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1.
Nat Commun ; 14(1): 8014, 2023 Dec 04.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38049425

ABSTRACT

Built structures increasingly dominate the Earth's landscapes; their surging mass is currently overtaking global biomass. We here assess built structures in the conterminous US by quantifying the mass of 14 stock-building materials in eight building types and nine types of mobility infrastructures. Our high-resolution maps reveal that built structures have become 2.6 times heavier than all plant biomass across the country and that most inhabited areas are mass-dominated by buildings or infrastructure. We analyze determinants of the material intensity and show that densely built settlements have substantially lower per-capita material stocks, while highest intensities are found in sparsely populated regions due to ubiquitous infrastructures. Out-migration aggravates already high intensities in rural areas as people leave while built structures remain - highlighting that quantifying the distribution of built-up mass at high resolution is an essential contribution to understanding the biophysical basis of societies, and to inform strategies to design more resource-efficient settlements and a sustainable circular economy.


Subject(s)
Construction Materials , Plants , Humans , Biomass
2.
Codas ; 34(1): e20200422, 2022.
Article in Portuguese, English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35019064

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To translate the My Experience Book toll into Portuguese, evaluate the translation content, readability, quality, and visual identity of the material, and make it available online. METHODS: Descriptive, cross-sectional, quantitative, and qualitative study. The procedures consisted of five stages: translation of the material; evaluation and response to questionnaire one regarding translation; determining the validity of the content; readability assessment; availability of material online and evaluation of content aimed at quality and visual identity (questionnaire two). Twenty-five professionals (audiologists and physicians) participated in the study. RESULTS: The translation of the notebook showed validity agreement rates greater than 90%. Readability rated the material easy to read. Among the 184 invited professionals, only 25 agreed to participate, demonstrating low adherence to the study. Most respondents agreed positively about the content and consistency of the translated material, videos, illustrative images, and captions. The material was also considered necessary by the majority of the evaluators. All audiologists reported using the instrument in clinical practice. CONCLUSION: The translated toll is of great relevance. It gathers practical information to create a notebook of experiences and guidance on using the material as an additional resource to stimulate the auditory skills of children with hearing impairment.


OBJETIVO: Traduzir para o idioma português a ferramenta My Experience Book, avaliar o conteúdo da tradução, o nível de legibilidade, a qualidade e a identidade visual do material e disponibilizá-lo online. MÉTODO: Estudo descritivo, transversal, de caráter quantitativo e qualitativo. Os procedimentos contaram com cinco etapas, sendo: tradução do material; avaliação e resposta ao questionário 1 referente à tradução; determinação da validade do conteúdo; avaliação da legibilidade; disponibilização do material online e avaliação do conteúdo voltado à qualidade e a identidade visual (questionário 2). Participaram do estudo três fonoaudiólogos, juízes e 22 profissionais (fonoaudiólogos e médicos otorrinolaringologistas de serviços de saúde auditiva e reabilitação). RESULTADOS: A tradução do material apresentou taxas de concordância de validade maiores que 90%. A legibilidade classificou o material com nível fácil de leitura. Dentre os 184 profissionais convidados, 22 concordaram com a participação, demonstrando baixa adesão ao estudo. A maior parte dos respondentes concordaram positivamente com os aspectos relacionados ao conteúdo e coerência do material traduzido, vídeos, imagens ilustrativas e legendas. O material também foi considerado importante pela maioria dos avaliadores. Todos os fonoaudiólogos referiram fazer uso do instrumento na prática clínica. CONCLUSÃO: O material traduzido referente à ferramenta é de grande relevância, pois reúne informações práticas voltadas à criação de um caderno de experiências, bem como orientações quanto ao uso do instrumento como recurso adicional para a estimulação do desenvolvimento das habilidades auditivas e de linguagem de crianças com deficiência auditiva.


Subject(s)
Audiology , Hearing Loss , Audiologists , Cross-Sectional Studies , Educational Status , Humans
3.
CoDAS ; 34(1): e20200422, 2022. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1356140

