%), penicilina (25,84%) y macrólidos (16,10%) siendo las clases de antibióticos más utilizadas. Los microorganismos predominantes fueron Klebsiella pneumoniae (13,98%), Staphylococcus aureus (13,44%) y Acinetobacter baumannii (11,83%). Los cultivos de orina y el aspirado traqueal fueron las pruebas de cultivo con mayor crecimiento de microorganismos gramnegativos. Los pacientes con bacterias aisladas en el aspirado traqueal tuvieron estancias hospitalarias más largas; 20 pacientes tuvieron cultivos de vigilancia positivos; y la tasa de mortalidad encontrada fue del 55,45%. Conclusión: el estudio combinó el perfil epidemiológico de la institución con las características de los pacientes, los microorganismos aislados y los resultados.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Drug Prescriptions , Brazil , Drug Resistance, Microbial , Drug Resistance, Bacterial , Laboratory Test , Intensive Care Units , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Drug UtilizationABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Purpose: to validate the content and appearance of a booklet of speech therapy guidelines on dysphagia for adult oncology patients presented with dysphagia. Methods: a methodological study with a mixed approach, developed for the validation of a guidebook. The validation of the guidebook was made by five expert judges and eleven non-specialist ones. For validation, the Content Validity Index was used: CVI for each item, as well as for the general items. Results: the expert judges assigned the Content Validity Index value above 80% and of 92.20%, and the non-specialist judges attributed values above 90.9% and of 98.0%, which were considered excellent. Conclusion: the proposed guidebook was validated according to content and appearance. It is believed that this material can contribute to the understanding of the health-disease process, promote self-care and arouse the interest of other health professionals in the development of educational technologies in search of better health conditions for the target population.
RESUMO Objetivo: validar conteúdo e aparência de uma cartilha de orientações fonoaudiológicas sobre disfagia para pacientes adultos oncológicos disfágicos. Métodos: trata-se de um estudo metodológico de abordagem mista, desenvolvido para a validação de uma cartilha de orientações. A validação da cartilha, quanto ao conteúdo, foi feita por cinco juízes especialistas e, quanto à aparência, por onze juízes não especialistas. Para a validação utilizou-se o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo para cada item, bem como para todos os itens juntos. Resultados: os juízes especialistas atribuíram valor acima de 80% e de 92,20% para a escala geral de análise. E os juízes não especialistas atribuíram valores acima de 90,9% e de 98,0%, também para a escala geral, sendo considerados excelentes. Conclusão: a cartilha de orientações proposta foi validada segundo conteúdo e aparência. Acredita-se que o referido material possa contribuir para a compreensão do processo saúde-doença, promover o autocuidado e despertar o interesse de outros profissionais da área da saúde para o desenvolvimento de tecnologias educativas em busca de melhores condições de saúde para a população destinada.
ABSTRACT
Abstract Introduction Dysphagia induced by radiotherapy in the head and neck region comprises a challenging scenario and sometimes difficult rehabilitation due to the severity of the adverse effects. Some resources such as electrical stimulation have emerged as an alternative to complement the therapeutic process, but there is still no consensus on its use. Objective The purpose of the present study was to evaluate, through a meta-analysis, the effect of electrical stimulation on the rehabilitation of dysphagia generated after head and neck cancer treatment. Data Synthesis Four randomized controlled trials with a total of 146 participants were included. The age of the participants was 58.37 ± 1.8 years old and there was a predominance of males. The time to start the intervention ranged from 50.96 ± 40.12 months after cancer treatment. The intervention showed great heterogeneity regarding the positioning of the electrodes, parameters, duration of the stimulus, number of sessions, and intensity. No difference was identified in the following aspects: oral transit time, hyoid elevation, penetration and/or aspiration after electrostimulation. The quality of the evidence ranged from very low to moderate and high risk of bias. Conclusion In this meta-analysis, we found weak evidence for small and moderate swallowing benefits in patients after radiotherapy for head and neck cancer in short-term clinical trials.
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AIM: to describe cases of infection of Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) in critically ill patients affected by COVID-19, admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU), using dexamethasone. METHODOLOGY: cross-sectional study conducted on patients admitted to the intensive care unit COVID-19 survey among hospitalized patients from November 2020 to March 2021. SETTING: large hospital, reference for caring for patients with COVID-19 in Bahia (Brazil). PATIENTS: a convenience sample of 22 patients admitted to the COVID ICU signed the consent form agreeing to participate in the study. Three patients were excluded for having decided to participate without signing the form. RESULTS: of the 22 patients listed, 45â% (10) had blood infection or mechanical ventilation-associated pneumonia by A. baumannii in blood cultures and/or tracheal aspirate secretion. We observed that there is a moderate correlation between the length of stay and infection by A. baumannii (Spearman's ρ; 0.592; p-value<0.005) and a strong correlation between the number of days on mechanical ventilation and infection by these bacteria (Spearman's ρ; 0.740; p-value<0.001). This percentage is higher than the value of 0.62â% of infection by A. baumannii in this ICU in the same period of the year before COVID-19 (p-value<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: hospitals that receive patients with COVID-19 may be vulnerable to outbreaks of multi-drug resistant organisms, such as A. baumannii . It is worth reflecting on the care and operational practices in handling these patients, especially in isolation and restriction measures for those from other nosocomial areas.
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PURPOSE: To identify the effects of prophylactic, non-pharmacological measures on the progression of dysphagia in patients with head and neck cancer undergoing radiotherapy. RESEARCH STRATEGIES: The search was performed in Medline (via PubMed), Scopus, and Embase databases, as well as in the gray literature. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomized clinical trials were included, with adult patients (≥ 18 years old) and diagnosed with head and neck cancer, treated with radiotherapy (with or without surgery and chemotherapy), and submitted to non-pharmacological protocols for the prevention of dysphagia. DATA ANALYSIS: The risk of bias was assessed using the PEDRO scale and the overall quality of evidence was assessed using the GRADE instrument. RESULTS: Four studies were considered eligible, and of these, two were included in the meta-analysis. The result favored the intervention group, with a mean difference of 1.27 [95% CI: 0.74 to 1.80]. There was low heterogeneity and the mean score for risk of bias was 7.5 out of 11 points. The lack of detail in the care with selection, performance, detection, attrition, and reporting biases contributed to the judgment of the quality of the evidence, considered low. CONCLUSION: Prophylactic measures to contain dysphagia can promote important benefits on the oral intake of patients with head and neck cancer when compared to those who did not undergo such a therapeutic measure during radiotherapy.
