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1.
GE Port J Gastroenterol ; 27(4): 237-243, 2020 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32775545

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The Dieulafoy lesion (DL) is a rare cause of gastrointestinal bleeding. Advances in the endoscopy field have allowed an increased rate of detection and therapeutic efficacy. However, doubts remain about the most effective hemostatic approach, the affecting variables of therapeutic failure, and early relapse, as well as in the long-term follow-up. AIMS: To assess the efficacy of endoscopic treatment of DL and to identify possible risk factors for early relapse and long-term results. METHODS: All patients with DL admitted to a tertiary hospital between 01/01/2007 and 12/31/2018 were evaluated. The form of presentation, associated pathologies, chronic medication, therapeutic approach, and eventual relapse were determined. A telephone interview was conducted for all patients to find out the long-term results. RESULTS: We identified 73 patients with DL, 45 (61.6%) males, with a mean age of 74 ± 15 years. Thirty-nine patients presented the DL in the stomach, 15 in the duodenum, 2 in the small bowel, 3 in the colon, and 11 in the rectum. The median number of endoscopic examinations required for diagnosis was 2. Median Rockall was 4 (range 2-7). After endoscopic treatment, in 95% of the cases, no active bleeding was evident. Only 2 patients required interventional radiology procedures and 1 needed surgery. Fourteen patients (19%) had a rebleeding, 12 during hospitalization and 2 after a median time of 51 months (range 1-117). There was no difference between the groups with and without early relapse in relation to age, gender, hemoglobin values at presentation, presence of shock, associated pathologies, and anticoagulation. Antiplatelet agents intake had a statistically significant relationship with early relapse (p = 0.003). CONCLUSION: Endoscopic therapy is safe and effective in DL. Patients under antiplatelet therapy are more likely to have an early relapse. The long-term prognosis is excellent, even in patients only treated with endoscopic methods.


INTRODUÇÃO: A lesão de Dieulafoy (LD) é uma causa pouco frequente de hemorragia digestiva. Os avanços na endoscopia permitiram um aumento na taxa de deteção e na eficácia terapêutica, contudo, permanecem dúvidas na abordagem hemostática mais eficaz, nas causas de falência terapêutica e de recidiva precoce, assim como no follow up a longo prazo. OBJECTIVOS: Avaliar a eficácia do tratamento endoscópico para a LD, identificar eventuais factores de risco para a recidiva precoce e os resultados a longo prazo. Métodos: Avaliaram-se todos os pacientes com LD, admitidos num hospital terciário, entre 01/01/2007 e 31/12/2018. Determinou-se a forma de apresentação, patologias associadas, medicação habitual, abordagem terapêutica e eventual recidiva. Uma entrevista telefónica foi realizada a todos os doentes para averiguar os resultados a longo prazo. RESULTADOS: Identificaramse 73 doentes com LD, 45 (61.6%) do sexo masculino, idade média no diagnóstico 74 ± 15 anos. Trinta e nove apresentavam a LD no estômago, 15 no duodeno, dois no delgado, três no cólon e 11 no recto. Foram necessarios um número mediano de 2 exames endoscópicos para diagnóstico. O Rockall médio, na hemorragia digestiva alta, foi de 4 (range 2­7). Em 95% dos casos não se verificou hemorragia activa após tratamento endoscópico. Apenas dois doentes necessitaram de radiologia de intervenção e um de cirurgia. 14 doentes (19%) apresentaram recidiva, 12 durante o internamento e dois num periodo de follow up mediano de 51 meses (range 1­117). Não houve diferença entre os grupos com e sem recidiva precoce em relação á idade, género, valores de hemoglobina á apresentação, presença de choque, patologias associadas e anticoagulação. A toma de antiagregantes teve uma relação estatisticamente significativa com a recidiva precoce (p = 0.003). CONCLUSÃO: A terapêutica endoscópica é segura e eficaz na LD. Pacientes antiagregados têm maior propabilidade de recidiva precoce. O prognóstico a longo prazo é excelente, mesmo nos pacientes apenas tratados por métodos endoscópicos.

