Switching to Vortioxetine in Patients with Poorly Tolerated Antidepressant-Related Sexual Dysfunction in Clinical Practice: A 3-Month Prospective Real-Life Study.

Treatment-emergent sexual dysfunction (TESD) is one of the most frequent and persistent adverse effects of antidepressant medication. Sexual dysfunction (SD) secondary to SSRIs occurs in >60% of sexually active patients and >80% of healthy volunteers, with this causing treatment discontinuation in >35% of patients. However, this factor is rarely addressed in routine examinations, and only 15-30% of these events are spontaneously reported. A strategy of switching to a different non-serotonergic antidepressant could involve a risk of relapse or clinical worsening due to a lack of serotonergic activity. Vortioxetine appears to have less impact on sexual function due to its multimodal mechanism of action. No studies have been published on the effectiveness of switching to vortioxetine in patients with poorly tolerated long-term antidepressant-related SD in naturalistic settings. STUDY OBJECTIVES: To determine the effectiveness of switching to vortioxetine due to SD in a routine clinical practice setting. METHODOLOGY: observational pragmatic and naturalistic study to determine the effectiveness of the switch to vortioxetine (mean dosage 13.11 ± 4.03) in 74 patients aged 43.1 ± 12.65 (54% males) at risk of discontinuing treatment due to sexual dysfunction. The PRSexDQ*- SALSEX scale (* Psychotropic-Related Sexual Dysfunction Questionnaire) was applied at two moments: baseline visit and after 3 months of follow-up. RESULTS: global Sexual Dysfunction (SD) measured with the SALSEX scale decreased significantly between the baseline visit (10.32; SD 2.73) and the follow-up visit (3.78; SD 3.68), p < 0.001. There was a significant improvement (p < 0.001) at the endpoint including decreased libido, delay of orgasm, anorgasmia and arousal difficulties in both sexes. After switching to vortioxetine, 83.81% of patients experienced an improvement in sexual function (43.2% felt greatly improved). Most patients (83.3%) who switched to vortioxetine continued treatment after the follow-up visit. A total of 58.1% of patients showed an improvement in depressive symptoms from the baseline visit. CONCLUSION: switching to vortioxetine is an effective and reliable strategy to treat patients with poorly tolerated previous antidepressant-related sexual dysfunction in real-life clinical settings.

Liquid biopsy in the management of advanced lung cancer: Implementation and practical aspects.

Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a major cause of cancer-related death worldwide. In recent years, the discovery of actionable molecular alterations has changed the treatment paradigm of the disease. Tissue biopsies have been the gold standard for the identification of targetable alterations but present several limitations, calling for alternatives to detect driver and acquired resistance alterations. Liquid biopsies reveal great potential in this setting and also in the evaluation and monitoring of treatment response. However, several challenges currently hamper its widespread adoption in clinical practice. This perspective article evaluates the potential and challenges associated with liquid biopsy testing, considering a Portuguese expert panel dedicated to thoracic oncology point of view, and providing practical insights for its implementation based on the experience and applicability in the Portuguese context.

Case report: Varicella associated neuropsychiatric syndrome (VANS) in two pediatric cases.

Background: Viral or bacterial infections can trigger auto-immune inflammatory reactions and conditions in children. Self-reactivity arises due to similarities in molecular structures between pathogenic microorganisms and regular body structures with consequent immune-cross reactions. Reactivation of latent Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) infections can cause neurological sequalae, including cerebellitis, post-herpetic neuralgias, meningo/encephalitis, vasculopathy and myelopathy. We propose a syndrome caused by auto-immune reactivity triggered by molecular mimicry between VZV and the brain, culminating in a post-infectious psychiatric syndrome with childhood VZV infections. Case presentation: Two individuals, a 6-year-old male and 10-year-old female developed a neuro-psychiatric syndrome 3-6 weeks following a confirmed VZV infection with intrathecal oligoclonal bands. The 6-year-old male presented with a myasthenic syndrome, behavior deterioration and regression in school, he was poorly responsive to IVIG and risperidone, however had a pronounced response to steroid treatment. The 10-year-old female presented with marked insomnia, agitation, and behavioral regression as well as mild bradykinesia. A trial of neuroleptics and sedatives resulted in a mild unsustained reduction in psychomotor agitation and IVIG was also unsuccessful, however the patient was very responsive to steroid therapy. Conclusion: Psychiatric syndromes with evidence of intrathecal inflammation temporally related to VZV infections that are responsive to immune modulation have not been described before. Here we report two cases demonstrating neuro-psychiatric symptoms following VZV infection, with evidence of persistent CNS inflammation following the resolution of infection, and response to immune modulation.