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo Traduzir para o idioma português a ferramenta My Experience Book, avaliar o conteúdo da tradução, o nível de legibilidade, a qualidade e a identidade visual do material e disponibilizá-lo online. Método Estudo descritivo, transversal, de caráter quantitativo e qualitativo. Os procedimentos contaram com cinco etapas, sendo: tradução do material; avaliação e resposta ao questionário 1 referente à tradução; determinação da validade do conteúdo; avaliação da legibilidade; disponibilização do material online e avaliação do conteúdo voltado à qualidade e a identidade visual (questionário 2). Participaram do estudo três fonoaudiólogos, juízes e 22 profissionais (fonoaudiólogos e médicos otorrinolaringologistas de serviços de saúde auditiva e reabilitação). Resultados A tradução do material apresentou taxas de concordância de validade maiores que 90%. A legibilidade classificou o material com nível fácil de leitura. Dentre os 184 profissionais convidados, 22 concordaram com a participação, demonstrando baixa adesão ao estudo. A maior parte dos respondentes concordaram positivamente com os aspectos relacionados ao conteúdo e coerência do material traduzido, vídeos, imagens ilustrativas e legendas. O material também foi considerado importante pela maioria dos avaliadores. Todos os fonoaudiólogos referiram fazer uso do instrumento na prática clínica. Conclusão O material traduzido referente à ferramenta é de grande relevância, pois reúne informações práticas voltadas à criação de um caderno de experiências, bem como orientações quanto ao uso do instrumento como recurso adicional para a estimulação do desenvolvimento das habilidades auditivas e de linguagem de crianças com deficiência auditiva.


ABSTRACT Purpose To translate the My Experience Book toll into Portuguese, evaluate the translation content, readability, quality, and visual identity of the material, and make it available online. Methods Descriptive, cross-sectional, quantitative, and qualitative study. The procedures consisted of five stages: translation of the material; evaluation and response to questionnaire one regarding translation; determining the validity of the content; readability assessment; availability of material online and evaluation of content aimed at quality and visual identity (questionnaire two). Twenty-five professionals (audiologists and physicians) participated in the study. Results The translation of the notebook showed validity agreement rates greater than 90%. Readability rated the material easy to read. Among the 184 invited professionals, only 25 agreed to participate, demonstrating low adherence to the study. Most respondents agreed positively about the content and consistency of the translated material, videos, illustrative images, and captions. The material was also considered necessary by the majority of the evaluators. All audiologists reported using the instrument in clinical practice. Conclusion The translated toll is of great relevance. It gathers practical information to create a notebook of experiences and guidance on using the material as an additional resource to stimulate the auditory skills of children with hearing impairment.

4.
Microbes Infect ; 23(8): 104837, 2021.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33957277

ABSTRACT

Cell invasion by Trypanosoma cruzi extracellular amastigotes (EAs) relies significantly upon the host cell actin cytoskeleton. In past decades EAs have been established as a reliable model for phagocytosis inducer in non-phagocytic cells. Our current hypothesis is that EAs engage a phagocytosis-like mechanism in non-professional phagocytic cells; however, the molecular mechanisms in professional phagocytes still remain unexplored. In this work, we evaluated the involvement of Rac1 and Cdc42 in the actin-dependent internalization of EAs in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Kinetic assays showed similar internalization of EAs in unstimulated RAW and non-phagocytic HeLa cells but increased in LPS/IFN-γ stimulated RAW cells. However, depletion of Rac1, Cdc42 or RhoA inhibited EA internalization similarly in both unstimulated and stimulated RAW cells. Overexpression of active, but not the dominant-negative, construct of Rac1 increased EA internalization. Remarkably, for Cdc42, both the active and the inactive mutants decreased EA internalization when compared to wild type groups. Despite that, both Rac1 and Cdc42 activation mutants were similarly recruited to and colocalized with actin at the EA-macrophage contact sites when compared to their native isoforms. Altogether, these results corroborate that EAs engage phagocytic processes to invade both professional and non-professional phagocytic cells providing evidences of converging actin mediated mechanisms induced by intracellular pathogens in both cell types.


Subject(s)
Trypanosoma cruzi , Actins/metabolism , HeLa Cells , Humans , Macrophages/metabolism , Phagocytosis/physiology , Trypanosoma cruzi/physiology , rac1 GTP-Binding Protein/genetics , rac1 GTP-Binding Protein/metabolism
5.
Food Chem ; 340: 128132, 2021 Mar 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33011468

ABSTRACT

Piperine (PIP) is an alkaloid which is potent as a therapeutic agent. However, its applications are restricted by its poor water solubility. Nanosponges (NS) derived from polymers are versatile carriers for poor water-soluble substances. The aim of this work was to synthesize ß-cyclodextrin NS, by microwave-assisted fusion, for the encapsulation of PIP. Different formulations of NS were synthesized by varying the molar ratio of ß-cyclodextrin:diphenyl carbonate (ß-CD:DPC; 1:2, 1:6 and 1:10). NS specimens derived from 1:2, 1:6 and 1:10 ß-CD:DPC molar ratios exhibited degree of substitution values of 0.345, 0.629 and 0.878, respectively. The crystallinity of NS was enhanced by increasing diphenyl carbonate concentration. A high degree of crosslinking in the NS increased the loading efficiency due to increased surface area available for bioactive inclusion. This study demonstrated the feasibility of synthesizing NS derived from ß-cyclodextrin of high crystallinity for the encapsulation of PIP at high loading capacity.