OBJETIVO: Identificar os efeitos de medidas profiláticas, não farmacológicas, sobre a progressão da disfagia em pacientes com câncer de cabeça e pescoço submetidos a radioterapia. ESTRATÉGIA DE PESQUISA: A busca foi realizada nas bases de dados Medline (via PubMed), Scopus e Embase, assim como na literatura cinzenta. CRITÉRIOS DE SELEçÃO: Foram incluídos ensaios clínicos randomizados, com pacientes adultos (≥ 18 anos) e diagnóstico de câncer de cabeça e pescoço, tratados com radioterapia (associada ou não à cirurgia e quimioterapia) submetidos a protocolos não farmacológicos de prevenção da disfagia. ANÁLISE DOS DADOS: O risco de viés foi avaliado por meio da escala PEDRO e a qualidade global da evidência foi avaliada de acordo com o instrumento GRADE. RESULTADOS: Foram considerados elegíveis 4 estudos, e desses, dois foram incluídos na metanálise. O resultado favoreceu o grupo intervenção, com diferença média de 1,27 [IC 95%: 0,74 à 1,80]. Houve baixa heterogeneidade e a pontuação média para risco de viés foi de 7,5 de um total de 11 pontos. A falta de detalhamento nos cuidados com os vieses de seleção, performance, detecção, atrito e de relato contribuíram para o julgamento da qualidade da evidência, considerada baixa. CONCLUSÃO: Medidas profiláticas de contenção da disfagia podem promover importantes benefícios sobre a ingesta oral dos pacientes com câncer de cabeça e pescoço, quando comparados aqueles que não realizaram tal medida terapêutica ao longo da radioterapia.
Subject(s)
Deglutition Disorders , Head and Neck Neoplasms , Adult , Humans , Adolescent , Deglutition Disorders/etiology , Deglutition Disorders/prevention & control , Head and Neck Neoplasms/radiotherapyABSTRACT
Introdução:O presente estudo considerou conciliações medicamentosas realizadas na admissão hospitalar de pacientes transplantados renais e intervenções farmacêuticas decorrentes desse processo.Métodos:Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado no período de julho de 2018 a julho de 2019 no Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. Foram coletadas as características dos pacientes, as conciliações medicamentosas realizadas pelo farmacêutico clínico, as discrepâncias identificadas pelo mesmo (intencionais e não intencionais) e o resultado das intervenções. Os medicamentos foram classificados de acordo com a Anatomic Therapeutic Chemical (ATC).Resultados:Dos 719 pacientes acompanhados pelo farmacêutico clínico, 175 tiveram a conciliação medicamentosa de admissão realizada, desses, 56 apresentaram discrepâncias não intencionais. Encontramos a média de 2,2 medicamentos omissos por prescrição com desvio padrão de 1,3 medicamentos. No total, foram realizadas 122 intervenções farmacêuticas, sendo que em 61,5% houve adesão por parte da equipe médica. A classe terapêutica com maior ocorrência (43,4%) de discrepâncias não intencionais foi a que atuava sobre o aparelho cardiovascular. As variáveis observadas foram sexo, número de medicamentos nas intervenções (ambas com associação significativa com a adesão médica), idade, tempo de internação, número de medicamentos na internação e número de medicamentos de uso prévio (estas últimas sem associação significativa com a adesão médica). Conclusões:A conciliação medicamentosa previne possíveis erros de medicação, uma vez que a identificação das discrepâncias não intencionais na prescrição médica gera sinalizações que são levadas pelo farmacêutico clínico à equipe assistente, a fim garantir o uso seguro e correto dos medicamentos durante a internação hospitalar.
Introduction:This study considered medication reconciliations performed on hospital admission of kidney transplant patients and pharmaceutical interventions resulting from this process.Methods:This is a cross-sectional study carried out from July 2018 to July 2019 at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. The characteristics of the patients, the medication reconciliations performed by the clinical pharmacist, the discrepancies identified by the same (intentional and unintentional) and the result of the interventions were collected. The drugs were classified according to the Anatomic Therapeutic Chemical (ATC). Results:Of the 719 patients monitored by the clinical pharmacist, 175 had medication reconciliation on admission performed, of which 56 had unintentional discrepancies. We found an average of 2.2 missing medications per prescription with a standard deviation of 1.3 medications. In total, 122 pharmaceutical interventions were performed, and in 61.5% there was adherence by the medical team. The therapeutic class with the highest occurrence (43.4%) of unintentional discrepancies was that which acted on the cardiovascular system. The variables observed were gender, number of medications in interventions (both with a significant association with medical adherence), age, length of stay, number of medications in hospitalization and number of medications previously used (the latter without a significant association with medical adherence).Conclusions:Medication reconciliation prevents possible medication errors, since the identification of unintentional discrepancies in the medical prescription generates signals that are taken by the clinical pharmacist to the assistant team, in order to guarantee the safe and correct use of medications during hospitalization.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Pharmaceutical Services/statistics & numerical data , Drug Therapy/statistics & numerical data , Medication Reconciliation/statistics & numerical data , Clinical Pharmacy Information Systems/supply & distribution , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse ReactionsABSTRACT
RESUMO Objetivo Identificar os efeitos de medidas profiláticas, não farmacológicas, sobre a progressão da disfagia em pacientes com câncer de cabeça e pescoço submetidos a radioterapia. Estratégia de pesquisa A busca foi realizada nas bases de dados Medline (via PubMed), Scopus e Embase, assim como na literatura cinzenta. Critérios de seleção Foram incluídos ensaios clínicos randomizados, com pacientes adultos (≥ 18 anos) e diagnóstico de câncer de cabeça e pescoço, tratados com radioterapia (associada ou não à cirurgia e quimioterapia) submetidos a protocolos não farmacológicos de prevenção da disfagia. Análise dos dados O risco de viés foi avaliado por meio da escala PEDRO e a qualidade global da evidência foi avaliada de acordo com o instrumento GRADE. Resultados Foram considerados elegíveis 4 estudos, e desses, dois foram incluídos na metanálise. O resultado favoreceu o grupo intervenção, com diferença média de 1,27 [IC 95%: 0,74 à 1,80]. Houve baixa heterogeneidade e a pontuação média para risco de viés foi de 7,5 de um total de 11 pontos. A falta de detalhamento nos cuidados com os vieses de seleção, performance, detecção, atrito e de relato contribuíram para o julgamento da qualidade da evidência, considerada baixa. Conclusão Medidas profiláticas de contenção da disfagia podem promover importantes benefícios sobre a ingesta oral dos pacientes com câncer de cabeça e pescoço, quando comparados aqueles que não realizaram tal medida terapêutica ao longo da radioterapia.