Diagnostic yield of next-generation sequencing applied to neurological disorders.

The exponential knowledge on the genetic etiology and the trend towards genetically-specific therapies for previously untreatable disorders, requires neurologists to be familiar with the strengths and weaknesses of Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS). Our aim was to assess the diagnostic yield of NGS studies in clinical practice in our setting. We performed a retrospective, cross-sectional, 18 months long study, from a single Portuguese center, of consecutive neurological patients for whom a NGS study was requested. A diagnosis rate (DR) of 33.2% was achieved for a total of 190 patients (89 children). It was higher for muscle diseases (DR 61.1%). In 20%, an inconclusive molecular diagnosis was obtained. The rate of incidental findings (IF) was 5.3%. We found better DR for clinical exome (52.6%, p < 0.05) although only 14% of patients were characterized using this approach. The performance of gene panels for muscle diseases was better but not statistically significant (DR 56.3% vs. 31.7% overall, p > 0.05). The reduced number of patients in several phenotypic groups limits the interpretation of specific diagnostic yields. The better yield of gene panels for muscle diseases suggests that gene panels may be a more cost-effective first-line test in well-defined phenotypes. For heterogeneous phenotypes and overall, WES-based virtual panels or clinical exome should be favored. We present daily practice evidence that, with the constraints of our health system, for one third of the patients with neurological disorders of undetermined etiology a definitive diagnosis can be reached with NGS.

Neuroimaging and clinical outcomes of oral anticoagulant-associated intracerebral hemorrhage.

OBJECTIVE: Whether intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) associated with non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOAC-ICH) has a better outcome compared to ICH associated with vitamin K antagonists (VKA-ICH) is uncertain. METHODS: We performed a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis of cohort studies comparing clinical and radiological outcomes between NOAC-ICH and VKA-ICH patients. The primary outcome measure was 30-day all-cause mortality. All outcomes were assessed in multivariate regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, ICH location, and intraventricular hemorrhage extension. RESULTS: We included 7 eligible studies comprising 219 NOAC-ICH and 831 VKA-ICH patients (mean age = 77 years, 52.5% females). The 30-day mortality was similar between NOAC-ICH and VKA-ICH (24.3% vs 26.5%; hazard ratio = 0.94, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.67-1.31). However, in multivariate analyses adjusting for potential confounders, NOAC-ICH was associated with lower admission National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score (linear regression coefficient = -2.83, 95% CI = -5.28 to -0.38), lower likelihood of severe stroke (NIHSS > 10 points) on admission (odds ratio [OR] = 0.50, 95% CI = 0.30-0.84), and smaller baseline hematoma volume (linear regression coefficient = -0.24, 95% CI = -0.47 to -0.16). The two groups did not differ in the likelihood of baseline hematoma volume < 30cm3 (OR = 1.14, 95% CI = 0.81-1.62), hematoma expansion (OR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.63-1.48), in-hospital mortality (OR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.49-1.11), functional status at discharge (common OR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.57-1.07), or functional status at 3 months (common OR = 1.03, 95% CI = 0.75-1.43). INTERPRETATION: Although functional outcome at discharge, 1 month, or 3 months was comparable after NOAC-ICH and VKA-ICH, patients with NOAC-ICH had smaller baseline hematoma volumes and less severe acute stroke syndromes. Ann Neurol 2018;84:702-712.

Portuguese Observational Study of Ischaemic Stroke in Patients Medicated with Non-Vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants.