Subject(s)
Alkaloids/chemistry , Benzodioxoles/chemistry , Nanostructures/chemistry , Piperidines/chemistry , Polyunsaturated Alkamides/chemistry , beta-Cyclodextrins/chemistry , Drug Compounding , Microwaves , Piper nigrum/chemistry , Piper nigrum/metabolism , Solubility
6.
Audiol., Commun. res ; 25: e2324, 2020. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1142384

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo verificar a efetividade da intervenção com atividades lúdicas grupais que visam desenvolver a autoadvocacia e a autocidadania como prática de empoderamento de adolescentes com deficiência auditiva. Métodos trata-se de um estudo experimental pré e pós-intervenção, de abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa. Participaram quatro adolescentes com idades entre 12 e 17 anos, usuários de aparelho de amplificação sonora individual e/ou implante coclear, oralizados. Foram realizados cinco encontros presenciais, nos quais foram abordados temas relacionados à autoadvocacia, por meio de atividades lúdicas. Os instrumentos Checklist de Autoadvocacia "Eu consigo" e o Questionário de participação em sala de aula foram aplicados na pré e pós- intervenção. Foram aplicados o Inventário de Habilidades Sociais para Aadolescentes (IHS-Adolescente) e a Escala Wechsler Abreviada de Inteligência. Os dados foram analisados de forma qualitativa e quantitativa. Resultados No Inventário de Habilidades Sociais para Adolescentes, para frequência, todos os participantes foram classificados como abaixo da média ou média inferior. No teste de Escala Wechsler Abreviada de Inteligência, observando o dado de quociente de inteligência de execução, todos ficaram na média. Houve diferenças na comparação dos resultados pré e pós-intervenção do Checklist de Autoadvocacia "Eu consigo", principalmente no domínio compreensão da audição e da perda auditiva e uso dos dispositivos auditivos. No Questionário de participação em sala de aula, foi observada piora em alguns domínios, como compreensão dos professores e aspectos negativos. Conclusão O programa de intervenção com a estruturação proposta neste estudo foi eficiente para desenvolver as habilidades de autoadvocacia e autocidadania para o empoderamento de adolescentes com deficiência auditiva.


ABSTRACT Purpose To verify the effectiveness of an intervention with recreational activities that aim to develop self-advocacy and citizenship as a practice of empowerment for adolescents with hearing impairment. Methods This is a pre- and post-intervention experimental study with a quantitative and qualitative approach. Four oral hard-of-hearing adolescents aged between 12 and 17 years, users of hearing aids and/or cochlear implants, participated in this study. Five face-to-face meetings were held, in which topics related to self-advocacy were addressed through recreational activities. The Self-advocacy Checklist "I can" and the Classroom Participation Questionnaire (CPQ) were applied pre- and post-intervention. The Social Skills Inventory for Adolescents (IHSA-Del-Prette) and the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI) were also used. The data were analyzed utilizing qualitative and quantitative methods. Results In the Frequency Indicator of the IHSA-Del-Prette, all participants were classified as low average or below average. In the WASI, which analyzed performance IQ, all participants were classified as average. Differences were observed when comparing the Self-advocacy Checklist "I can" pre- and post-intervention, especially regarding hearing and hearing loss and the use of hearing devices. In the CPQ, worsening was observed in some domains, such as teachers' understanding and negative aspects. Conclusion The intervention program with the structure proposed in this study was efficient in developing self-advocacy and citizenship skills to empower adolescents with hearing impairment.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Adolescent , Effectiveness , Community Participation , Social Skills , Hearing Loss , Wechsler Scales , Surveys and Questionnaires , Cochlear Implantation , Checklist/methods , Hearing Aids
7.
Cienc. enferm ; 21(1): 91-102, abr. 2015. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BDENF - Nursing | ID: lil-748764

ABSTRACT

El modelo de relación de persona a persona, de Joyce Travelbee, sustenta el estudio cuyo objetivo es determinar apreciación usuaria respecto a la competencia de comunicación del profesional de enfermería, considerando las dimensiones: proactividad, actitud profesional, comunicación verbal, comunicación no verbal y apoyo emocional. Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, transversal. Universo: 305 personas hospitalizadas, 3 servicios públicos, V Región, Chile, octubre y diciembre 2013. Unidades Mediana Complejidad. Muestra151, > 18 años; estadía > 5 días; Glasgow = 15. Aceptación comité ética, consentimiento informado. Cuestionario satisfacción usuaria autoaplicado 17 ítemes escala Lickert 1-4. Alfa de Cronbach 0.943. Resultados: Alto grado de satisfacción global respecto de competencia de comunicación, las mujeres perciben una mayor insatisfacción que los hombres. Aumenta grado de satisfacción con mayor estadía; los jóvenes y quienes tienen mayor nivel de instrucción, mayor insatisfacción. La comunicación no verbal refleja menor nivel de satisfacción, en comparación con el resto de variables. La actitud profesional y proactividad se perciben en menor nivel que las otras dimensiones, siendo el apoyo emocional mejor valorado. Conclusiones: La comunicación y la visualización del otro como un ser único, autónomo, que tiene derecho a ser informado, tomar decisiones respecto a su salud, son dimensiones que deben ser respetadas. El centro del quehacer de la enfermera(o) como generador de cuidados a través de la comunicación, resaltando la relación persona a persona.