ABSTRACT Purpose To identify the effects of prophylactic, non-pharmacological measures on the progression of dysphagia in patients with head and neck cancer undergoing radiotherapy. Research strategies The search was performed in Medline (via PubMed), Scopus, and Embase databases, as well as in the gray literature. Selection criteria Randomized clinical trials were included, with adult patients (≥ 18 years old) and diagnosed with head and neck cancer, treated with radiotherapy (with or without surgery and chemotherapy), and submitted to non-pharmacological protocols for the prevention of dysphagia. Data analysis The risk of bias was assessed using the PEDRO scale and the overall quality of evidence was assessed using the GRADE instrument. Results Four studies were considered eligible, and of these, two were included in the meta-analysis. The result favored the intervention group, with a mean difference of 1.27 [95% CI: 0.74 to 1.80]. There was low heterogeneity and the mean score for risk of bias was 7.5 out of 11 points. The lack of detail in the care with selection, performance, detection, attrition, and reporting biases contributed to the judgment of the quality of the evidence, considered low. Conclusion Prophylactic measures to contain dysphagia can promote important benefits on the oral intake of patients with head and neck cancer when compared to those who did not undergo such a therapeutic measure during radiotherapy.
ABSTRACT
Resumo Educar para a bioética é um desafio na atualidade. Ainda maior se torna este desafio, quando pensamos no ensino da bioética a estudantes de enfermagem, que irão desempenhar uma profissão que tem como expoente máximo o cuidar da outra pessoa. Tratando-se de uma profissão que implica a relação com o outro e a prestação de cuidados humanizados e adequados a cada situação específica, torna-se importante desenvolver ferramentas de ensino que promovam não só o desenvolvimento técnico e o conhecimento de como fazer, mas essencialmente o desenvolvimento de competências morais, pessoais e profissionais que conduzam a cuidados de saúde de excelência. Este artigo pretende apresentar uma reflexão sobre o ensino da bioética e a sua relação com o desenvolvimento da competência moral dos estudantes de enfermagem, assim como sugerir algumas estratégias no ensino da Bioética que potenciem a formação de enfermeiros cada vez mais competentes.
Abstract Educating for bioethics is a challenge today. This challenge is even greater when we think of the teaching of bioethics to nursing students, who will perform a profession that has as its maximum target the care of other people. Because it is a profession that implies the relationship with the other and the provision of humanized and appropriate care to each situation, it is important to develop teaching tools that promote not only technical improvement and knowledge of how to do a task, but also the development of moral, personal and professional skills that lead to excellent health care. This article presents a reflection on the teaching of bioethics and its relationship with the development of moral competence of nursing students, suggesting some strategies that enhance the teaching of bioethics and the education of increasingly competent nurses.
Resumen Educar en bioética es un desafío en la actualidad. Esto se vuelve más grande cuando pensamos en la enseñanza de bioética a estudiantes de enfermería, quienes desempeñarán una profesión que tiene la máxima expresión la asistencia a las personas. Por ser una profesión que involucra la relación con el otro y la prestación de una asistencia humanizada y adecuada a cada situación específica, es importante desarrollar herramientas didácticas que promuevan no solo el desarrollo técnico y el conocimiento de cómo hacerlo, sino fundamentalmente el desarrollo de competencias morales, personales y profesionales que promuevan una excelente atención en salud. Este artículo reflexiona sobre la enseñanza de la bioética y su relación con el desarrollo de la competencia moral de los estudiantes de enfermería, así como sugiere algunas estrategias para la enseñanza de la Bioética que promueva una formación de profesionales cada vez más competentes.
Subject(s)
Professional Competence , Students, Nursing , Bioethics/education , Moral DevelopmentABSTRACT
Livestock production is considered an important factor influencing global warming; however, climate change has also been considered one of the major factors affecting livestock production and reproduction. The present study was carried out in the Southern region of Brazil and aimed to assess the seasonal influence of climatic factors and external morphology of the animals on the semen quality. Three ejaculates were obtained from each bull (Crioulo Lageano and Angus) in summer and winter seasons. Motile cells, sperm vigor, sperm concentration, sperm membrane status, and sperm abnormalities were analyzed in fresh and post-thawed semen. In addition, the sperm kinetics using CASA was assessed on post-thawed semen. Environmental data such as air temperature (AT), relative humidity (RH), mean radiant temperature (MRT) and temperature-humidity index (THI) were measured. Furthermore, body and testicular metrics, as well as hair coat characteristics, were recorded in each season on all bulls. Environmental traits differed significantly between seasons. Results of the PLS regression and Spearman's correlations confirmed a negative relationship between climatic variables and sperm traits in both seasons. Semen quality between breeds and seasons was similar, satisfactory, and heat stress was not sufficient to impair spermatozoa viability. External morphological traits were considered non-important in the final model. The findings of this study suggest that AT, MRT, and THI were the most important factors that could affect seminal characteristics of bulls raised in a subtropical climate.