INTRODUCTION: Clinical trials and subsequent meta-analyses showed advantages of non-vitamin K antagonists oral anticoagulants (NOACs) over vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation. The impact of preadmission anticoagulation in acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) has not been established. OBJECTIVE: To compare functional outcome of patients with AIS with preadmission NOACs vs. VKAs. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on consecutive AIS patients under oral anticoagulation (VKAs or NOACs) admitted in 4 Portuguese hospitals within a period of 30 months. Two primary outcomes were defined and compared between VKA and NOAC groups: symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage transformation (sICH) and modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 3 months. RESULTS: Four hundred sixty-nine patients were included, of whom 332 (70.8%) were treated with VKA and 137 (29.2%) with NOAC. Patients' median age was 78.0 and 234 (49.9%) were male. NOAC-treated patients had a higher median CHA2DS2-VASc score than those under VKA (5.0 vs. 4.0, p = 0.023). The two primary outcomes showed no statistical differences between the VKAs' group and the NOACs' group (sICH: 5.4 vs. 5.4% [p = 0.911]; mRS at 3 months: 3.0 vs. 3.0 [p = 0.646], respectively). CONCLUSION: Preadmission anticoagulation with NOACs in AIS has a functional impact similar to that of VKAs.

Behavior Changes and Gait Unsteadiness: The Value of Imaging and Prompt Neurosurgical Intervention.

Cavernous angiomas are central nervous system malformations. Most common manifestations are seizures and acute focal neurological deficits. We present a case report of a seventy-one year-old man with a two-month history of behavior changes, attention deficit and indifference followed by gait unsteadiness. Neuropsychological evaluation showed severe cognitive impairment and executive dysfunction. Head computed tomography depicted a supraventricular hydrocephaly. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a small hemorrhage, contiguous to a mesencephalic cavernous angioma, obstructing the Sylvius aqueduct, causing secondary hydrocephalus. Four months after endoscopic ventriculocisternostomy, neuropsychological evaluation showed improvement and the patient regained autonomy. Parenchyma cavernous angiomas causing direct hemorrhage and subsequent obstruction of the Sylvian aqueduct are uncommon. Sub-acute behavior and mental state abnormalities are rare first manifestations of cavernous angioma and requires high clinical suspicion for its correct diagnosis. Magnetic resonance imaging evaluation is crucial in the detection of such patients as prompt neurosurgical intervention may substantially improve cognitive function.

Os angiomas cavernosos são malformações do sistema nervoso central cujas manifestações mais comuns são crises epiléticas e défices neurológicos agudos. Apresentamos o caso clínico de um doente de 71 anos com uma história com dois meses de evolução de alteração do comportamento, défice de atenção e apatia, sucedidas por marcada instabilidade da marcha. A avaliação neuropsicológica revelava alterações cognitivas e disfunção executiva marcadas. Na Tomografia Computorizada Cerebral observava-se hidrocefalia supraventricular enquanto na Ressonância Magnética cerebral era possível observar uma pequena hemorragia que obstruía o aqueduto de Sylvius localizada contiguamente a um angioma cavernoso mesencefálico. Quatro meses após o tratamento com ventriculocisternostomia endoscópica, o doente apresentava melhoria significativa na avaliação neuropsicológica tendo voltado a adquirir a autonomia prévia. A apresentação de um angioma cavernoso parenquimatoso como uma obstrução do aqueduto de Sylvius secundária a hemorragia é invulgar. Rara é também a sua apresentação como alterações do comportamento e do estado mental subagudas. Uma avaliação neuroimagiológica e uma intervenção neurocirúrgica precoces foram essenciais para a melhoria cognitiva observada.

POST-NOAC: Portuguese observational study of intracranial hemorrhage on non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants.

Background There is a lower reported incidence of intracranial hemorrhage with non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants compared with vitamin K antagonist. However, the functional outcome and mortality of intracranial hemorrhage patients were not assessed. Aims To compare the outcome of vitamin K antagonists- and non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants-related intracranial hemorrhage. Methods We included consecutive patients with acute non-traumatic intracranial hemorrhage on oral anticoagulation therapy admitted between January 2013 and June 2015 at four university hospitals. Clinical and demographic data were obtained from individual medical records. Intracranial hemorrhage was classified as intracerebral, extra-axial, or multifocal using brain computed tomography. Three-month functional outcome was assessed using the modified Rankin Scale. Results Among 246 patients included, 24 (9.8%) were anticoagulated with a non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants and 222 (90.2%) with a vitamin K antagonists. Non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants patients were older (81.5 vs. 76 years, p = 0.048) and had intracerebral hemorrhage more often (83.3% vs. 63.1%, p = 0.048). We detected a non-significant trend for larger intracerebral hemorrhage volumes in vitamin K antagonists patients ( p = 0.368). Survival analysis adjusted for age, CHA2DS2VASc, HAS-BLED, and anticoagulation reversal revealed that non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants did not influence three-month mortality (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.83, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.39-1.80, p = 0.638). Multivariable ordinal regression for three-month functional outcome did not show a significant shift of modified Rankin Scale scores in non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants patients (odds ratio (OR) 1.26, 95%CI 0.55-2.87, p = 0.585). Conclusions We detected no significant differences in the three-month outcome between non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants- and vitamin K antagonists-associated intracranial hemorrhage, despite unavailability of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants-specific reversal agents.

