ABSTRACT
Introducción. La pancreatitis aguda es una condición gastrointestinal común que se asocia a una importante morbimortalidad. Se estima que su incidencia es de 34 por cada 100.000 habitantes, afecta principalmente a adultos a partir de la sexta década de la vida y en nuestra región es debida en la mayoría de los casos a cálculos biliares. Métodos. Se hizo una revisión de los aspectos fundamentales de esta patología, común y potencialmente mortal. Resultados. El diagnóstico requiere del hallazgo de manifestaciones clínicas, aumento de las enzimas pancreáticas en suero y, en ocasiones, el uso de imágenes diagnósticas. Se puede clasificar en leve, moderada y severa, lo cual es fundamental para determinar la necesidad de tratamiento y vigilancia en una unidad de cuidados intensivos. Conclusión. En la actualidad los pilares de manejo de la pancreatitis aguda son la terapia temprana con líquidos, tratamiento del dolor, inicio precoz de la vía oral y resolución del factor etiológico desencadenante. En presencia de complicaciones o un curso severo de enfermedad, pueden requerirse manejo antibiótico e intervenciones invasivas
Introduction. Acute pancreatitis is a common gastrointestinal condition that is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. It is estimated that its incidence is 34 per 100,000 inhabitants, it mainly affects adults from the sixth decade of life, and in our region, most of the cases are secondary to gallbladder stones. Methods. We present a review of the fundamental aspects of this disease, common and potentially fatal. Results. Diagnosis requires finding clinical manifestations, increased serum pancreatic enzymes, and sometimes the use of diagnostic imaging. It can be classified as mild, moderate and severe, which is essential to determine the need for treatment and monitoring in an intensive care unit. Conclusion. Currently, the pillars of management of acute pancreatitis are early fluid therapy, pain management, early oral food intake, and resolution of the etiology. In the presence of complications or a severe course of the disease, antibiotic management and invasive interventions may be required
Subject(s)
Humans , Pancreatitis , Abdomen, Acute , Pancreas , Abdominal Pain , Pancreatitis, Acute NecrotizingABSTRACT
Frente a los desafíos de la Educación Basada en Competencia, este consenso Delphi de la División de Educación de la Asociación Colombiana de Cirugía informa sobre las mínimas competencias profesionales esperadas del cirujano egresado de los veinte programas de Especialización en Cirugía General en Colombia. Un total de 105 profesores de los programas de especialización evaluaron tres áreas de competencia profesional: 1) atributos profesionales generales del residente durante su formación, 2) competencias prácticas (procedimientos quirúrgicos) que los residentes deben realizar al final de su entrenamiento y 3) Actividades Profesionales Confiables (APC) que los residentes deben ejecutar sin supervisión al final de su entrenamiento. Los resultados informan un alto nivel de consenso en el 100 % los atributos profesionales generales y APC, y del 75 % en diferentes procedimientos quirúrgicos. El consenso abre la puerta para el desarrollo de un currículo nacional de la especialidad y tiene implicaciones para la práctica educativa e investigación futura
Faced with the challenges of Competence-Based Education, this Delphi consensus from the Education Division of the Colombian Association of Surgery reports on the minimum professional competencies expected of the surgeon who graduated from the twenty residency programs in General Surgery in Colombia. A total of 105 professors from the training programs evaluated three areas of professional competence: 1) general professional attributes of the resident during their training, 2) practical skills (surgical procedures) that residents must perform at the end of their training, and 3) Activities Trusted Professionals (APC) that residents must run unsupervised at the end of their training. The results report a high level of consensus in 100% general professional attributes and APC, and 75% in different surgical procedures. The consensus opens the door for the development of a national specialty curriculum and has implications for educational practice and future research
Subject(s)
Humans , General Surgery , Health Postgraduate Programs , Delphi Technique , Colombia , Competency-Based Education , Curriculum , ConsensusABSTRACT
Frente a los desafíos de la Educación Basada en Competencia, este consenso Delphi de la División de Educación de la Asociación Colombiana de Cirugía informa sobre las mínimas competencias profesionales esperadas del cirujano egresado de los veinte programas de Especialización en Cirugía General en Colombia. Un total de 105 profesores de los programas de especialización evaluaron tres áreas de competencia profesional: 1) atributos profesionales generales del residente durante su formación, 2) competencias prácticas (procedimientos quirúrgicos) que los residentes deben realizar al final de su entrenamiento y 3) Actividades Profesionales Confiables (APC) que los residentes deben ejecutar sin supervisión al final de su entrenamiento. Los resultados informan un alto nivel de consenso en el 100 % los atributos profesionales generales y APC, y del 75 % en diferentes procedimientos quirúrgicos. El consenso abre la puerta para el desarrollo de un currículo nacional de la especialidad y tiene implicaciones para la práctica educativa e investigación futura
Faced with the challenges of Competence-Based Education, this Delphi consensus from the Education Division of the Colombian Association of Surgery reports on the minimum professional competencies expected of the surgeon who graduated from the twenty residency programs in General Surgery in Colombia. A total of 105 professors from the training programs evaluated three areas of professional competence: 1) general professional attributes of the resident during their training, 2) practical skills (surgical procedures) that residents must perform at the end of their training, and 3) Activities Trusted Professionals (APC) that residents must run unsupervised at the end of their training. The results report a high level of consensus in 100% general professional attributes and APC, and 75% in different surgical procedures. The consensus opens the door for the development of a national specialty curriculum and has implications for educational practice and future research
Subject(s)
Humans , General Surgery , Health Postgraduate Programs , Delphi Technique , Colombia , Competency-Based Education , Curriculum , ConsensusABSTRACT
Objective Ankle-brachial index (ABI) is widely recommended and used to evaluate peripheral arterial disease. The oxygen saturation (SpO2) has been associated with ABI, showing a promising clinical practice utility; however, little literature regarding this matter has been reported. This study aims to assess the correlation between pulse oximetry and ABI. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted using ABI measuring devices, such as the MESI® Ankle Brachial Pressure Index (ABPI) (MESI, Ltd., Slovenia, EU) and pulse oximetry. We compared the SpO2 distribution by using the Wilcoxon test and evaluated its correlation by using logistic regression. Results From a total of 86 patients, 54 were males (62.8%) and the median age was 54 years old (interquartile range (IQR) = 37 - 65 yrs.). Regarding ABI measurements of the right lower limb (RLL), a total of 20 patients (22.3%) had an abnormal classification. On the other hand, a total of 21 patients (22.1%) had an abnormal classification of the left lower limb (LLL) ABI measurements. The distribution of SpO2 in relation to ABI categories was not statistically different (RLL p = 0.2433; LLL p = 0.1242). The SpO2 classification of ABI and abnormal pulse oximetry for the RLL was at 76.7% and at 77.9% in the LLL (Pearson's goodness-of-fit test: RLL = p < 0.001 and LLL = p < 0.001). Conclusion Although we didn't observe any statistical differences in the SpO2 distribution regarding ABI measurements, in their correlation, there seems to be a different tendency. The SpO2 might be a useful non-invasive tool to assess asymptomatic patients with risk factors for peripheral arterial disease (PAD).