Subject(s)
Semen Analysis , Semen Preservation , Animals , Cattle , Male , Plant Breeding , Seasons , Semen , Semen Analysis/veterinary , Semen Preservation/veterinary , Sperm Count/veterinary , Sperm Motility , SpermatozoaABSTRACT
Introdução: A atuação fonoaudiológica na disfagia decorrente do câncer de esôfago ainda é recente. Não foi encontrado até o momento, estudos que descrevam a atuação fonoaudiológica em pacientes com câncer de esôfago submetidos a radioterapia. Sendo assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo descrever a atuação fonoaudiológica em pacientes com câncer de esôfago, submetidos a tratamento radioterápico com queixa de disfagia. Métodos: Trata-se de uma série de cinco casos, que receberam acompanhamento fonoaudiológico ambulatorial. Os pacientes foram avaliados por meio de avaliação clínica da deglutição, classificação do grau de alteração de deglutição com aplicação de escala visual analógica e protocolos de qualidade de vida utilizados na área da oncologia. Foram submetidos ainda a uma abordagem terapêutica para deglutição. Resultados: Os pacientes obtiveram melhora da deglutição, apresentando, ao término do tratamento, diminuição dos sintomas de disfagia, possibilidade de ingesta de alimentos via oral e melhora da qualidade de vida. Conclusão: A fonoterapia, compreendendo a avaliação clínica da deglutição, seguida de treino da deglutição e exercício miofuncional para abertura do esfíncter esofágico superior (Shaker), auxiliou na reabilitação da disfagia esofágica.
Introduction: Speech therapy performance in dysphagia resulting from esophageal cancer is still a recent subject. To date, there are no studies describing the speech therapy performance of patients with esophageal cancer undergoing radiotherapy. For this reason, the aim of this study was to describe speech therapy performance in patients with esophageal cancer receiving radiotherapy treatment and with complaints of dysphagia. Methods: This is a series of five cases, with patients that received outpatient speech therapy. The patients were assessed using clinical swallowing evaluation, classification of the degree of swallowing alteration with application of visual analog scale and quality of life protocols used in oncology. They also underwent a therapeutic approach to swallowing. Results: The patients' swallowing was improved and, at the end of the treatment, there were reduced symptoms of dysphagia, possibility of oral intake of food and improved quality of life. Conclusions: Speech therapy, comprising the clinical assessment of the swallowing function, followed by swallowing training and myofunctional exercise to open the upper esophageal sphincter, supported the rehabilitation of esophageal dysphagia.
Introducción: La actuación fonoaudiológica en disfagia decurrente de cáncer del esófago es todavía reciente. Hasta ahora, no se han encontrado estudios que describan la actuación fonoaudiológica en pacientes con cáncer de esófago sometidos a radioterapia. De esta forma, este trabajo tuvo como objetivo describir la actuación del fonoaudiologo en pacientes con cáncer de esófago sometidos a tratamiento de radioterapia con queja de disfagia.Métodos: Esta es una serie de cinco casos, que recibieron terapia fonoaudiologica en ambulatorio. Los pacientes fueron evaluados mediante evaluación clínica de deglución, clasificación del nivel de alteración de la deglución con aplicación de escala visual analógica y protocolos de calidad de vida utilizados en el área de oncología. También fueron sometidos a un enfoque terapéutico para la deglución. Resultados: Los pacientes mejoraron su deglución, presentando, al final del tratamiento, una reducción en los síntomas de disfagia, la posibilidad de ingesta de alimentos por vía oral y una mejora en la calidad de vida. Conclusión: La terapia fonoaudiologica, que comprende la evaluación clínica de deglución, seguida del entrenamiento de deglución y ejercicio miofuncional para abrir el esfínter esofágico superior, ayudó en la rehabilitación de la disfagia esofágica.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Speech Therapy , Esophageal Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Deglutition Disorders/therapy , Quality of Life , Esophageal Neoplasms/complications , Deglutition Disorders/etiologyABSTRACT
This study aimed to produce and characterize a recombinant Kluyveromyces sp. ß-galactosidase fused to a cellulose-binding domain (CBD) for industrial application. In expression assays, the highest enzymatic activities occurred after 48 h induction on Escherichia coli C41(DE3) strain at 20 °C in Terrific Broth (TB) culture medium, using isopropyl ß-d-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) 0.5 mM (108.77 U/mL) or lactose 5 g/L (93.10 U/mL) as inducers. Cultures at bioreactor scale indicated that higher product yield values in relation to biomass (2000 U/g) and productivity (0.72 U/mL.h) were obtained in culture media containing higher protein concentration. The recombinant enzyme showed high binding affinity to nanocellulose, reaching both immobilization yield and efficiency values of approximately 70% at pH 7.0 after 10 min reaction. The results of the present study pointed out a strategy for recombinant ß-galactosidase-CBD production and immobilization, aiming toward the application in sustainable industrial processes using low-cost inputs.
