Role of Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) in treating and diagnosing microbial infections.

This review article highlights the innovative role of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) in addressing global healthcare challenges related to microbial infections. MOFs, comprised of metal nodes and organic ligands, offer unique properties that can be applied in the treatment and diagnosis of these infections. Traditional methods, such as antibiotics and conventional diagnostics, face issues such as antibiotic resistance and diagnostic limitations. MOFs, with their highly porous and customizable structure, can encapsulate and deliver therapeutic or diagnostic molecules precisely. Their large surface area and customizable pore structures allow for sensitive detection and selective recognition of microbial pathogens. They also show potential in delivering therapeutic agents to infection sites, enabling controlled release and possible synergistic effects. However, challenges like optimizing synthesis techniques, enhancing stability, and developing targeted delivery systems remain. Regulatory and safety considerations for clinical translation also need to be addressed. This review not only explores the potential of MOFs in treating and diagnosing microbial infections but also emphasizes their unique approach and discusses existing challenges and future directions.

New ecofriendly heterogeneous nano-catalyst for the synthesis of 1-substituted and 5-substituted 1H-tetrazole derivatives.

A novel ecofriendly heterogeneous catalyst containing Schiff base coordinated Cu(II) covalently attached to Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles through imidazolium linker [Fe3O4@SiO2-Im(Br)-SB-Cu (II)] was synthesized and characterized by using various techniques. The catalytic efficiency of this nano-catalyst was tested in water in the synthesis of tetrazole derivatives using two one-pot multicomponent reaction (MCR) models: The synthesis of 1-aryl 1H-tetrazole derivatives from the reaction of aniline, triethyl orthoformate, and sodium azide and the synthesis of 5-aryl 1H-tetrazole derivatives from the reaction of benzaldehyde, hydroxy amine hydrochloride, and sodium azide. The investigation showed that (i) The catalyst is highly efficient in the synthesis of tetrazole derivatives with high yield (97%) in aqueous medium and mild temperatures; (ii) The catalytic effectiveness is due to the synergy between the metallic center and the imidazolium ion and (iii) The reuse advantage of the catalyst without contamination or significant loss (12% of loss range) in the catalytic activity.