ABSTRACT
Este consenso presenta las recomendaciones de la División de Educación de la Asociación Colombiana de Cirugía para los programas de especialización en cirugía general del país, con el fin de enfrentar la pandemia de la COVID-19 en los próximos años. Las recomendaciones se formularon mediante un método informal de consenso de expertos conformado por todos los directores de los programas de especialización en cirugía general en Colombia. Las principales recomendaciones se relacionan con los procesos de selección en los programas, investigación, bioseguridad, vigilancia de volumen operatorio, evaluación, simulación y virtualidad, rotaciones especiales, esquemas de trabajo y evaluación de la calidad programática
This consensus presents the recommendations of the División de Educación of the Asociación Colombiana de Cirugía for the Colombian surgical residency programs, in order to face the COVID-19 pandemic in the coming years. The recommendations were formulated using an informal method of consensus of experts made up of all program directors of residency programs in the country. The main recommendations are related to the selection processes in the programs, research, biosecurity, surveillance of operative volume, evaluation, simulation and virtual education, special rotations, work schemes and evaluation of program quality.
Subject(s)
Humans , Coronavirus Infections , General Surgery , Education, Medical , Health Postgraduate ProgramsABSTRACT
Introducción. Es frecuente (46 %) que la lesión esplénica se acompañe de otra lesión visceral concomitante, con una alta tasa de morbimortalidad. La evolución de las técnicas para el abordaje de estas lesiones incluye procedimientos quirúrgicos, intervencionistas y de manejo expectante. Métodos. Se trata de un estudio con cohorte única retrospectiva y observacional. Se incluyeron pacientes mayores de 13 años de edad con trauma esplénico, atendidos entre enero de 2000 y diciembre de 2017. Se describieron las características relacionadas con el proceso de atención.Resultados. Se identificaron 116 pacientes con trauma esplénico, el 85,2 % de ellos hombres, con una edad promedio de 26 años. El 75,9 % de los pacientes presentaba lesiones concomitantes; las más frecuentes fueron de diafragma (31,0 %), de hígado (17,2 %) y de riñón (11,2 %). Los mecanismos de lesión más frecuentes fueron por arma corto-punzante (29,3 %), por arma de fuego (22,4 %) y por accidentes de tránsito (22,4 %). La gravedad fue clasificada como de grado V en el 24,1 % de los pacientes y de grado I en el 23,3 %. Se practicó esplenectomía total en el 39,7 % de los pacientes y el 15,2 % fue manejado de forma conservadora. La mortalidad fue del 4,3 %, tres casos en el posoperatorio inmediato (menos de 24 horas) y dos en la primera semana postoperatoria. Discusión. El manejo conservador de las lesiones esplénicas de poca gravedad es una estrategia segura y efectiva, con una tasa de fracaso de menos del 5 %. El abordaje quirúrgico se reserva para lesiones de mayor gravedad y su relación con otros órganos lesionados, con una mayor morbimortalidad (63 %)
Introduction. Splenic injuries are usually accompanied by another concomitant visceral lesion (46 %), with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. The evolution of techniques for approaching these injuries includes surgical, interventional and expectant management procedures.Methods. Retrospective, observational single cohort study. Patients older than 13 years of age with splenic trauma who were treated between January 2010 and December 2017 were included. The characteristics related to the care process were described.Results. 116 patients with splenic trauma were identified, 85,2 % were men and the average age was 26 years. Concomitant lesions were identified in 75,9% of patients, the most common were diaphragm (31 %), liver (17,2 %), and kidney (11,2 %). The most common mechanisms of injury were stab wounds (29,3 %), gunshot wounds (22,4 %), and motor vehicle collisions (22,4 %). Severity was classified as grade V in 24,1 % of patients and grade I in 23,3 %. Total splenectomy was performed in 39,7 % of patients and 15,2 % was conservatively managed. Mortality was 4,3 %, three cases in the immediate postoperative period (within 24 hours) and two in the first week postoperative week. Discussion. Conservative management of low-grade splenic injuries is a safe and effective strategy, with a failure rate of less than 5 %. Surgical approach is reserved for injuries with greater severity and their relationship with other injured organs, with greater morbidity and mortality (63 %)
Subject(s)
Humans , Abdominal Injuries , Splenectomy , Endovascular Procedures , Conservative TreatmentABSTRACT
Introducción. El trauma es reconocido como una epidemia global que varía según las regiones donde se presenta. Una parte de la carga de la enfermedad está determinada por los años perdidos de vida potencial, la cual es una estimación de amplio uso para la vigilancia en salud pública; sin embargo, existe poca información disponible en relación a esto. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la tendencia de los años perdidos de vida potencial por el trauma en un período de nueve años.Métodos. La información se obtuvo del Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal y Ciencias Forenses en un período de nueve años (2007-2015). La población de referencia se determinó con base en las proyecciones del Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística, que indicaron una expectativa de vida de 75 años.Resultados. En el 2015, a las lesiones por traumatismos en Colombia les correspondieron 1.920,7 años perdidos de vida potencial por cada 100.000 personas. Durante el período de estudio, las principales causas fueron los homicidios (rango, 51 a 68 %) y los accidentes de tránsito (rango, 19 a 28 %); la relación entre hombres y mujeres fue de 7:1, y la tendencia estadística fue hacia la disminución de los años perdidos de vida potencial.Conclusiones. Los homicidios siguen aportando el mayor número de lesiones por trauma y años perdidos de vida potencial. Los hombres jóvenes continuaron siendo la población mayormente afectada. Se conceptúa la necesidad de incrementar los esfuerzos para mejorar la vigilancia en salud pública y ahondar en las intervenciones oportunas relacionadas con el trauma (AU)