Subject(s)
Bioreactors , Escherichia coli , Cellulose , Escherichia coli/genetics , Lactose , beta-Galactosidase/geneticsABSTRACT
This study was designed to evaluate the seasonal expression of seminal plasma proteins from two bovine breeds adapted to a subtropical climate and their associations with post-thawing sperm and environmental characteristics. Semen samples were obtained three times in summer and three times in winter from four Crioulo Lageano and four Angus bulls. Seminal plasma was obtained by centrifugation, and the other portion of the semen was cryopreserved. Seminal plasma proteins were identified by 2D-nanoUPLC-MSE. Post-thawing assessments of sperm kinetics, morphology and membrane integrity were performed. Environmental data such as air temperature, air humidity and black globe temperature (BGT) were recorded, and the temperature-humidity index (THI) was calculated in summer and winter. Results showed that the climate varied significantly between seasons. Although no statistical differences were observed in semen quality between breeds, the protein profiles varied within and between seasons. We suggest that the most critical proteins in summer affecting sperm characteristics were TIMP-2, DNase, Clusterin, CFAH and GPx6. TIMP-2 and DNase showed a higher abundance in Crioulo Lageano in comparison with Angus, while Clusterin, CFAH and GPx6 presented a lower abundance. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a recently evolved type of glutathione peroxidase, GPx6, in seminal plasma of bovines. In winter, five proteins were considered to be more critical: BSP1, BSP3, CCL2, Sulfhydryl oxidase and TIMP-2. BSP1 and TIMP-2 showed a lower abundance while BSP3, CCL2 and Sulfhydryl oxidase presented a higher abundance in this season in Crioulo Lageano in comparison with Angus.
RESUMO: Este estudo foi desenvolvido para avaliar a expressão sazonal de proteínas plasmáticas seminais de duas raças bovinas adaptadas ao clima subtropical e suas associações com espermatozóides pós-descongelamento e características ambientais. Amostras de sêmen foram obtidas três vezes no verão e três no inverno de quatro touros Crioulo Lageano e quatro Angus. O plasma seminal foi obtido por centrifugação e outra porção do sêmen foi criopreservada. As proteínas plasmáticas seminais foram identificadas por 2D-nanoUPLC-MSE. Foram realizadas avaliações pós-descongelamento da cinética espermática, morfologia e integridade da membrana. Dados ambientais como temperatura do ar, umidade do ar e temperatura do globo negro (BGT) foram registrados, e o índice temperatura-umidade (THI) foi calculado no verão e no inverno. Os resultados mostraram que o clima variou significativamente entre as estações. Embora não tenham sido observadas diferenças estatísticas na qualidade do sêmen entre as raças, os perfis proteicos variaram dentro e entre as estações. Sugerimos que as proteínas mais críticas no verão que afetam as características espermáticas foram TIMP-2, DNase, Clusterin, CFAH e GPx6. TIMP-2 e DNase apresentaram maior abundância em Crioulo Lageano em comparação com Angus, enquanto Clusterin, CFAH e GPx6 apresentaram menor abundância. Até onde sabemos, este é o primeiro relato de um tipo recentemente desenvolvido de glutationa peroxidase, GPx6, no plasma seminal de bovinos. No inverno, cinco proteínas foram consideradas mais críticas: BSP1, BSP3, CCL2, sulfidril oxidase e TIMP-2. BSP1 e TIMP-2 apresentaram menor abundância, enquanto BSP3, CCL2 e Sulfidril oxidase apresentaram maior abundância nesta temporada em Crioulo Lageano em comparação com Angus.
Subject(s)
Acclimatization , Cattle/metabolism , Seasons , Seminal Plasma Proteins/metabolism , Adaptation, Physiological , Animals , Breeding , Cryopreservation/veterinary , Humidity , Male , Protein Interaction Maps , Semen , Semen Analysis/veterinary , Spermatozoa , TemperatureABSTRACT
Animals in subtropical regions can be exposed to periods of thermal stress. Locally adapted breeds are especially important in this context, but these have little information available in their natural environments. The aim of this study was to assess whether season affects thermal comfort and physiological responses to increased temperatures of two breeds of bulls in a subtropical climate. Four Angus and four Crioulo Lageano bulls were used in this study. Body and testicles measurements, skin pigmentation and thickness, hair number, length and pigmentation, respiratory rate, panting score, rectal temperature and haematological profile were recorded on three occasions in summer and winter, morning and afternoon. The surface temperature of the flank, eye and scrotum were obtained by infrared thermography. Hair coat colour was determined by CIELAB method. Thermal comfort indexes were calculated from meteorological data. Statistical analysis included analyses of variance, correlations and a partial least squares regression in determining which traits were the most important in thermal adaptability. External morphology of the bulls was important for explaining physiological changes in both seasons, but their contribution was greater in summer. Bulls experienced moderate heat stress in summer, which led to significant physiological responses, which were more pronounced in Angus bulls. The main differences in thermal adaptation found between breeds were the hair coat characteristics and respiratory rate. Despite using different mechanisms to cope with environmental challenges, all bulls were able to maintain optimal testicular thermoregulation as well as systemic normothermia throughout the seasons, showing good adaptation to the climate conditions.(AU)
Animais em regiões subtropicais podem ser expostos ao estresse térmico. As raças localmente adaptadas são especialmente importantes nesse contexto, mas possuem pouca informação disponível em seus ambientes naturais. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar se a estação afeta o conforto térmico e as respostas fisiológicas ao aumento da temperatura de duas raças de touros em clima subtropical. Quatro touros Angus e quatro Crioulo Lageano foram utilizados neste estudo. As medidas do corpo e testículos, pigmentação e espessura da pele, número, comprimento e pigmentação de pêlos, frequência respiratória, escore ofegante, temperatura retal e perfil hematológico foram registradas no verão e inverno, manhã e tarde. A temperatura da superfície do flanco, olho e escroto foi obtida por termografia infravermelho. Os índices de conforto térmico foram calculados a partir de dados meteorológicos. A análise estatística incluiu análises de variância, correlações e uma regressão parcial de mínimos quadrados para determinar quais características foram as mais importantes na adaptabilidade térmica. A morfologia externa dos touros foi importante para explicar as mudanças fisiológicas nas duas estações, mas sua contribuição foi maior no verão. Os touros sofreram estresse térmico moderado no verão, o que levou a respostas fisiológicas significativas, que foram mais pronunciadas na Angus. As principais diferenças de adaptação térmica encontradas entre as raças foram as características do pêlo e a frequência respiratória. Apesar de usar diferentes mecanismos para lidar com os desafios ambientais, todos os touros foram capazes de manter a termorregulação testicular ideal e a normotermia, mostrando boa adaptação às condições climáticas.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Cattle/abnormalities , Cattle/physiology , Physiological Phenomena , Body Temperature Regulation , Heat Stress Disorders , Heat-Shock ResponseABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Purpose: to describe the speech therapy aspects of patients treated by the palliative care team in a hospital. Methods: an observational and cross-sectional study, performed from medical records of patients treated under Palliative Care Program, in a hospital, from July to September 2018. Information from the anamnesis and speech-language assessments, which were analyzed by frequency measures, were collected. Results: the sample was composed by 41 medical records, including 25 males and 16 females, with an average age of 61.2 years and hospitalization average time of 20.7 days. Oral feeding was present in 73% of the sample. It was observed that 24% of the patients had impaired expressive language, 56% had reduced maximum phonation times and 34% showed altered mobility phonoarticulatory organs. For swallowing, 22% showed difficulty in some consistency. A nutritional feeding was verified in 74% of the sample and the remaining was making use of comfort feeding. In relation to assistance, 46% of the sample was under management, 7% in therapy, and the remaining did not have follow-up indication. Conclusion: relevant alterations to orofacial motricity, voice, language and swallowing were found in patients under palliative care.