Leaf domatia in montane forest and Caatinga in the semiarid of Pernambuco State: Morphology and ecological implications / Domácias foliares em brejo de altitude e Caatinga no Semiárido pernambucano: morfologia e implicações ecológicas

Leaf domatia are cavity-shaped structures of different types or tufts of hairs located at the junction between ribs on the abaxial surface of the leaf blades of various families of angiosperms, serving as protection against phytophagous organisms by harboring beneficial mites, suggesting a mutualistic relationship. There is shortage of inventories of species with such structures; thus the present study examined native woody plant in two habitats of the backwoods of Pernambuco to identify the types of leaf domatia. 86 species were observed, 43 in Caatinga area, out of which five had domatia, and 43 in the montane forest, 11 species with domatia. Four types of domatia were observed: hairtufts, pocket, pit and revolute margin. There was predominance of plant species with leaf domatia in the area Carro Quebrado in Triunfo, Pernambuco State. These results corroborate the information available in the literature in which domatia are prevalent in more humid environments, and that these structures as micro-habitats influence the maintenance of diverse organisms.

Domácias foliares são estruturas em forma de cavidades de diferentes tipos ou tufos de tricomas localizados na junção entre as nervuras, na face abaxial das lâminas foliares de diversas famílias de angiospermas, servindo de defesa contra organismos fitófagos por abrigarem ácaros benéficos, sugerindo uma relação mutualística. Há escassez de inventários de espécies apresentando essas estruturas; diante disso, o presente estudo analisou plantas lenhosas nativas em dois ambientes do sertão de Pernambuco, visando identificar os tipos de domácias foliares. Foram observadas 86 espécies, 43 em área de Caatinga em as quais cinco apresentaram domácias e 43 no brejo de altitude, 11 espécies com domácias. Foram encontrados quatro tipos de domácias: tufo de pelos, bolso, cova e orla. Na área do Carro Quebrado, Triunfo, Estado do Pernambuco, as plantas com domácias foliares foram predominantes. Estes resultados corroboram as informações disponíveis na literatura de que domácias são predominantes em ambientes mais úmidos, e que essas estruturas como micro-habitats, influenciam a manutenção de diversos organismos.

Hematoma intracoronário como manifestação de dissecção espontânea de artéria coronária / Intracoronary hematoma as a manifestation of spontaneous coronary artery dissection

A dissecção espontânea de artéria coronária é um quadro de etiologia ainda não bem esclarecida. Diferentes estudos associam essa entidade a período gestacional, estresse físico, doenças do colágeno e vasculites. Em geral, os pacientes não apresentam os fatores de risco clássicos para doença arterial coronária, o que torna obrigatória a suspeita dessa afecção, especialmente em adultos jovens com síndrome coronária aguda. Neste artigo relatamos o caso de paciente do sexo feminino, de 38 anos de idade, com síndrome coronária aguda sem supradesnivelamento do segmento ST e hematoma intracoronário sem dissecção aparente, diagnosticado pelo ultrassom intracoronário, em artéria coronária direita. Não existe, até o presente momento, consenso quanto à melhor forma de tratamento nesses casos.

The etiology of spontaneous coronary artery dissection has not been well clarified. Different studies associate it to pregnancy, physical stress, collagen diseases and vasculitis. In general, patients do not have the classic risk factors for coronary artery disease, which makes mandatory the suspicion of this condition, especially in young adults with acute coronary syndromes. We report the case of a 38-year-old female with non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome and intracoronary hematoma with no apparent dissection, diagnosed by intravascular ultrasound, in the right coronary artery. There is no consensus so far on the best way to treat these cases.

Design and characterization of bi-soft segmented polyurethane microparticles for biomedical application.