Introduction: Trauma is a worldwide leading cause of external injuries that varies according to the regions. In 2015, trauma injuries were the third cause of Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) with the 9% of the total global burden of disease. A portion of the burden of disease is determined by the Years of Potential Life Lost (YPLL). In Colombia in 2015, from the total of deaths due to external cause injuries, homicides had the highest number of YPLL with a total of 495.667; traffic accidents had 236.237 YPLL and accidental deaths 90.745 YPLL. The YPLL trauma trends and baselines are important to public health surveillance but there's no consolidated description. The aim of this study is to determine trauma trends in a five-year period.Material and methods: The information was obtained from the reports of Instituto Nacional de Medicinal Le-gal y Ciencias Forenses in a nine-year period (2007-2015). The reference population was identified through the population projections from the Departmento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística (DANE). YPLL calculation was compared to a 75 years life expectancy.Results: In 2015 trauma injuries in Colombia had a total of 1.920,7 YPLL per 100.000 people. Overall the study period, leading cause of YPLL was homicides (range= 51-68%) and traffic accidents (range= 19-28%), ratio male: female was 7:1 and YPLL observed had decreased. The percentage of the total decrease was 6.3%, the highest increase was observed in 2009 with a raise of 30.5%.Conclusions: Homicides are a major public health issue such as the leading cause in YPLL of trauma injuries. Despite there was no increase in sex ratio, younger males are getting more affected through the time increasing YPLL in this population group. More efforts are needed to improve public health surveillance for assessing baselines, DALYs, policies and evidence for interventions in trauma-related injuries (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Life Expectancy , Wounds and Injuries , Accidents, Traffic , Public HealthABSTRACT
Introduction: Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease caused by bacteria of the genus Leptospira, which is endemic in México and considered a public and veterinary health problem. Rodents are the most relevant reservoirs of Leptospira spp. because the bacteria establish and reproduce in its renal tissue and are excreted through the urine. Objective: To identify the presence of Leptospira spp. in renal tissue from rodents captured in Yucatán, México. Materials and methods: Synanthropic and wild rodents were captured in the rural municipality of Cenotillo, Yucatán, México. We collected one kidney from each rodent and extracted the total DNA. The identification of Leptospira spp. was done by detecting two fragments of the 16S rRNA gene using end-point polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We sequenced and analyzed positive products using alignment tools. Results: A total of 92 rodents belonging to seven different species were captured. The PCR yielded a global positivity of 5.4% (5/92). The alignment analysis of the sequenced products demonstrated a 100% of coverage and identity with Leptospira interrogans. This is the first molecular evidence of Leptospira spp. circulation in Heteromys gaumeri captured in Yucatán, México. Conclusion: Our results evidenced that rodents of Yucatán are reservoirs of Leptospira spp. and participate in the infection cycle of leptospirosis in the region.
Subject(s)
Leptospirosis/veterinary , Rodent Diseases/microbiology , Rodentia/microbiology , Animals , Disease Reservoirs , Female , Kidney/microbiology , Leptospira , Leptospirosis/epidemiology , Leptospirosis/microbiology , Male , Mexico/epidemiology , Molecular Diagnostic Techniques , Ribotyping , Rodent Diseases/epidemiology , Sequence Alignment , Species SpecificityABSTRACT
Introducción. La leptospirosis es una enfermedad zoonótica endémica en México, ocasionada por la bacteria del género Leptospira, la cual constituye un problema de salud pública y veterinaria. Los roedores son los reservorios más relevantes de Leptospira spp., debido a que la bacteria se establece y se reproduce en su tejido renal y es excretada por la orina. Objetivo. Identificar la presencia de Leptospira spp. en tejido renal de roedores capturados en Yucatán, México. Materiales y métodos. Se capturaron roedores sinantrópicos y silvestres en el municipio rural de Cenotillo, Yucatán, México. Se tomó un riñón de cada roedor y se extrajo el ADN total. La identificación de Leptospira spp. se hizo mediante la detección de dos fragmentos del gen 16S rRNA con una reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) de punto final. Los productos positivos se secuenciaron y se analizaron con herramientas de alineamiento. Resultados. Se capturaron 92 roedores pertenecientes a siete especies distintas. La PCR arrojó 5,4 % (5/92) de positividad global. El análisis del alineamiento de los aislamientos de los roedores infectados demostró 100 % de cobertura e identidad con la especie Leptospira interrogans. Esta es la primera evidencia molecular de la circulación de Leptospira spp. en Heteromys gaumeri capturados en Yucatán, México. Conclusión. Se evidenció que los roedores de Yucatán, México, son reservorios de Leptospira spp. y participan en el ciclo de infección de la leptospirosis en la región.