2.
Gastrointest Endosc ; 91(3): 584-592, 2020 03.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31629720

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Right aberrant hepatic ducts are an anatomic variant with clinical relevance because of the risk of injury during cholecystectomy. Treatment options for aberrant hepatic duct injuries are not standardized. This study aims to analyze the long-term results of endoscopic treatment of aberrant hepatic duct lesions. METHODS: Patients who underwent ERCP for aberrant hepatic duct lesions were retrospectively identified. Demographic data, type of aberrant duct lesion according to the Strasberg classification, type of treatment (number of plastic stents inserted, treatment duration, and number of ERCPs), and adverse events were recorded. Follow-up was obtained by telephone contact or medical examinations. RESULTS: Between January 1996 and March 2019, 32 patients (78% women, mean age 51.7 years) with aberrant hepatic duct injuries underwent ERCP at our Endoscopy Unit. Six patients had Strasberg type B lesions, 11 patients had type C, and 8 patients had type E5, and 7 patients had a stenosis of the aberrant duct. A mean of 3.7 biliary plastic stents per patient were used; mean treatment duration was 6.3 months. All patients with isolated aberrant duct stenosis and 1 of 6 patients (17%) with type B Strasberg lesions achieved patency. Ten of 11 patients (91%) with type C Strasberg lesions achieved duct recanalization. After a mean follow-up of 109.3 ± 61.2 months, 29 of 32 patients (91%) were asymptomatic; 1 underwent surgery for recurrent cholangitis, 1 received a new endoscopic procedure because of cholangitis, and 1 reported episodic biliary colic without an increase in liver function test values and was successfully managed with a low-fat diet. CONCLUSIONS: An endoscopic approach to aberrant hepatic duct lesions after cholecystectomy can be considered an effective first-line therapy.


Subject(s)
Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic , Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde , Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic , Adult , Aged , Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic/abnormalities , Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic/diagnostic imaging , Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic/injuries , Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic/surgery , Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde/methods , Cholangiopancreatography, Magnetic Resonance , Cholecystectomy/adverse effects , Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic/adverse effects , Endoscopy, Digestive System , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Hepatic Duct, Common/abnormalities , Hepatic Duct, Common/diagnostic imaging , Hepatic Duct, Common/injuries , Hepatic Duct, Common/surgery , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Stents , Treatment Outcome
3.
GE Port J Gastroenterol ; 25(5): 230-235, 2018 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30320161

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The diagnostic acuity of colonoscopy requires a careful evaluation of the colonic mucosa, so an adequate bowel cleansing is a key element of the procedure. It is internationally recommended that an evaluation of the quality of the intestinal preparation should be included in the colonoscopy report. The Boston Bowel Preparation Scale (BBPS) is a bowel cleanliness rating scale that has gained some preponderance in this context. However, its application implies some degree of subjective appreciation, and it is important to conduct interobserver reproducibility studies in different contexts. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the reliability of the BBPS in the Portuguese gastroenterological community. METHODS: A prospective study involving Portuguese gastroenterologists with clinical practice in several contexts, and using different methods of evaluation of the intestinal preparation. Participants were invited to answer a questionnaire encompassing 93 static images and 12 video segments of colonoscopy examinations, with different levels of intestinal preparation. For each item, the participant gastroenterologist assigned a score of 0-3, according to the BBPS criteria. A statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 20.0 software, using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). RESULTS: From 45 invited gastroenterologists, 36 replied (mean age 39 ± 9 years). Fifteen (41%) had more than 10 years of colonoscopy experience and 20 (56%) performed more than 40 examinations per month. Twenty-seven (77%) usually used the BBPS in their daily practice. Statistical analysis revealed a strong interobserver correlation (ICC = 0.783) in the application of the BBPS, even in those gastroenterologists who did not use the scale in their daily routine (ICC = 0.775) and those with less years of experience (ICC = 0.820). The correlation in the videos was slightly lower than that observed in the static images (ICC = 0.74 vs. ICC = 0.78). CONCLUSION: The application of the BBPS in the Portuguese gastroenterology community is reproducible and can represent a way to harmonize the colonoscopy reports, contributing to its correct interpretation and subsequent patient orientation.