Bi-soft segmented poly(ester urethane urea) microparticles were prepared and characterized aiming a biomedical application. Two different formulations were developed, using poly(propylene glycol), tolylene 2,4-diisocyanate terminated pre-polymer (TDI) and poly(propylene oxide)-based tri-isocyanated terminated pre-polymer (TI). A second soft segment was included due to poly(ɛ-caprolactone) diol (PCL). Infrared spectroscopy, used to study the polymeric structure, namely its H-bonding properties, revealed a slightly higher degree of phase separation in TDI-microparticles. TI-microparticles presented slower rate of hydrolytic degradation, and, accordingly, fairly low toxic effect against macrophages. These new formulations are good candidates as non-biodegradable biomedical systems.

Improved vanillin production in baker's yeast through in silico design.

BACKGROUND: Vanillin is one of the most widely used flavouring agents, originally obtained from cured seed pods of the vanilla orchid Vanilla planifolia. Currently vanillin is mostly produced via chemical synthesis. A de novo synthetic pathway for heterologous vanillin production from glucose has recently been implemented in baker's yeast, Saccharamyces cerevisiae. In this study we aimed at engineering this vanillin cell factory towards improved productivity and thereby at developing an attractive alternative to chemical synthesis. RESULTS: Expression of a glycosyltransferase from Arabidopsis thaliana in the vanillin producing S. cerevisiae strain served to decrease product toxicity. An in silico metabolic engineering strategy of this vanillin glucoside producing strain was designed using a set of stoichiometric modelling tools applied to the yeast genome-scale metabolic network. Two targets (PDC1 and GDH1) were selected for experimental verification resulting in four engineered strains. Three of the mutants showed up to 1.5 fold higher vanillin ß-D-glucoside yield in batch mode, while continuous culture of the Δpdc1 mutant showed a 2-fold productivity improvement. This mutant presented a 5-fold improvement in free vanillin production compared to the previous work on de novo vanillin biosynthesis in baker's yeast. CONCLUSION: Use of constraints corresponding to different physiological states was found to greatly influence the target predictions given minimization of metabolic adjustment (MOMA) as biological objective function. In vivo verification of the targets, selected based on their predicted metabolic adjustment, successfully led to overproducing strains. Overall, we propose and demonstrate a framework for in silico design and target selection for improving microbial cell factories.

Evaluation of surface water quality using an ecotoxicological approach: a case study of the Alqueva Reservoir (Portugal).