Introduction: Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease caused by bacteria of the genus Leptospira, which is endemic in México and considered a public and veterinary health problem. Rodents are the most relevant reservoirs of Leptospira spp. because the bacteria establish and reproduce in its renal tissue and are excreted through the urine. Objective: To identify the presence of Leptospira spp. in renal tissue from rodents captured in Yucatán, México. Materials and methods: Synanthropic and wild rodents were captured in the rural municipality of Cenotillo, Yucatán, México. We collected one kidney from each rodent and extracted the total DNA. The identification of Leptospira spp. was done by detecting two fragments of the 16S rRNA gene using end-point polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We sequenced and analyzed positive products using alignment tools. Results: A total of 92 rodents belonging to seven different species were captured. The PCR yielded a global positivity of 5.4% (5/92). The alignment analysis of the sequenced products demonstrated a 100% of coverage and identity with Leptospira interrogans. This is the first molecular evidence of Leptospira spp. circulation in Heteromys gaumeri captured in Yucatán, México. Conclusion: Our results evidenced that rodents of Yucatán are reservoirs of Leptospira spp. and participate in the infection cycle of leptospirosis in the region.
Subject(s)
Rodent Diseases , Leptospira , Rodentia , MexicoABSTRACT
Introducción: la hipotensión arterial es el efecto adverso más frecuente de la anestesia subaracnoidea en las operaciones de cesáreas, representa un serio riesgo tanto para la madre como para el niño, de ahí la necesidad de su profilaxis. Objetivo: evaluar la eficacia del uso de la efedrina por vía intramuscular con respecto al método tradicional en la prevención de la hipotensión arterial secundaria a la anestesia subaracnoidea.Método: se realizó un estudio experimental, controlado y aleatorizado en el Hospital General Provincial Docente Dr. Antonio Luaces Iraola de Ciego de Ávila, en el período de noviembre de 2011 hasta junio de 2014. Se trabajó con 200 pacientes, que cumplían con los criterios establecidos en el estudio, las que fueron asignadas a dos grupos: uno al cual se le aplicó la efedrina por vía intramuscular sobreañadida al tratamiento habitual con bupivacaína isobárica al 0,5 porciento (grupo experimental) y otro al que se le aplicó solo la técnica de uso habitual (grupo control).Resultados: la incidencia de hipotensión fue menor en el grupo experimental y se encontró estabilidad en la frecuencia cardíaca. El número de bolos de efedrina usados en el grupo experimental fue menor que en el grupo control al igual que la aparición de complicaciones. El Apgar de los recién nacidos no tuvo variaciones en ambos grupos.Conclusiones: el uso de efedrina por vía intramuscular resultó ser un método eficaz como profilaxis de la hipotensión arterial en las pacientes operadas por cesárea(AU)
Introduction: arterial hypotension is the most frequent adverse effect of subarachnoid anesthesia in cesarean operations, it represents a serious risk for both mother and child, hence the need for prophylaxis.Objective: to evaluate the efficacy of the use of ephedrine intramuscularly with respect to the traditional method in the prevention of arterial hypotension secondary to subarachnoid anesthesia.Method: an experimental, controlled and randomized study was carried out in the General Provincial Teaching Hospital r. Antonio Luaces Iraola of Ciego de Ávila, from November 2011 to June 2014. It worked with 200 patients, who met the criteria established in the study, which were assigned to two groups: one to which ephedrine was applied intramuscularly, added to the usual treatment with isobaric bupivacaine 0,5 percent (experimental group) and another to which only the technique of habitual use was applied (control group).Results: the incidence of hypotension was lower in the experimental group and stability in heart rate was found. The number of ephedrine boluses used in the experimental group was lower than in the control group, as well as the appearance of complications.Conclusions: the intramuscular ephedrine proved to be an effective method as prophylaxis of arterial hypotension in patients operated on by cesarean section(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Ephedrine/therapeutic use , Anesthesia, Obstetrical/adverse effects , Hypotension/prevention & control , Cesarean Section/methods , Hypotension/drug therapy , Clinical TrialABSTRACT
Resumen Introducción. La obesidad se define como el exceso de tejido adiposo perjudicial para la salud ya que deteriora la calidad de vida. Su tratamiento se hace de manera multidisciplinaria de modo que se asegure la pérdida de peso. La alta prevalencia mundial e incidencia en pacientes adolescentes, exige que las intervenciones terapéuticas sean efectivas y seguras. La cirugía bariátrica como un conjunto de procedimientos quirúrgicos, garantiza dichas características y por consiguiente se ha convertido en la opción terapéutica válida y efectiva en aquellos pacientes que no responden a los tratamientos convencionales. Objetivo. Determinar el comportamiento de la pérdida de peso en los pacientes intervenidos con cirugía bariátrica en el hospital universitario Hernando Moncaleano Perdomo de Neiva, desde el año 2013 hasta el 2016. Materiales y métodos. Estudio observacional, tipo corte transversal, retrospectivo en el que se incluyeron pacientes tratados con cirugía bariátrica entre los años2013 y 2016 en un hospital de tercer nivel. Resultados. Se contó con 86 pacientes intervenidos con cirugía bariátrica entre los años2013 y 2016, de los cuales un 74,4% (64) recibióbaipás gástrico laparoscópico y un 25,6 % (22) mangagástrica la paroscópica. El 80,2% eran mujeres, con edad media de 36 años, pertenecientes al régimen subsidiado de salud (64%). Las comorbilidades más frecuentes fueron enfermedad esosteoarticulares (82%), hipertensión arterial (36%) y diabetes mellitus (29%). Se evidenciaron diferencias significativas (p=0,003) para el índice de masa corporal inicial y final entre ambos grupos. Se determinó que el grupo con resultado "óptimo" (porcentaje de exceso de peso perdido mayor o igual a 50% al año) fue el de baipás gástrico (p=0,026). Finalmente, se estableció que la mayor pérdida de peso se logró en el grupo de pacientes sometidos a baipás gástrico, con diferencia estadísticamente significativa; sin embargo, se requieren estudios analíticos que permitan confirmar estos resultados. Conclusiones. En ambos grupos se observó un descenso progresivo de peso en el año de seguimiento; no obstante, el baipás gástrico obtuvo resultados estadísticamente significativos en cuanto al porcentaje de exceso de peso perdido al año, en comparación con la manga gástrica, datos que se correlacionan con la tendencia mundial en cuanto a este tipo de intervenciones.
