ABSTRACT
PROBLEM: Suicides are now the second leading cause of death among teenagers and young adults, 10-24. Many people who die by suicide visit a healthcare provider in the months before their death. Unfortunately, many healthcare clinicians do not routinely screen for mental health concerns such as suicide risk even though the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends screening adolescents for suicide risk. METHODS: The Ask Suicide-Screening Questions (aSQ), a four-question screening instrument, was administered by nurses to all patients, 12 years and older, admitted to the general pediatric wards of a tertiary Children's Hospital. Nursing feedback and comfort levels were assessed before and after the 6-week pilot program. FINDINGS: During the 6 weeks, 152 eligible children were admitted to the general pediatric wards and 67 were screened using the ASQ; 3/67 had a nonacute "positive" screen and received a further psychiatric assessment. CONCLUSIONS: This pilot quality improvement initiative showed that suicide screening is feasible and acceptable to patients and families in a general pediatric inpatient setting. However, nurses would benefit from further teaching and training around asking suicide screening questions.
Subject(s)
Child, Hospitalized , Hospitals, Pediatric , Inpatients , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Risk Assessment/methods , Suicide , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Quality Improvement , Young AdultABSTRACT
Suicide in inpatient psychiatric settings is a critical problem. A comprehensive literature review was performed to determine risk factors for inpatient suicide, instruments for assessing suicide, and treatment of hospitalized suicidal patients. Findings suggested that root causes of inpatient suicide were factors related to the treatment environment, failure to assess patient behavioral characteristics, and staff reliance on no-suicide contracts. Recommendations include assessing suicide risk regularly throughout hospitalization, including on admission, during changes in a patient's mental or physical status, after a change in observation level, and before discharge. Orientation and inservice education for all staff and additional research on the psychometric properties of available suicide assessment instruments are also essential.
Subject(s)
Inpatients/psychology , Nursing Assessment/organization & administration , Psychiatric Nursing/organization & administration , Risk Assessment/organization & administration , Suicide, Attempted/prevention & control , Cause of Death , Comorbidity , Health Services Needs and Demand , Hospital Mortality , Hospitals, Psychiatric , Humans , Inpatients/statistics & numerical data , Mental Disorders/mortality , Mental Disorders/nursing , Mental Disorders/psychology , Nurse's Role , Nurse-Patient Relations , Patient Care Planning , Patient Participation , Patient Selection , Psychometrics , Safety Management , Suicide, Attempted/psychology , Suicide, Attempted/statistics & numerical data , Trust , United States/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Colorectal cancer is a significant health burden. Several screening options exist that can detect colorectal cancer at an early stage, leading to a more favourable prognosis. However, despite years of knowledge on best practice, screening rates are still very low in Canada, particularly in Ontario. The present paper reports on efforts to increase the flexible sigmoidoscopy screening capacity in Ontario by training nurses to perform this traditionally physician-performed procedure. Drawing on American, British and local experience, a professional regulatory framework was established, and training curriculum and assessment criteria were developed. Training was initiated at Princess Margaret Hospital and Sunnybrook and Women's College Health Sciences Centre in Toronto, Ontario. (During the study, Sunnybrook and Women's College Health Sciences Centre was deamalgamated into two separate hospitals: Women's College Hospital and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre.) Six registered nurses participated in didactic, simulator and practical training. These nurses performed a total of 77 procedures in patients, 23 of whom had polyps detected and biopsied. Eight patients were advised to undergo colonoscopy because they had one or more neoplastic polyps. To date, six of these eight patients have undergone colonoscopy, one patient has moved out of the province and another patient is awaiting the procedure. Classifying the six patients according to the most advanced polyp histology, one patient had a negative colonoscopy (no polyps found), one patient's polyps were hyperplastic, one had a tubular adenoma, two had advanced neoplasia (tubulovillous adenomas) and one had adenocarcinoma. All these lesions were excised completely at colonoscopy. Overall, many difficulties were anticipated and addressed in the development of the training program; ultimately, the project was affected most directly by challenges in encouraging family physicians to refer patients to the program. As health human resource strategies continue to evolve, it is believed that lessons learned from experience make an important contribution to the knowledge of how nontraditional health services can be organized and delivered.
Subject(s)
Colorectal Neoplasms/diagnosis , Curriculum , Education, Nursing/organization & administration , Sigmoidoscopy/nursing , Humans , Mass Screening/nursing , Nurse's Role , Ontario , Program Development , Program Evaluation , Referral and ConsultationABSTRACT
UNLABELLED: CellML and SBML are XML-based languages for storage and exchange of molecular biological and physiological reaction models. They use very similar subsets of MathML to specify the mathematical aspects of the models. CellML2SBML is implemented as a suite of XSLT stylesheets that, when applied consecutively, convert models expressed in CellML into SBML without significant loss of information. The converter is based on the most recent stable versions of the languages (CellML version 1.1; SBML Level 2 Version 1), and the XSLT used in the stylesheets adheres to the XSLT version 1.0 specification. Of all 306 models in the CellML repository in April 2005, CellML2SBML converted 91% automatically into SBML. Minor manual changes to the unit definitions in the originals raised the percentage of successful conversions to 96%. AVAILABILITY: http://sbml.org/software/cellml2sbml/. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Instructions for use and further documentation available on http://sbml.org/software/cellml2sbml/