RESUMO Objetivo: caracterizar aspectos fonoaudiológicos de pacientes atendidos pela equipe de cuidados paliativos em complexo hospitalar. Métodos: estudo transversal, observacional, realizado a partir de dados de prontuários de pacientes internados pelo Programa de Cuidados Paliativos de um hospital, no período entre julho e setembro de 2018. Foram coletadas informações da anamnese e avaliações fonoaudiológicas, as quais foram analisadas por medidas de frequência para as variáveis categóricas e medidas de tendência central e dispersão para as variáveis contínuas. Resultados: a amostra foi composta por 41 prontuários, referentes a 25 homens e 16 mulheres, com média de idade de 61,2 anos e tempo médio de internação de 20,7 dias. A alimentação oral esteve presente em 73% da amostra. Observou-se que 24% dos pacientes apresentavam linguagem expressiva prejudicada, 56% apresentaram tempos máximos de fonação reduzidos e 34% mobilidade de órgãos fonoarticulatórios alterada. Quanto à deglutição, 22% apresentaram dificuldade em alguma consistência. Dieta para nutrição foi verificada em 74% da amostra e o restante fazia uso de dieta para conforto. Sobre a assistência, 46% da amostra estava em gerenciamento, 7% em terapia, demais sem acompanhamento. Conclusão: foram encontradas alterações pertinentes à motricidade orofacial, voz, linguagem e deglutição em pacientes em cuidados paliativos.
ABSTRACT
Animals in subtropical regions can be exposed to periods of thermal stress. Locally adapted breeds are especially important in this context, but these have little information available in their natural environments. The aim of this study was to assess whether season affects thermal comfort and physiological responses to increased temperatures of two breeds of bulls in a subtropical climate. Four Angus and four Crioulo Lageano bulls were used in this study. Body and testicles measurements, skin pigmentation and thickness, hair number, length and pigmentation, respiratory rate, panting score, rectal temperature and haematological profile were recorded on three occasions in summer and winter, morning and afternoon. The surface temperature of the flank, eye and scrotum were obtained by infrared thermography. Hair coat colour was determined by CIELAB method. Thermal comfort indexes were calculated from meteorological data. Statistical analysis included analyses of variance, correlations and a partial least squares regression in determining which traits were the most important in thermal adaptability. External morphology of the bulls was important for explaining physiological changes in both seasons, but their contribution was greater in summer. Bulls experienced moderate heat stress in summer, which led to significant physiological responses, which were more pronounced in Angus bulls. The main differences in thermal adaptation found between breeds were the hair coat characteristics and respiratory rate. Despite using different mechanisms to cope with environmental challenges, all bulls were able to maintain optimal testicular thermoregulation as well as systemic normothermia throughout the seasons, showing good adaptation to the climate conditions.
Animais em regiões subtropicais podem ser expostos ao estresse térmico. As raças localmente adaptadas são especialmente importantes nesse contexto, mas possuem pouca informação disponível em seus ambientes naturais. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar se a estação afeta o conforto térmico e as respostas fisiológicas ao aumento da temperatura de duas raças de touros em clima subtropical. Quatro touros Angus e quatro Crioulo Lageano foram utilizados neste estudo. As medidas do corpo e testículos, pigmentação e espessura da pele, número, comprimento e pigmentação de pêlos, frequência respiratória, escore ofegante, temperatura retal e perfil hematológico foram registradas no verão e inverno, manhã e tarde. A temperatura da superfície do flanco, olho e escroto foi obtida por termografia infravermelho. Os índices de conforto térmico foram calculados a partir de dados meteorológicos. A análise estatística incluiu análises de variância, correlações e uma regressão parcial de mínimos quadrados para determinar quais características foram as mais importantes na adaptabilidade térmica. A morfologia externa dos touros foi importante para explicar as mudanças fisiológicas nas duas estações, mas sua contribuição foi maior no verão. Os touros sofreram estresse térmico moderado no verão, o que levou a respostas fisiológicas significativas, que foram mais pronunciadas na Angus. As principais diferenças de adaptação térmica encontradas entre as raças foram as características do pêlo e a frequência respiratória. Apesar de usar diferentes mecanismos para lidar com os desafios ambientais, todos os touros foram capazes de manter a termorregulação testicular ideal e a normotermia, mostrando boa adaptação às condições climáticas.
Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Cattle/abnormalities , Cattle/physiology , Physiological Phenomena , Body Temperature Regulation , Heat Stress Disorders , Heat-Shock ResponseABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Animals in subtropical regions can be exposed to periods of thermal stress. Locally adapted breeds are especially important in this context, but these have little information available in their natural environments. The aim of this study was to assess whether season affects thermal comfort and physiological responses to increased temperatures of two breeds of bulls in a subtropical climate. Four Angus and four Crioulo Lageano bulls were used in this study. Body and testicles measurements, skin pigmentation and thickness, hair number, length and pigmentation, respiratory rate, panting score, rectal temperature and haematological profile were recorded on three occasions in summer and winter, morning and afternoon. The surface temperature of the flank, eye and scrotum were obtained by infrared thermography. Hair coat colour was determined by CIELAB method. Thermal comfort indexes were calculated from meteorological data. Statistical analysis included analyses of variance, correlations and a partial least squares regression in determining which traits were the most important in thermal adaptability. External morphology of the bulls was important for explaining physiological changes in both seasons, but their contribution was greater in summer. Bulls experienced moderate heat stress in summer, which led to significant physiological responses, which were more pronounced in Angus bulls. The main differences in thermal adaptation found between breeds were the hair coat characteristics and respiratory rate. Despite using different mechanisms to cope with environmental challenges, all bulls were able to maintain optimal testicular thermoregulation as well as systemic normothermia throughout the seasons, showing good adaptation to the climate conditions.
RESUMO Animais em regiões subtropicais podem ser expostos ao estresse térmico. As raças localmente adaptadas são especialmente importantes nesse contexto, mas possuem pouca informação disponível em seus ambientes naturais. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar se a estação afeta o conforto térmico e as respostas fisiológicas ao aumento da temperatura de duas raças de touros em clima subtropical. Quatro touros Angus e quatro Crioulo Lageano foram utilizados neste estudo. As medidas do corpo e testículos, pigmentação e espessura da pele, número, comprimento e pigmentação de pêlos, frequência respiratória, escore ofegante, temperatura retal e perfil hematológico foram registradas no verão e inverno, manhã e tarde. A temperatura da superfície do flanco, olho e escroto foi obtida por termografia infravermelho. Os índices de conforto térmico foram calculados a partir de dados meteorológicos. A análise estatística incluiu análises de variância, correlações e uma regressão parcial de mínimos quadrados para determinar quais características foram as mais importantes na adaptabilidade térmica. A morfologia externa dos touros foi importante para explicar as mudanças fisiológicas nas duas estações, mas sua contribuição foi maior no verão. Os touros sofreram estresse térmico moderado no verão, o que levou a respostas fisiológicas significativas, que foram mais pronunciadas na Angus. As principais diferenças de adaptação térmica encontradas entre as raças foram as características do pêlo e a frequência respiratória. Apesar de usar diferentes mecanismos para lidar com os desafios ambientais, todos os touros foram capazes de manter a termorregulação testicular ideal e a normotermia, mostrando boa adaptação às condições climáticas.
ABSTRACT
Objetivo: Descrever a atuação fonoaudiológica hospitalar no paciente oncológico disfágico. Métodos: Estudo transversal, retrospectivo, descritivo, quantitativo, desenvolvido em um hospital oncológico. A amostra foi composta por prontuários de pacientes com câncer que realizaram acompanhamento fonoaudiológico para disfagia. Foram aplicados indicadores fonoaudiológicos de disfagia e comparada a escala de ingestão de alimentação por via oral (FOIS) antes e após terapia fonoaudiológica. Resultados: A amostra contou com 400 prontuários, 189 foram incluídos no GA (grupo ambulatório) e 211 no GI (grupo internação). A média geral da idade da amostra corresponde a 60,35±12,63, sendo o predomínio de homens 263 (65,8%). Quanto às neoplasias apresentadas pelos pacientes: 247 cabeça e pescoço e 43 esôfago e estômago. No GA 143 (75,7%) pacientes melhoraram a escala FOIS pós-terapia, 33 pacientes (17,5%) mantiveram o mesmo nível e 13 pacientes (6,9%) apresentaram piora na FOIS após o processo terapêutico. No GI 103 (48,8%) pacientes melhoraram pós-terapia, 81 pacientes (38,4%) mantiveram o mesmo nível na escala, e 27 pacientes (12,8%) apresentaram piora após a terapia fonoaudiológica. Conclusão: O estabelecimento de indicadores na atuação junto ao paciente disfágico permite identificar e quantificar as melhorias dos processos assistenciais, trazendo benefícios diretos aos pacientes, auxiliando na caracterização da população atendida, otimizando e aprimorando os processos e resultados, visando o aprimoramento da qualidade dos serviços prestados, bem como redução do tempo de internação e dos custos hospitalares.
Objective: To describe hospital speech therapy in dysphagic cancer patients. Methods: Crosssectional, retrospective, descriptive, quantitative study, developed in an oncology hospital. The sample consisted of medical records of cancer patients who underwent speech therapy follow-up for dysphagia. Speech therapy indicators of dysphagia were applied and the oral food intake scale (FOIS) was compared before and after speech therapy. Results: The sample had 400 medical records, 189 were included in the GA (outpatient group) and 211 in the IG (hospitalization group). The general mean age of the sample corresponds to 60.35 ± 12.63, with a predominance of men 263 (65.8%). In relation to the neoplasms presented by the patients: 247 head and neck, and 43 esophagus and stomach. In GA 143 (75.7%) patients improved the FOIS scale after therapy, 33 patients (17.5%) maintained the same level and 13 patients (6.9%) presented worsening in FOIS after the therapeutic process. In GI 103 (48.8%) patients improved after therapy, 81 patients (38.4%) maintained the same level on the scale, and 27 patients (12.8%) presented worsening after speech therapy. Conclusion: The establishment of indicators in the performance of dysphagic patients allows identifying and quantifying improvements in care processes, bringing direct benefits to patients, assisting in the characterization of the population served, optimizing and improving processes and results, aiming at improving the quality of services, as well as reducing length of stay and hospital costs.