BACKGROUND, AIM, AND SCOPE: Freshwater reservoirs can be impacted by several hazardous substances through inputs from agricultural activity, sewage discharges, and groundwater leaching and runoff. The water quality assessment is very important for implementation of the monitoring and remediation programs to minimize the risk promoted by hazardous substances in aquatic ecosystems. Evaluation of the degree of contamination of aquatic environments must not take in account only its chemical characterization but it must be complemented with biological assays, which determine potential toxic effects and allows an integrated evaluation of its effects in populations and aquatic ecosystem communities. The application of this type of strategy has clear advantages allowing a general evaluation of the effects from all the water components, including those due to unknown substances and synergic, antagonistic, or additive effects. There are only a few studies that reported ecotoxicological acute end points, for the assessment of surface water quality, and the relationship among toxicity results and the anthropogenic pollution sources and the seasonal period. The aim of this study was to assess the ecotoxicological characterization of the surface water from Alqueva reservoir (South of Portugal) and to evaluate the influence of anthropogenic sources of pollution and their seasonal variation in its toxicity. The construction of Alqueva reservoir was recently finished (2002) and, to our knowledge, an ecotoxicological assessment of its surface water has not been performed. Because of that, no information is available on the possible impact of pollutants on the biota. The surface water toxicity was assessed using acute and chronic bioassays. The results are to be used for developing a monitoring program, including biological methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Water samples were collected during 2006-2007, at each of the nine sampling sites selected in Alqueva reservoir. These sampling points allow an assessment at the upstream (Sra. Ajuda, Alcarrache, Alamos-Captação), at the middle (Alqueva-Montante, Alqueva-Mourão, Lucefecit), and at the downstream of the water line (Alqueva-Jusante; Ardila-confluência; Moinho das Barcas). The campaigns occurred in February, March, May, July, September, and November of 2006 and February, March, and May of 2007. The rainy season comprised November, February, and March, and the dry season included May, July, and September. A total of 81 samples were collected during the study period. The physical-chemical parameters were analyzed following standard and recommended methods of analysis (APHA et al. 1998). The pesticide analyses were performed using gas chromatography according to DIN EN ISO 6468 (1996). Surface water ecotoxicity was evaluated using the following bioassays: Vibrio fischeri luminescence inhibition, Thamnocephalus platyurus mortality, and Daphnia magna immobilization and reproduction assay. The Spearman rank correlation coefficients were used to evaluate the associations between the water sample physicochemical properties (from each sampling station in each season) and the acute and chronic toxicological effects, with a level of significance p < 0.05. RESULTS: In the acute toxicity study, the species that was found to be the most sensitive was T. platyurus. T. platyurus detected a higher number of toxic water samples during the dry season. Concerning the luminescent inhibition of V. fischeri, the results showed that this organism detected a great number of toxic water samples in rainy seasons. The water samples, which promoted higher toxic effects towards this species, were from the north and from the middle of the reservoir. The correlation analysis showed that V. fischeri luminescent inhibition (%) was positively correlated with total phosphorus, chlorpyrifos, iron, and arsenic. T. platyurus mortality (%) was positively correlated with the water pH, 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD(5)), chlorides, atrazine, simazine, terbuthylazine, and endosulfan sulfate contents. Although the surface waters did not promote acute toxicity to the crustacean D. magna, in the chronic exposure, a significant decrease in the number of juveniles per female was observed, mainly at the dry period. The number of juveniles per female, in the reproduction test of D. magna, was negatively correlated with pH, temperature, BOD(5), chloride, atrazine, simazine, terbuthylazine, and endosulfan sulfate. The water toxicity of the Alqueva water might be due principally to the intensive agriculture activities surrounding the reservoir and to the municipal wastewater discharges. DISCUSSION: The physicochemical parameters and the pesticide concentrations indicated that the water quality was worse in the north part of the reservoir system. These results are characteristic of the majority of reservoirs, once the construction of the dam promoted, by itself, the impounding of water flow and the increase of compound residence time. The toxicity tests corroborate with the chemical characterization. Acute toxicity of Alqueva water may be a result of the effect promoted by chlorpyrifos, endosulfan sulfate, phosphorus, and iron. Chronic toxicity may be a result of the effect of herbicides, arsenic, organic matter, endosulfan sulfate in mixture. Hence, the water toxicity of the Alqueva might be due principally to the intensive agriculture activities surrounding the reservoir and to the municipal wastewater discharges. CONCLUSIONS: This study has shown that a large number of samples from different sites of the Alqueva reservoir contained potentially toxic contaminants. The sites with impaired water quality were those located at the north of the reservoir and in the surrounding areas of intensive agricultural activity. The results demonstrated that the use of a screening of acute and chronic toxicity tests with organisms from different trophic levels and with distinct sensibilities allowed the detections of several patterns of toxicity from spatial and temporal variability promoted by natural or anthropogenic sources. The chronic responses showed, especially in the dry season, that some of the species belonging to this aquatic ecosystem might be at risk. RECOMMENDATIONS AND PERSPECTIVES: The V. fischeri and T. platyurus are two species that should be used in the acute bioassays for the ecotoxicological monitoring programs of this reservoir. It is recommended that other species, such as a productive organism (algae), be included in the next study, once the water reservoir had high levels of herbicides. Ecotoxicological assessment of surface water must integrate initial screening based on acute tests followed always by chronic bioassays. The results implicitly suggest that the implementation of processes of remediation by reducing pollutant input into the reservoir and by the implementation of water treatment processes is important and necessary.

Validação da versão em português do Mini-Inventário de Fobia Social (Mini-SPIN) / Validation of the portuguese version of the Mini-Social Phobia Inventory (Mini-SPIN)

A fobia social (também conhecida como transtorno de ansiedade social) é um grave transtorno mental que traz sofrimento e incapacitação. O objetivo deste estudo foi validar para a língua portuguesa o Mini-Inventário de Fobia Social (Mini-SPIN) em uma amostra da população. Foi realizado um estudo da validade discriminativa do Mini-SPIN em uma amostra de 644 pessoas (grupo positivo para o Mini-SPIN: n = 218 e grupo controle/negativo: n = 426) de um estudo de prevalência de transtornos de ansiedade na cidade de Santo André (SP). A versão em português do Mini-SPIN (com escore de 6 pontos, sugerido na versão original em inglês) demonstrou uma sensibilidade de 95,0 por cento, especificidade de 80,3 por cento, valor preditivo positivo de 52,8 por cento, valor preditivo negativo de 98,6 por cento e taxa de classificação incorreta de 16,9 por cento. Com escores de 7 pontos, foi observado um aumento na especificidade e no valor preditivo positivo (88,6 por cento e 62,7 por cento), sendo que a sensibilidade e o valor preditivo negativo (84,8 por cento e 96,2 por cento) mantiveram-se altos. A versão em português do Mini-SPIN apresentou qualidades psicométricas satisfatórias em termos de validade discriminativa. Neste estudo, o ponto de corte igual a 7 mostrou-se mais adequado para a identificação da fobia social generalizada.