Abstract Introduction. Obesity is defined as the excess of adipose tissue that deteriorates quality of life and is harmful to health. Its treatment is performed in a multidisciplinary way that ensures weight loss. The high worldwide prevalence and incidence in adolescent patients requires therapeutic interventions that are effective and safe. Bariatric surgery, as a set of surgical procedures, guarantees these characteristics, which is why it has become a valid and effective therapeutic option in patients who do not respond to conventional treatments. Objective. To determine the behavior of weight loss in patients undergoing bariatric surgery at the Hernando Moncaleano Perdomo University Hospital in Neiva, Colombia, in the years 2013 to 2016. Materials and methods. Observational, cross-sectional, retrospective study including a group of patients managed with bariatric surgery in the years 2013 to 2016 at a third level of care hospital. Results. There were 86 patients intervened with bariatric surgery, where 74.4% (64) received laparoscopic gastric bypass (LGB) and 25.6 % (22) laparoscopic gastric sleeve (LGS); 80.2 % were women with an average age of 36 years, all belonging to the subsidized Colombian health regime (64%). The most common comorbidities were osteoarticular disease (82%), arterial hypertension(36%) and type 2 diabetes (29%). There were significant differences (p = 0.003) for the initial and final BMI between two groups. It was determined that the group with the best "optimal" result in terms of %EWL (percentage of excess weight loss) equal or greater than 50% per year, was the LGB (p = 0.026). Finally it was determined that the greatest weight loss was achieved in the group of patients undergoing LGB, with a statistically significant difference; however it is necessary to carry out analytic studies that confirm these results Conclusions: A progressive decrease in weight was evidenced in both groups in the follow-up year; however the LGBgroup achieved better statistically significant results in terms of %EWL per year compared to the LGS group, data that correlates with the global trend in terms of this type of interventions.
Subject(s)
Humans , Bariatric Surgery , Obesity, Morbid , DiseaseABSTRACT
Introducción. El trauma vascular es un evento de baja frecuencia, con alta carga de morbilidad y mortalidad, que afecta mayormente a hombres jóvenes y en muchas ocasiones requiere manejo quirúrgico. Se asocia con múltiples complicaciones, que van desde la reintervención quirúrgica, hasta la amputación de la extremidad, las cuales, a su vez, se ven influenciadas por variables relacionadas tanto con el trauma como con la atención hospitalaria. Objetivo. Caracterizar los pacientes mayores de 13 años con traumatismos arteriales periféricos en el Hospital Universitario Hernando Moncaleano Perdomo, de Neiva, Huila, Colombia, en el periodo enero de 2014 a diciembre de 2016. Materiales y métodos. Estudio observacional, retrospectivo, de tipo descriptivo, con población a conveniencia de pacientes mayores de 13 años que sufrieron traumatismos arteriales periféricos y fueron llevados a procedimiento quirúrgico en el Hospital Universitario Hernando Moncaleano Perdomo. Resultados. Se encontraron 54 pacientes con trauma arterial periférico, cifra que representa el 1,5 % de los ingresos por trauma en la Institución durante el período de estudio. El género más representativo fue el masculino (n=49), las heridas por arma cortopunzante el principal mecanismo de trauma (n=22) y las extremidades el área comúnmente afectada (n=47). Se halló un puntaje de gravedad de la lesión promedio al ingreso de 26 puntos, y un tiempo de isquemia de extremidad mayor a seis horas al momento del ingreso en el 31,5 % de los casos (n=17). Conclusiones. Las intervenciones quirúrgicas fueron hechas en mayor medida por cirugía de trauma, seguido de cirugía vascular. El principal manejo fue la anastomosis término-terminal y el injerto de safena invertida. Las complicaciones fueron en mayor medida la trombosis arterial (n=12), seguida de la amputación de extremidad (n=7)
Introduction. Vascular trauma is a low frequency event, with a high burden of morbidity and mortality that mostly affects young men. It often requires surgical management, which is associated with multiple complications ranging from reoperation to limb amputation; that in turn, are influenced by variables associated with both trauma and hospital care. Objective. To characterize the patients over 13 years of age with peripheral arterial trauma admitted to the Hernando Moncaleano Perdomo University Hospital, Neiva, Colombia, from January 2014 to December 2016. Methods. Retrospective observational study of descriptive type with population of patients older than 13 years with peripheral arterial trauma who had a surgical procedure at the Hernando Moncaleano Perdomo University Hospital. Results. This study showed that the 54 patients with peripheral arterial trauma represented 1.5% of the total trauma admissions at the Institution during the study period. The most representative gender was male (n = 49), short stab wounds were the main mechanism of trauma (n = 22), and the extremities were the most commonly affected area (n = 47). An average ISS (Injury Severity Score) and a limb ischemia time of more than 6 hours in 31.48% (n = 17) of the patients were recorded at entry. Conclusions. Surgical interventions were undertaken by trauma surgery followed by vascular surgery. The main postoperative complications were arterial thrombosis (n=12) followed by limb amputation (n=7)
Subject(s)
Humans , Vascular System Injuries , Vascular Surgical Procedures , Wounds, Penetrating , Multiple TraumaABSTRACT
