The concern about main crises such as the Covid-19 pandemic, the war in Ukraine, and climate change's impact on energy-saving behavior.

The number of crises experienced around the world forces people to reconsider and reassess various aspects of their lives. The energy crisis caused by the war in Ukraine and uncontrolled climate change revealed the importance of energy-saving behavior. Thus, the aim of this paper is to analyze the concerns about current crises such as the Covid-19 pandemic, the war in Ukraine, and climate change's impact on energy-saving behavior and changes in environmental concern. Referring to the survey conducted in Lithuania in 2022, where 1000 respondents participated, the results revealed that the war in Ukraine was the most concerning problem. The level of climate change concern was slightly lower. Meanwhile, the Covid-19 pandemic was the least important problem in Lithuania in 2022. Furthermore, respondents stated that the Covid-19 pandemic contributed to the changes in environmental concern and energy-saving actions more than the war in Ukraine did. Meanwhile, the Generalized Linear Model results revealed that only the war in Ukraine positively and significantly influenced energy-saving behavior. The Covid-19 pandemic concern negatively affected energy-saving behavior, while the climate change concern factor affected it indirectly, as the interaction of attitudes toward energy consumption. Thus, this study revealed the main aspect of and how to encourage energy-saving behavior in the context of the main current crises.

The Covid-19 pandemic in context of climate change perception and resource-saving behavior in the European Union countries.

The resource-saving behavior in the recent period is escalating particularly due to the energy and prices crises in all of the European Union (EU). The COVID-19 pandemic not only caused changes in health concerns but also in environmental awareness and behavior. Thus, this paper aims to reveal whether the COVID-19 pandemic contributed to the resource-saving behavior, and how this pandemic changed the climate change perception and personal responsibility in the EU countries. Referring to two surveys conducted in all EU countries in 2019 and 2021, the results revealed that the level of climate change perception during this period significantly decreased in all EU. Meanwhile, the level of responsibility placed on the government to solve the climate change problem increased the most. A level of the personal responsibility increased negligibly. Considering resource-saving behaviors, only the lesser usage of disposable items from 2019 to 2021 increased statistically significantly. The results of an analysis of the main determinants of resource-saving behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic period revealed that personal responsibility and the climate change solution's benefit for health positively and significantly determined all the analyzed actions. The climate change perception and climate change solution's benefit for the economy statistically significantly influenced waste reduction, the purchase of efficient appliances, and the usage of pro-environmental transportation mode instead of personal cars. Health benefits instead of the economic benefits statistically significantly contributed to the resource-saving behaviors, except for actions that require more monetary investments. The satisfaction with the COVID-19 pandemic management had an insignificant negative impact on all resource-saving actions. Thus, the tools assigned to manage this pandemic did not motivate people to save natural resources.

The impact of informational, social, convenience and financial tools on waste sorting behavior: Assumptions and reflections of the real situation.

Waste sorting behavior is an important factor in reducing raw material usage through recycling programs and seeking circular economy implementation. Despite huge efforts to promote sorting behavior, in Lithuania 6 percent do not sort waste at all. The main tools which can promote this behavior are informational, social, convenience and financial. However, to the best of our knowledge, no research has analyzed the impact of all these tools on sorting behavior: this analysis revealed which tools were the most effective and to which policymakers should pay the most attention. Furthermore, we analyzed whether the identified tools really contribute to waste sorting behavior, including statements about the current situation in the model. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to investigate the impact of informational, social, convenience and financial tools - and the real situation - on waste sorting behavior. Referring to a representative survey conducted in Lithuania, the results showed that, according to respondents, only informational and financial tools had significant impact on waste sorting behavior, which was insignificantly affected by social and convenience tools. Considering the real situation, the current situation of convenience and social tools significantly influenced waste sorting behavior. Meanwhile, the current level of the informational aspect negatively and insignificantly determined waste sorting behavior. Therefore, this study provided practical insights for policymakers into which tools contribute to waste sorting behavior, and how to promote it effectively.