Objetivo: describir la logopedia hospitalaria en pacientes con cáncer de disfagia. Métodos: Estudio transversal, retrospectivo, descriptivo, cuantitativo, desarrollado en un hospital de oncología. La muestra consistió en registros médicos de pacientes con cáncer que se sometieron a terapia del habla por disfagia. Se aplicaron indicadores de disfagia a la terapia del habla y se comparó la escala de ingesta de alimentos orales (FOIS) antes y después de la terapia del habla. Resultados: La muestra tenía 400 registros médicos, 189 se incluyeron en el GA (grupo de pacientes ambulatorios) y 211 en el IG (grupo de hospitalización). La edad media general de la muestra corresponde a 60,35 ± 12,63, con predominio de hombres 263 (65,8%). En cuanto a las neoplasias presentadas por los pacientes: 247 cabeza y cuello y 43 esófago y estómago. En GA 143 (75.7%) los pacientes mejoraron la escala FOIS después de la terapia, 33 pacientes (17.5%) mantuvieron el mismo nivel y 13 pacientes (6.9%) presentaron empeoramiento en FOIS después del proceso terapéutico. En GI 103 (48.8%) los pacientes mejoraron después de la terapia, 81 pacientes (38.4%) mantuvieron el mismo nivel en la escala y 27 pacientes (12.8%) presentaron empeoramiento después de la terapia del habla. Conclusión: El establecimiento de indicadores en el trabajo con el paciente con disfagia permite identificar y cuantificar las mejoras de los procesos de atención, brindando beneficios directos a los pacientes, ayudando en la caracterización de la población atendida, optimizando y mejorando los procesos y resultados, con el objetivo de mejorar la calidad de los servicios. proporcionado, así como la reducción de la estancia hospitalaria y los costos hospitalarios.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Speech Therapy , Deglutition Disorders/rehabilitation , Oncology Service, Hospital , Quality Indicators, Health Care , Deglutition Disorders/prevention & control , Cross-Sectional Studies , Retrospective Studies , Head and Neck Neoplasms/complicationsABSTRACT
Hyposalivation is a frequent complication after treatment with radiotherapy. To evaluate the efficacy of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on the hyposalivation assessed through stimulated salivary flow (SSF). In this clinical trial, 68 patients (with hyposalivation) were randomly assigned to control (n = 31) or TENS (n = 37) group. Participants in control group received habitual care, while those in TENS group received 8 sessions (20 minutes each) delivered twice a week for four weeks. The electrodes were attached over the skin covering the salivary glands. The electric pulse was adjusted at a frequency of 50 Hz, pulse width of 250 µs and as intense as tolerated. SSF was evaluated through sialometry. Self-perception of salivary flow (SPSF) and quality of life (QL) was evaluated prior to, during and at 1, 3 and 6 months after treatment. Although no changes were observed in the control group for SSF at any timepoints, TENS group showed a progressive increase in SSF from the third session until the end of the treatment. Significant improvements were also found in SPSF, especially when the SSF reached values ≥0.7 mL/minute. The most expressive results were evident at 6 months after treatment so that SSF, SPSF and QL remained significantly higher (F = 9.5, P = 0.0001; H = 143.77, P < 0.0001; χ2 = 9.162, P = 0.02, respectively). TENS was effective at improving hyposalivation. The benefits on SSF, SPSF and QL give base to a promising therapeutic strategy for patients with hyposalivation after radiotherapy treating head and neck cancer.
Subject(s)
Head and Neck Neoplasms , Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation , Xerostomia , Humans , Quality of LifeABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To verify the acute effect of electrostimulation on the salivary flow of patients with hyposalivation. METHODS: Uncontrolled clinical trial evaluating 15 patients with hyposalivation induced by radiotherapy (RT) used for head and neck cancer treatment. Mean age of the patients was 56.8 ± 6.46 years. Males outnumbered females (73%). Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) was adjusted with 50Hz of frequency and 250µs of pulse width. Intensity was adjusted over a 20-minute period according to maximum tolerance. The electrodes were attached bilaterally on the region of the salivary glands. Evaluation of the salivary flow was performed through sialometry before and immediately after application of TENS. RESULTS: The most prevalent region for RT was the oropharynx (80.0% of cases). The mean dose used in RT was 64.6 ± 7.27 Gy. After TENS, salivary flow increased significantly (p = 0.0051) from 0.05 (0.00; 0.40) mL/min to 0.10 (0.07: 0.40) mL/min. The response to TENS was directly correlated with the intensity of the tolerated electric current (r = 0.553; p = 0.032) and the dose used in RT (r = -0.514; p = 0.050). CONCLUSION: TENS was able to increase the salivary flow rate of patients with RT-induced hyposalivation.
OBJETIVO: Verificar o efeito agudo da eletroestimulação sobre o fluxo salivar de pacientes com hipossalivação. MÉTODO: Ensaio clínico não controlado que avaliou o efeito de uma única aplicação da Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation (TENS) sobre o fluxo salivar de 15 pacientes com hipossalivação induzida por radioterapia (RT), utilizada no tratamento de câncer de cabeça e pescoço. A média de idade dos pacientes foi de 56,8 ± 6,46 anos e o gênero masculino foi predominante (73%). A TENS foi programada com 50Hz de frequência, 250µs de largura de pulso e a intensidade foi ajustada ao longo dos 20 minutos conforme máxima tolerância. Os eletrodos foram fixados bilateralmente sobre a região das glândulas salivares. A avaliação do fluxo salivar foi realizada por meio de sialometria estimulada, antes e imediatamente após a aplicação da TENS. RESULTADOS: Em 80% dos casos, o tratamento oncológico incluiu quimioterapia. A RT foi aplicada em 80% dos casos na região e orofaringe, com intensidade média de 64,6 ± 7,27 Gy. Após a TENS, o fluxo salivar aumentou significativamente (p = 0,0051), passando de 0,05 (0,00; 0,40) mL/min para 0,10 (0,07;0,40) mL/min. A resposta à TENS foi diretamente correlacionada à intensidade da corrente elétrica tolerada (r = 0,553; p = 0,032) e à dose utilizada na RT (r = -0,514; p = 0,050). CONCLUSÃO: A TENS aumentou significativamente o fluxo salivar de pacientes com hipossalivação induzida pela RT.