Productivity, efficiency and gender equity of community mobilisation approaches in trichiasis campaigns: analysis of programmatic data from seven sub-Saharan African countries.

BACKGROUND: Achieving elimination of trachoma as a public health problem in trichiasis-endemic districts requires a systematic approach to trichiasis case finding and outreach. METHODS: Programme monitoring data from seven countries for 2017-2019 were used to explore the efficiency of different community mobilisation approaches and uptake of trichiasis surgical services. RESULTS: Three countries (Ethiopia, Kenya and Mozambique) using broad-based community mobilisation strategies had large numbers of people presenting at outreach but only 2.9% of them had trichiasis, while in four countries (Nigeria, Tanzania, Uganda and Zambia) using house-to-house case finding, 37.5% of outreach attendees had trichiasis. Countries using house-to-house case finding have proportionally more women attending outreach compared with countries using broad-based mobilisation. Among trichiasis cases offered surgery 86% accepted, which was similar for men and women. CONCLUSIONS: In these settings, house-to-house case finding appears to be a more effective and efficient approach to ensure that trichiasis cases, particularly in women, obtain access to surgical services.

A survey of the prevalence of refractive errors among children in lower primary schools in Kampala district.

BACKGROUND: Refractive errors are a known cause of visual impairment and may cause blindness worldwide. In children, refractive errors may prevent those afflicted from progressing with their studies. In Uganda, like in many developing countries, there is no established vision-screening programme for children on commencement of school, such that those with early onset of such errors will have many years of poor vision. Over all, there is limited information on refractive errors among children in Africa. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of refractive errors among school children attending lower primary in Kampala district; the frequency of the various types of refractive errors, and their relationship to sexuality and ethnicity. DESIGN: A cross-sectional descriptive study. SETTING: Kampala district, Uganda PATIENTS: A total of 623 children aged between 6 and 9 years had a visual acuity testing done at school using the same protocol; of these 301 (48.3%) were boys and 322 (51.7%) girls. RESULTS: Seventy-three children had a significant refractive error of +/-0.50 or worse in one or both eyes, giving a prevalence of 11.6% and the commonest single refractive error was astigmatism, which accounted for 52% of all errors. This was followed by hypermetropia, and myopia was the least common. CONCLUSION: Significant refractive errors occur among primary school children aged 6 to 9 years at a prevalence of approximately 12%. Therefore, there is a need to have regular and simple vision testing in primary school children at least at the commencement of school so as to defect those who may suffer from these disabilities.

A Survey of the prevalence of refractive errors among children in lower primary schools in Kampala district

Refractive errors are a known cause of visual impairment and may cause blindness worldwide. In children; refractive errors may prevent those afflicted from progressing with their studies. In Uganda; like in many developing countries; there is no established vision-screening programme for children on commencement of school; such that those with early onset of such errors will have many years of poor vision. Over all; there is limited information on refractive errors among children in Africa. Objective: To determine the prevalence of refractive errors among school children attending lower primary in Kampala district; the frequency ofthe various types of refractive errors; and their relationship to sexuality and ethnicity. Design: A cross-sectional descriptive study. Setting: Kampala District; Uganda. Patients: A total of 623 children aged between 6 and 9 years had a visual acuity testing done at school using the same protocol; of these 301 (48.3) were boys and 322 (51.7) girls. Results: Seventy-three children had a significant refractive error of +-0.50 or worse in one or both eyes; giving a prevalence of 11.6and the commonest single refractive error was astigmatism which accounted for 52of all errors. This was followed by hypermetropia; and myopia was the least common. Conclusion: Significant refractive errors occur among primary school children aged 6 to 9 years at a prevalence of approaximately 12. Therefore; there is need to have regular and simple vision testing in primary school children at least at the commencement of school so as to defect those who may suffer from these disabilities