INTRODUÇÃO: A acuidade diagnóstica da colonoscopia exige uma visualização cuidadosa da mucosa, pelo que uma adequada preparação intestinal é um dos elementos chave para otimização do exame. É internacionalmente recomendado que a avaliação da qualidade da preparação intestinal seja incluída no relatório da colonoscopia. A escala de preparação intestinal de Boston (BBPS) tem ganho alguma preponderância neste contexto, mas a sua determinação inclui uma apreciação algo subjetiva, sendo importante realizar estudos de reprodutibilidade interobservador em diferentes contextos. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar esta mesma reprodutibilidade na comunidade gastrenterológica portuguesa. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospetivo envolvendo Gastrenterologistas portugueses de diferentes faixas etárias e com prática clínica em diferentes contextos Os Gastrenterologistas foram convidados, de forma aleatória, para avaliar, online, 93 imagens estáticas e 12 vídeos de segmentos intestinais, com diferentes níveis de preparação. Para cada uma destas imagens/vídeos o participante atribuía uma pontuação de 0 a 3, segundo os critérios da BBPS. A análise estatística foi realizada com o software SPSS 20.0, utilizando o coeficiente de correlação intraclasses (ICC). RESULTADOS: Dos 45 Gastrenterologistas convidados, 36 (Média etária − 39 ± 9 anos) aceitaram participar (taxa de resposta de 80%). Quinze (41%) tinham mais de 10 anos de experiência em colonoscopia e 20 (56%) realizavam mais de 40 exames por mês. Recorriam a diferentes métodos de avaliação da preparação intestinal (27 (77%) utilizavam habitualmente a BBPS). A análise estatística revelou uma correlação interobservador forte (ICC = 0.783) na aplicação da BBPS, mesmo nos Gastrenterologistas que não utilizavam a escala no seu dia-a-dia (ICC = 0.775) e nos com menos anos de experiência (ICC = 0.820). A correlação nos vídeos foi ligeiramente inferior à observada nas imagens estáticas (ICC = 0.74 vs. ICC = 0.78). Conclusão: A aplicação da BBPS na comunidade gastrenterológica portuguesa revela-se reprodutível, podendo representar uma forma de harmonizar os relatórios, contribuindo assim para a sua correta interpretação e posterior orientação dos doentes.

4.
GE Port J Gastroenterol ; 25(2): 74-79, 2018 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29662931

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic disease but its progressive character, with structural damage, is insufficiently studied. OBJECTIVES: To analyze a group of patients without referral bias, regarding its clinical course, the morphological damage, and functional status. METHODS: We evaluated UC patients diagnosed between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2004, living in the direct referral area of the hospital and determined the medication use, colectomy rate, structural damage ("lead pipe," stenosis, pseudopolyps, fibrous bridges), and anorectal function (prospective evaluation with the Cleveland Clinic Incontinence Score [CCIS] and the Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life Scale). RESULTS: We identified 104 patients, 47% female, with a mean age at diagnosis of 38 ± 17 years, 24% with proctitis, 57% with left colitis, and 19% with pancolitis. In 3 patients, it was not possible to obtain follow-up data. Of the studied patients, 56% needed corticosteroid therapy, 38% immunosuppressants, and 16% anti-tumor necrosis factors (anti-TNFs). After a mean follow-up of 13 ± 2 years, we found structural damage in 25 patients (24%): 5% with proctocolectomy, 15% with "lead pipe," 16% with pseudopolyps, and 3% with stenosis and fibrous bridges. Reference to functional anorectal disorders was identified in 49%, mostly previous and self-limited episodes of incontinence, but including persistent incontinence in 10% (CCIS 8 ± 4.8). There was an increased incidence of structural damage and anorectal dysfunction in patients who needed corticosteroid therapy (p = 0.001), immunosuppressants (p < 0.001), and anti-TNFs (p = 0.002) and an association of structural damage with anorectal dysfunction (p < 0.001). There was no association between age and anorectal dysfunction, including incontinence episodes. CONCLUSIONS: UC is a disease with structural and functional consequences in a significant subset of patients. This should be incorporated when defining the therapeutic strategy.