Introducción. La obesidad se define como el exceso de tejido adiposo perjudicial para la salud ya que deteriora la calidad de vida. Su tratamiento se hace de manera multidisciplinaria de modo que se asegure la pérdida de peso. La altaprevalencia mundial e incidencia en pacientes adolescentes, exige que las intervenciones terapéuticas sean efectivas y seguras. La cirugía bariátrica como un conjunto de procedimientos quirúrgicos, garantiza dichas características y por consiguiente se ha convertido en la opción terapéutica válida y efectiva en aquellos pacientes que no responden a los tratamientos convencionales. Objetivo. Determinar el comportamiento de la pérdida de peso en los pacientes intervenidos con cirugía bariátrica en el hospital universitario Hernando Moncaleano Perdomo de Neiva,desde el año 2013 hasta el 2016. Materiales y métodos. Estudio observacional, tipo corte transversal, retrospectivo en el que se incluyeron pacientes tratados con cirugía bariátrica entre los años2013 y 2016 en un hospital de tercer nivel. Resultados. Se contó con 86 pacientes intervenidos con cirugía bariátrica entre los años2013 y 2016, de los cuales un 74,4% (64) recibióbaipás gástrico laparoscópico y un 25,6 % (22) mangagástrica laparoscópica.El 80,2% eran mujeres, con edad media de 36 años, pertenecientes al régimen subsidiado de salud (64%). Las comorbilidades más frecuentes fueron enfermedadesosteoarticulares (82%), hipertensión arterial (36%) y diabetes mellitus (29%). Se evidenciaron diferencias significativas (p=0,003) para el índice de masa corporal inicial y final entre ambos grupos. Se determinó que el grupo con resultado "óptimo" (porcentaje de exceso de peso perdidomayor o igual a 50% al año) fue el debaipás gástrico (p=0,026). Finalmente, se estableció que la mayor pérdida de peso se logró en el grupo de pacientes sometidos a baipás gástrico, con diferencia estadísticamente significativa; sin embargo, se requieren estudios analíticos que permitan confirmar estos resultados. Conclusiones. En ambos grupos se observó un descenso progresivo de peso en el año de seguimiento;no obstante, el baipás gástricoobtuvo resultados estadísticamente significativos en cuanto al porcentaje de exceso de peso perdido al año, en comparación con lamangagástrica, datos que se correlacionan con la tendencia mundial en cuanto a este tipo de intervenciones
Introduction. Obesity is defined as the excess of adipose tissue that deteriorates quality of life and is harmful to health. Its treatment is performed in a multidisciplinary way that ensures weight loss. The high worldwide prevalence and incidence in adolescent patients requires therapeutic interventions that are effective and safe. Bariatric surgery, as a set of surgical procedures, guarantees these characteristics, which is why it has become a valid and effective therapeutic option in patients who do not respond to conventional treatments. Objective. To determine the behavior of weight loss in patients undergoing bariatric surgery at the Hernando MoncaleanoPerdomo University Hospital in Neiva, Colombia,in the years2013 to 2016. Materials and methods. Observational, cross-sectional, retrospective study including a group of patients managed with bariatric surgery in the years 2013 to 2016 at a third level of care hospital. Results. There were 86 patients intervened with bariatric surgery, where 74.4% (64) received laparoscopic gastric bypass (LGB) and 25.6 % (22) laparoscopic gastric sleeve (LGS); 80.2 % were women with an average age of 36 years, all belonging to the subsidized Colombian health regime (64%). The most common comorbidities were osteoarticular disease (82%), arterial hypertension(36%) and type 2 diabetes (29%). There were significant differences (p = 0.003) for the initial and final BMI between two groups. It was determined that the group with the best "optimal" result in terms of %EWL (percentage of excess weight loss) equal or greater than 50% per year, was the LGB (p = 0.026). Finally it was determined that the greatest weight loss was achieved in the group of patients undergoing LGB, with a statistically significant difference; however it is necessary to carry out analytic studies that confirm these results Conclusions: A progressive decrease in weight was evidenced in both groups in the follow-up year; however the LGBgroup achieved better statistically significant results in terms of %EWL per year compared to the LGS group, data that correlates with the global trend in terms of this type of interventions
Subject(s)
Humans , Obesity, Morbid , Gastric Bypass , Weight Loss , Bariatric SurgeryABSTRACT
Introducción: Las lesiones producidas por ondas expansivas comprometen diferentes áreas anatómicas por su mecanismo de lesión y se traducen en traumatismos severos. En Colombia, las principales causas de estas lesiones las constituyen situaciones de guerra y ataques terroristas puesto que el país se ha visto inmerso en la violencia durante varios años. Material y Métodos:Debido a la severidad y el compromiso de áreas resultantes de ese tipo de eventos, se diseñó e implemento un protocolo de atención que se propuso realizar lo siguiente: 1) Aplicar la evaluación primaria y secundaria del paciente, según los lineamientos del Soporte Vital Avanzado en Trauma del Colegio Americano de Cirujanos. 2) Hacer la evaluación sistemática por áreas anatómicas por parte del departamento quirúrgico, orientándola hacia el examen de las lesiones descritas con mayor frecuencia. 3) Llevar a cabo posteriormente una valoración de las lesiones específi cas de acuerdo con las especialidades relacionadas. Para identifi car las lesiones más frecuentes, se rea-lizó un análisis retrospectivo de los casos registrados en el Hospital Universitario de Neiva, centro de referencia para el suroccidente de Colombia. Resultados: Durante ese periodo, se atendieron 35 pacientes cuyas áreas anatómicas comprometidas más frecuentes fueron las extremidades inferiores (con un registro del 60% de los casos), el abdomen (54,3%) y el tórax (42,9%). La mor-talidad general del grupo fue de 9,1%. Después de la implementación, se demostró una mejoría en la oportunidad de evaluación por cirugía general y se identifi caron 6 pacientes con diagnósticos tardíos, previos a la implementación del protocolo. Conclusión: Este estudio determinó que la implementación de una revisión secuencial y un protocolo sistemático permiten mejorar la tasa de diagnósticos tardíos optimizando la evaluación diagnostica y el abordaje terapéutico.
