ABSTRACT
Our aim in this paper was to investigate the guidelines and laws governing informed consent in the English-speaking world. We noted a recent divergence from medical paternalism within the United Kingdom, highlighted by the Montgomery v Lanarkshire Health Board ruling of 2015. We investigated the situation in the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, and the United States of America. We read the national guidance regarding obtaining consent for surgical intervention for each country. We used the references from this guidance to identify the laws that helped inform the guidance, and reviewed the court documents for each case. There has been a trend towards a more patient-focused approach in consent in each country. Surgeons should be aware of the guidance and legal cases so that they can inform patients fully, and prevent legal problems if outdated practices are followed. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:687-92.
Subject(s)
Health Policy/legislation & jurisprudence , Informed Consent/legislation & jurisprudence , Patient-Centered Care/legislation & jurisprudence , Australia , Canada , General Surgery/legislation & jurisprudence , Guidelines as Topic , Humans , Liability, Legal , New Zealand , Physician-Patient Relations , Surgeons/legislation & jurisprudence , United Kingdom , United StatesABSTRACT
The effects of keyguard use and pelvic positioning (neutral versus posterior tilt) on typing proficiency was studied in an 8-year-old boy with athetoid and spastic cerebral palsy. Speed and accuracy were measured with the Mastertype computer software program (Zweig, 1984). The results showed that the use of a keyguard increased the subject's typing accuracy and decreased his speed. Neither neutral nor posterior pelvic positioning appeared to have a significant effect on typing speed or on accuracy.