INTRODUÇÃO: A colite ulcerosa (CU) é uma doença crónica mas o seu carácter progressivo, com danos estruturais, encontra-se insuficientemente estudado. OBJETIVOS: Analisar um grupo de doentes, sem viés de referenciação, quanto ao percurso clínico, aos danos morfológicos e ao estado funcional. MÉTODOS: Avaliaram-se os doentes com diagnóstico de CU estabelecido entre 01-01-2000 e 31-12-2004, com residência na área de referenciação directa do hospital, tendo-se determinado a medicação usada, a taxa de colectomia, os danos estruturais ("cano de chumbo", estenoses, pseudopolipos, pontes fibrosas) ou funcionais ano-rectais (avaliação prospectiva com Cleaveland Clinic Incontinence Score, CCIS e Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life, FIQL). RESULTADOS: Identificaram-se 104 doentes, 47% do sexo feminino, idade média no diagnóstico de 38 ± 17 anos, proctite 24%, colite esquerda 57%, pancolite 19%. Em 3 doentes não foi possível obter dados de seguimento. Dos doentes estudados 56% tiveram necessidade de corticoterapia, 38% de imunossupressores e 16% de anti-TNFs. Após um seguimento médio de 13 ± 2 anos, encontraram-se danos estruturais em 25 doentes (24%), protocolectomia em 5%, "cano de chumbo" 15%, pseudopolipos 16% e estenoses e pontes fibrosas 3%. Verificamos referência a disfunção ano-rectal em 49% (maioritariamente episódios prévios e autolimitados de incontinência) mas incluindo incontinência persistente em 10% (CCIS 8 ± 4.8). Verificou-se uma incidência aumentada de danos estruturais e disfunção ano-rectal nos doentes com necessidade de corticoides (p = 0.001), imunossupressores (p < 0.001) e anti-TNF (p = 0.002) e uma relação entre os danos estruturais e a disfunção ano-rectal (p < 0.001). Não existiu associação entre a idade e a disfunção ano-rectal, incluindo episódios de incontinência. CONCLUSÕES: A CU é uma doença com consequências estruturais e funcionais num subgrupo significativo de doentes. Este facto deve ser integrado na definição da estratégia terapêutica.© 2017 Sociedade Portuguesa de Gastrenterologia Publicado por S. Karger AG, Basel.

7.
GE Port J Gastroenterol ; 22(1): 19-23, 2015.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28868364

ABSTRACT

Actinomycosis is a rare disorder caused by an anaerobic gram-positive bacillus (Actinomyces), predominantly by the Actinomyces israelii species. Only 20% of cases show an abdominal manifestation, the appendix and ileocecal valve being the most frequent locations. Definitive diagnosis is based on microbiological cultures, microscopy or macroscopy examination. Nevertheless, histological examination of the percutaneous biopsy and blood microbiological cultures are rarely positives. Preoperative diagnosis is hampered by the lack of specific clinical and imaging manifestations, which often mimic malignancy. The rate of preoperative diagnosis is less than 10%, however, the outcome is excellent, with a low mortality rate. The authors describe the case of a patient who was diagnosed with primary hepatic actinomycosis only by a histological examination of the surgical specimen of left hepatectomy extended to segments V and VIII, for suspected malignant lesion. This case demonstrates the difficulties in diagnosing hepatic actinomycosis.


A actinomicose é uma entidade clínica rara, causada por uma bactéria anaeróbia gram-positiva (Actinomyces), predominantemente da espécie Actinomyces israelii. Apenas em 20% dos casos apresenta manifestação abdominal, sendo o apêndice e a válvula ileocecal as localizações mais frequentes. Os autores descrevem o caso de um doente em que foi feito o diagnóstico de actinomicose hepática primária apenas pelo exame histológico da peça cirúrgica de hepatectomia esquerda alargada aos segmentos V e VIII, por suspeita de lesão maligna. Este caso demonstra a dificuldade diagnóstica da actinomicose hepática. O diagnóstico pré-operatório é dificultado pela falta de manifestações clínicas e imagiológicas específicas, muitas vezes simulando doença maligna. Para além disso, as culturas e o exame histológico de biópsia percutânea raramente são positivos. A taxa de diagnóstico pré-operatório é inferior a 10%, contudo o prognóstico é bom, apresentando uma taxa de mortalidade de cerca de 7,6%.

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