Introduction: Blast injuries, due to their mechanism, involve different anatomical areas and result in severe trauma. In Colombia, the main situation causing blast injuries is war and terrorist attacks as well, since by decades, this country has been historically immersed in violence. Materials and method: Due to severity of lesions and involvement of different areas during such events, a protocol of care was designed and implemented, aiming to perform the following: 1) Patient Ìs primary and secondary evaluation according to the guidelines of the Advanced Trauma Life Support of the American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma. 2) A systematic evaluation by anatomical areas by the department of surgery, focusing in the examination of more common lesions described. 3) To carry out an evaluation of the specifi c injuries, according to related spe-cialties. For identifi cation of the most common injuries, we carried out a retrospective analysis of cases recorded during 5 years at Neiva University Hospital, a referral center for southwest Colombia. Results: During this period of time, in 35 treated patients, the most frequent anatomic areas involved were the lower limbs (60% of cases), abdomen (54,3%) and chest (42,9%). The overall group mortality was 9,1%. After implementation of the protocol, chances of evaluation by general surgery was improved. Six patients with late diagnosis prior to protocol implementation were identifi ed. Conclusion: This study showed that the implementation of a sequential review and a systematic protocol can improve the rate of late diagnosis by optimizing the diagnostic evaluation and the therapeutic approach.
Subject(s)
Blast Injuries , War-Related Injuries , Wounds and InjuriesABSTRACT
Se presenta un estudio descriptivo de 142 gestantes a las cuales se le practicó la interrupción del embarazo en el segundo trimestre entre las 14 y 24 semanas en el servicio de Ginecobstetricia del Hospital Provincial Docente Dr Antonio Luaces Iraola de Ciego de Ávila, durante el período comprendido entre el 1ro de enero del 2006 y el 31 de diciembre del 2007. El objetivo fue demostrar la eficacia del uso de 600 mg. de misoprostol como método de interrupción. Se confeccionó un formulario que recoge las principales variables a estudiar: edad, causas de la interrupción del embarazo, duración de la expulsión, dosis utilizadas, resultado del método y efectos adversos. Entre los principales resultados se encuentran las menores de 20 años con un 41.5 por ciento representaron el mayor por ciento. El 54 por ciento de las pacientes expulsaron con la segunda dosis. El 64 por ciento de las pacientes expulsaron en las primeras 24 horas, y el 89.4 por ciento lo había hecho a las 36 horas. En el 89.4 por ciento se logró un aborto completo. El 92.9 por ciento de las pacientes refirieron dolor en bajo vientre. Se concluye que el proceder es un método muy eficaz para la terminación de la gestación del segundo trimestre (AU)
A descriptive study of 142 pregnant women it´s presented to which they underwent second trimester pregnancy terminations between 14 and 24 weeks in Gyneco-Obstetric service from University Hospital Dr Antonio Luaces Iraola from Ciego de Avila, during January 1, 2006 and December 31, 2007. The aim was to demonstrate the efficacy of 600 mg. of misoprostol as an interruption method. A questionnaire was designed which includes the main study variables: age, causes of pregnancy termination, the duration of expulsion, doses, method result and adverse effects. The main results are women under 20 years with 41.5 percent, they represented. The higher percent (54 percent) of patients expelled with the second dose, 64 percent of patients expelled in 24 hours, and 89.4 percent of them did so within 36 hours. In 89.4 percent achieved a complete abortion, 92.9 percent of patients had pain in lower abdomen. It is concluded that the procedure is a very effective method for second trimester pregnancy terminations. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Misoprostol , Abortifacient Agents, Nonsteroidal , Abortion, Induced , Pregnancy Trimester, Second , Epidemiology, DescriptiveABSTRACT
Se presenta un estudio descriptivo de 142 gestantes a las cuales se le practicó la interrupción del embarazo en el segundo trimestre entre las 14 y 24 semanas en el servicio de Ginecobstetricia del Hospital Provincial Docente Dr Antonio Luaces Iraola de Ciego de Ávila, durante el período comprendido entre el 1ro de enero del 2006 y el 31 de diciembre del 2007. El objetivo fue demostrar la eficacia del uso de 600 mg. de misoprostol como método de interrupción. Se confeccionó un formulario que recoge las principales variables a estudiar: edad, causas de la interrupción del embarazo, duración de la expulsión, dosis utilizadas, resultado del método y efectos adversos. Entre los principales resultados se encuentran las menores de 20 años con un 41.5 por ciento representaron el mayor por ciento. El 54 por ciento de las pacientes expulsaron con la segunda dosis. El 64 por ciento de las pacientes expulsaron en las primeras 24 horas, y el 89.4 por ciento lo había hecho a las 36 horas. En el 89.4 por ciento se logró un aborto completo. El 92.9 por ciento de las pacientes refirieron dolor en bajo vientre. Se concluye que el proceder es un método muy eficaz para la terminación de la gestación del segundo trimestre.