Joyce Travelbee's interpersonal relationship model sheds light on the study to measure customer rating regarding the quality of communication by the nursing professional, especially considering initiative, professional attitude, verbal communication, non-verbal communication and emotional support. Quantitative, descriptive, transversal study. Universe: 305 hospitalized persons at 3 public institutions, moderate complexity units. Sample size 151, > 18 years old; stay > 5 days; Glasgow=15. Ethics Committee acceptance, informed consent, signed. Customer satisfaction self-questionnaire 17 items, Lickert scale 1-4. Cronbach alpha 0.943. Results: High degree of overall satisfaction regarding the quality of communication. However, female patients are relatively less satisfied than male patients. The degree of satisfaction increases with the hospitalization length. Young and well educated patients show the lowest relative satisfaction level. Non-verbal communication is less well developed than verbal communication. Professional attitude and initiative are the least developed aspects and emotional support the highest developed parameter. Conclusions: Communication and patient perception as a unique, autonomous being with the right to be well informed and make his/her own health decisions are all dimensions to be respected. These should be the focus of the nursing professional and also a source of patient care thus enhancing the interpersonal relationship.


Subject(s)
Humans , Nursing , Patient Satisfaction , Health Communication , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires
8.
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol ; 33(10): 2444-53, 2013 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23950140

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Human pregnancy that courses with maternal supraphysiological hypercholesterolemia (MSPH) correlates with atherosclerotic lesions in fetal arteries. It is known that hypercholesterolemia associates with endothelial dysfunction in adults, a phenomenon where nitric oxide (NO) and arginase are involved. However, nothing is reported on potential alterations in the fetoplacental endothelial function in MSPH. The aim of this study was to determine whether MSPH alters fetal vascular reactivity via endothelial arginase/urea and L-arginine transport/NO signaling pathways. APPROACH AND RESULTS: Total cholesterol <280 mg/dL was considered as maternal physiological hypercholesterolemia (n=46 women) and ≥ 280 mg/dL as MSPH (n=28 women). Maternal but not fetal total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels were elevated in MSPH. Umbilical veins were used for vascular reactivity assays (wire myography), and primary cultures of umbilical vein endothelial cells to determine arginase, endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), and human cationic amino acid transporter 1 and human cationic amino acid transporter 2A/B expression and activity. MSPH reduced calcitonine gene-related peptide-umbilical vein relaxation and increased intima/media ratio (histochemistry), as well as reduced eNOS activity (L-citrulline synthesis from L-arginine, eNOS phosphorylation/dephosphorylation), but increased arginase activity and arginase II protein abundance. Arginase inhibition increased eNOS activity and L-arginine transport capacity without altering human cationic amino acid transporter 1 or human cationic amino acid transporter 2A/B protein abundance in maternal physiological hypercholesterolemia and MSPH. CONCLUSIONS: MSPH is a pathophysiological condition altering umbilical vein reactivity because of fetal endothelial dysfunction associated with arginase and eNOS signaling imbalance. We speculate that elevated maternal circulating cholesterol is a factor leading to fetal endothelial dysfunction, which could have serious consequences to the growing fetus.


Subject(s)
Arginase/metabolism , Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/enzymology , Hypercholesterolemia/enzymology , Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/metabolism , Pregnancy Complications/enzymology , Umbilical Veins/enzymology , Adult , Cationic Amino Acid Transporter 1/metabolism , Cationic Amino Acid Transporter 2/metabolism , Cells, Cultured , Female , Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/pathology , Humans , Hypercholesterolemia/blood , Hypercholesterolemia/pathology , Hypercholesterolemia/physiopathology , Kinetics , Lipids/blood , Nitric Oxide/metabolism , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications/blood , Pregnancy Complications/pathology , Pregnancy Complications/physiopathology , Pregnancy Trimesters/metabolism , Signal Transduction , Umbilical Veins/pathology , Umbilical Veins/physiopathology , Urea/metabolism , Young Adult
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