Social phobia (also known as social anxiety disorder) is a severe mental disorder that brings distress and disability. The aim of this study was validate to the Portuguese language the Mini-Social Phobia Inventory (Mini-SPIN) in a populational sample. We performed a discriminative validity study of the Mini-SPIN in a sample of 644 subjects (Mini-SPIN positive group: n = 218 and control/negative group: n = 426) of a study of anxiety disorders' prevalence in the city of Santo André-SP. The Portuguese version of the Mini-SPIN (with score of 6 points, suggested in the original English version) demonstrated a sensitivity of 95.0 percent, specificity of 80.3 percent, positive predictive value of 52.8 percent, negative predictive value of 98.6 percent and incorrect classification rate of 16.9 percent. With score of 7 points, was observed an increase in the specificity and positive predictive value (88.6 percent and 62.7 percent), while the sensitivity and negative predictive value (84.8 percent and 96.2 percent) remained high. The Portuguese version of the Mini-SPIN showed satisfactory psychometric qualities in terms of discriminative validity. In this study, the cut-off of 7, was considered to be the most suitable to screening of the generalized social phobia.

[Do Capsicum spp. trichomes influence the biological aspects of the broad mite, Polyphagotarsonemus latus Banks (Acari: Tarsonemidae)?]. / Os tricomas de Capsicum spp. interferem nos aspectos biológicos do ácaro-branco, Polyphagotarsonemus latus Banks (Acari: Tarsonemidae)?

Plant morphology traits can affect the feeding preference, oviposition choice and the vulnerability of herbivores to natural enemies. At long term, these plant variations may influence herbivore population dynamics due to the interference on their development, survival and reproduction. In this paper, the development of the broad mite Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks) was evaluated on five species of Capsicum with different density of trichomes. We tested the hypothesis that P. latus population growth has a negative relationship with the increase trichome density on leaves. It was assessed a decrease in the intrinsic growth rate (r m) of P. latus with the increase of trichome density on the leaves tested. The lower r m was measured in leaves of C. praetermissum (r m = 0.46), which has the highest trichome density among the assessed Capsicum species. The highest values of r m were observed on Capsicum species with intermediate densities of trichomes on leaves such as Capsicum frutescens (r m = 0.77) and Capsicum chinense (r m = 0.76). Capsicum spp. trichomes acted as a limiting plant trait for the development of P. latus when they were in higher densities and better distributed on the leaf surface. We also discuss the role of morphologic and chemical plant defenses on P. latus development.

[Validation of the portuguese version of the Mini-Social Phobia Inventory (Mini-SPIN)]. / Validação da versão em português do Mini-Inventário de Fobia Social (Mini-SPIN).

Social phobia (also known as social anxiety disorder) is a severe mental disorder that brings distress and disability. The aim of this study was validate to the Portuguese language the Mini-Social Phobia Inventory (Mini-SPIN) in a populational sample. We performed a discriminative validity study of the Mini-SPIN in a sample of 644 subjects (Mini-SPIN positive group: n = 218 and control/negative group: n = 426) of a study of anxiety disorders' prevalence in the city of Santo André-SP. The Portuguese version of the Mini-SPIN (with score of 6 points, suggested in the original English version) demonstrated a sensitivity of 95.0%, specificity of 80.3%, positive predictive value of 52.8%, negative predictive value of 98.6% and incorrect classification rate of 16.9%. With score of 7 points, was observed an increase in the specificity and positive predictive value (88.6% and 62.7%), while the sensitivity and negative predictive value (84.8% and 96.2%) remained high. The Portuguese version of the Mini-SPIN showed satisfactory psychometric qualities in terms of discriminative validity. In this study, the cut-off of 7, was considered to be the most suitable to screening of the generalized social phobia.