A descriptive study of 142 pregnant women it´s presented to which they underwent second trimester pregnancy terminations between 14 and 24 weeks in Gyneco-Obstetric service from University Hospital Dr Antonio Luaces Iraola from Ciego de Avila, during January 1, 2006 and December 31, 2007. The aim was to demonstrate the efficacy of 600 mg. of misoprostol as an interruption method. A questionnaire was designed which includes the main study variables: age, causes of pregnancy termination, the duration of expulsion, doses, method result and adverse effects. The main results are women under 20 years with 41.5 percent, they represented. The higher percent (54 percent) of patients expelled with the second dose, 64 percent of patients expelled in 24 hours, and 89.4 percent of them did so within 36 hours. In 89.4 percent achieved a complete abortion, 92.9 percent of patients had pain in lower abdomen. It is concluded that the procedure is a very effective method for second trimester pregnancy terminations.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Abortifacient Agents, Nonsteroidal , Abortion, Induced , Misoprostol , Pregnancy Trimester, Second , Epidemiology, DescriptiveABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to estimate the frequency and course of substances use disorders in Latino patients with schizophrenia and to ascertain risk factors associated with substance use disorders in this population. METHOD: We studied 518 subjects with schizophrenia recruited for a genetic study from the Southwest United States, Mexico, and Central America (Costa Rica and Guatemala). Subjects were assessed using structured interviews and a best estimate consensus process. Logistic regression, chi(2), t test, Fisher's exact test, and Yates' correction, as appropriate, were performed to assess the sociodemographic variables associated with dual diagnosis. We defined substance use disorder as either alcohol or substance abuse or dependence. RESULTS: Out of 518 patients with schizophrenia, 121 (23.4%) had substance use disorders. Comorbid substance use disorders were associated with male gender, residence in the United States, immigration of Mexican men to the United States, history of depressive syndrome or episode, and being unemployed. The most frequent substance use disorder was alcohol abuse/dependence, followed by marijuana abuse/dependence, and solvent abuse/dependence. CONCLUSION: This study provides data suggesting that depressive episode or syndrome, unemployment, male gender, and immigration of Mexican men to the United States were factors associated with substance use disorder comorbidity in schizophrenia. Binary logistic regression showed that country of residence was associated with substance use disorder in schizophrenic patients. The percentage of subjects with comorbid substance use disorders was higher in the Latinos living in the United States compared with subjects living in Central America and Mexico.
Subject(s)
Family Health , Hispanic or Latino , Schizophrenia/epidemiology , Schizophrenia/genetics , Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology , Substance-Related Disorders/genetics , Adult , Age of Onset , Chi-Square Distribution , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Sex Factors , Southwestern United States/epidemiology , Substance-Related Disorders/classificationABSTRACT
Schizophrenia is a genetically complex illness with heterogeneous clinical presentation, including variable age of onset. In this study, the heritability, or proportion of variation in age of onset of psychotic symptoms due to genetic factors, was estimated using a maximum likelihood method. The subjects were 717 members of families with more than one member affected with schizophrenia from Mexican and Central American populations. Age of onset of psychosis was determined by best-estimate consensus diagnosis based on the Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies, Family Interview for Genetic Studies, and each subject's medical records. Mean age of onset was 21.44 years (SD 8.07); 20.55 years for males (SD 6.90), and 22.67 for females (SD 9.34). Variance components were estimated using a polygenic model in the SOLAR software package. The sex of the participant was a significant covariate (P = 0.010) accounting for 0.02 of the total variance in age of onset. The heritability of age of onset of psychosis was 0.33 (SE = 0.09; P = 0.00004). These findings suggest that genetic factors significantly contribute to the age of onset of psychotic symptoms in individuals with schizophrenia and that sex influences this trait as well.
Subject(s)
Psychotic Disorders/etiology , Schizophrenic Psychology , Adult , Age of Onset , Female , Humans , Male , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Psychotic Disorders/geneticsABSTRACT
Chromosome 18 abnormalities are associated with a range of physical abnormalities such as short stature and hearing impairments. Psychiatric manifestations have also been observed. This study focuses on the presentations of psychiatric syndromes as they relate to specific chromosomal abnormalities of chromosome 18. Twenty-five subjects (13 with an 18q deletion, 9 with 18p tetrasomy, and 3 with an 18p deletion), were interviewed by psychiatrists (blind to specific chromosomal abnormality) using the DIGS (subjects 18 and older) or KSADS-PL (subjects under 18). A consensus best estimation diagnostic process was employed to determine psychiatric syndromes. Oligonucleotide Array Comparative Genomic Hybridization (Agilent Technologies) was utilized to define specific regions of chromosome 18 that were deleted or duplicated. These data were further analyzed to determine critical regions of the chromosome as they relate to phenotypic manifestations in these subjects. 58.3% of the chromosome 18q- deletion subjects had depressive symptoms, 58.3% had anxiety symptoms, 25% had manic symptoms, and 25% had psychotic symptoms. 66.6% of the chromosome 18p- deletion subjects had anxiety symptoms, and none had depressive, manic, or psychotic symptoms. Fifty percent of the chromosome 18p tetrasomy subjects had anxiety symptoms, 12.5% had psychotic symptoms, and 12.5% had a mood disorder. All three chromosomal disorders were associated with high anxiety rates. Psychotic, manic and depressive disorders were seen mostly in 18q- subjects and this may be helpful in narrowing regions for candidate genes for these psychiatric conditions.
Subject(s)
Chromosome Aberrations , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18/genetics , Psychotic Disorders/genetics , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Chromosome Deletion , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Psychotic Disorders/diagnosis , Syndrome , Young AdultABSTRACT
We determined the rates of agreement between diagnoses, using the Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies (DIGS) and diagnoses arrived at, using additional sources of information, to establish whether there are differences in agreement between direct interview diagnoses at US and non-US sites in comparison best estimate consensus process and to identify diagnoses that could increase diagnostic error when only the DIGS is used. DIGS diagnoses were compared with consensus diagnoses that used the same DIGS interview, plus Family Interview for Genetic Studies (FIGS) and review of medical records in 342 psychotic subjects. We found similar numbers of subjects diagnosed with schizophrenia (225 by direct interview, and 232 by consensus process). The majority of those "misdiagnosed" by direct interview had mood disorder by the consensus. Over 10% of the total subjects diagnosed by direct interview as not meeting criteria for schizophrenia had schizophrenia by consensus. There were no statistically significant differences between countries (US vs. non-US sites) in the agreement rate between direct interview diagnosis and consensus diagnosis. In conclusion, a final best-estimate process is essential to make diagnostic distinctions and to reduce diagnostic misclassifications for both research studies and in clinical practice.