ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: We examine the dopamine receptor supersensitivity hypothesis of puerperal psychosis, and explore puerperal changes in the functional sensitivity of this receptor system. METHOD: Dopamine receptor sensitivity was estimated using growth hormone (GH) response to apomorphine challenge following delivery in 37 control women, and 11 deliveries in 10 women at 'high risk' of puerperal psychosis (previous history of puerperal affective or non-puerperal manic psychosis). Tests were on days 4 or 5, 11 or 12 and at six weeks postpartum. RESULTS: Three women developing puerperal psychosis had subsensitive GH responsiveness on day 4. GH response to 67 challenge tests (in control and 'high risk' women) increased between days 4 or 5 and six weeks postpartum (P < 0.05). GH response at six weeks correlated with free thyroxine levels (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: These three cases do not support the stated hypothesis. Hypothalamic dopamine receptor sensitivity increases during the puerperium; thyroxine might influence this.
Subject(s)
Apomorphine , Growth Hormone/blood , Psychotic Disorders/physiopathology , Puerperal Disorders/physiopathology , Receptors, Dopamine/physiology , Adult , Biomarkers , Estradiol/blood , Female , Humans , Hypothalamus/physiopathology , Male , Pilot Projects , Pregnancy , Progesterone/blood , Prolactin/blood , Psychotic Disorders/diagnosis , Psychotic Disorders/psychology , Puerperal Disorders/diagnosis , Puerperal Disorders/psychology , Reference Values , Risk Factors , Thyroid Hormones/bloodABSTRACT
Recent case reports of postpartum psychosis are reviewed, which suggest hypotheses for the aetiology of this disease. The main themes are: The relationship to manic depression. Premenstrual relapse. Prepartum onset. Onset after miscarriage or evacuation of a trophoblastic tumour. Onset after bromocriptine treatment. Attempts to treat this and related psychoses by progesterone. Apomorphine growth hormone challenge tests.
Subject(s)
Psychotic Disorders/etiology , Puerperal Disorders/etiology , Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Psychotic Disorders/psychology , Puerperal Disorders/psychologyABSTRACT
Paper and pencil screening tests for depression have never become widely used in the medically ill, despite consensus that a sizeable pool of depression exists in this population. The performance of several self-rating scales in these patients is reviewed, demonstrating that satisfactory screening of depression as defined by standard case criteria can be achieved. It is proposed that it is primarily the absence of clear guidelines for treatment to be used in conjunction with these scales which will make clinicians sceptical of their value. Treatment validation of case criteria is required to demonstrate that screening for depression in medical patients is worthwhile.
Subject(s)
Depressive Disorder/diagnosis , Disease/psychology , Personality Inventory/standards , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales/standards , Depressive Disorder/psychology , Female , Humans , Male , Reproducibility of Results , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Two hundred twenty-three patients were enrolled on this randomized Phase III trial testing the value of late consolidative involved-field radiation therapy in the treatment of limited-stage small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Patients were treated with induction chemotherapy consisting of alternating cycles of procarbazine, vincristine, lomustine, and cyclophosphamide (POCC) and etoposide, doxorubicin, and methotrexate (VAM) for 6 to 9 months. Responding patients were then randomized at 6 or 9 months to chemotherapy alone or to involved-field radiation therapy. All partial and complete responders received prophylactic cranial irradiation. Of the 180 eligible and evaluable patients, 80 (44%) achieved a complete response and 39 (22%) achieved a partial response (overall rate of response, 66%). Actuarial median survival time was 11.6 months, with 16% of patients surviving 2 years and 11% surviving 5 years. Forty-eight patients were randomized to chemotherapy alone (24 patients) versus chemotherapy plus involved-field radiation therapy (24 patients). There were no significant differences in time to progression or survival between those patients receiving or not receiving involved-field radiation therapy. The thorax was the site of first relapse in 58% of patients randomized to chemotherapy alone versus 29% in patients randomized to chemotherapy plus involved-field radiation therapy (P equals 0.042). The major acute toxicity was reversible myelosuppression, and the major late toxicity was chronic central nervous system dysfunction. The authors conclude that the addition of late consolidative radiation therapy to induction chemotherapy in the treatment of limited-stage SCLC is well tolerated and improves local control, but does not improve time to progression or rates of survival.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Small Cell/radiotherapy , Lung Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Combined Modality Therapy , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy , Male , Middle Aged , Radiotherapy/adverse effectsABSTRACT
A case of folie à deux in a 29 year-old man with Down's syndrome, whose mother had a paranoid psychosis, is described. Successful treatment of the mother's illness also resulted in full recovery of the son without the need for medication.