Postoperative scaphoid alignment, smoking, and avascular necrosis mostly influence union rate after scaphoid reconstruction: Results from a retrospective single center study involving 370 patients.

Current literature does not definitely demonstrate the superiority of any particular scaphoid reconstruction method. The primary goal of this retrospective single center study was to evaluate the influence of reconstruction techniques and other factors on the union rate after reconstruction of scaphoid nonunions. In the study, 370 patients with nonunions classified as stable (Mayo 1) or unstable (Mayo 2) depending on carpal alignment were included. Minimal radiological follow-up was 3 months. Bone healing after scaphoid reconstruction was evaluated using computer tomography scans in 294 and radiograms in 76 patients. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were applied in the analysis. Eight statistically significant factors that influenced the union rate were fixation method, type of previous operations, number of all operations, number of reconstructions, smoking, postoperative pathological lateral intrascaphoid angle (LISA>45°), avascular necrosis (AVN), and stability of nonunion. Smoking and postoperative LISA>45° significantly reduced the probability of bone fusion by approximately 4.4 and 9.5 times, respectively. Patients with reduced vascularity in the nonunion site had a 5.2 times lower chance of bone fusion. Our multivariate logistic regression model can explain 32% of failures after scaphoid reconstruction, including postoperative LISA>45°, patients' present record of smoking, and reduced vascularity in the nonunion site. However, bone graft type does not impact the union rate in general; however, in case of AVN, the tendency toward higher union rates was observed for medial femoral condyle free flaps when compared to other types of graft (non-vascularized and pedicled bone grafts considered as one group, p = 0.09).

An algorithmic diagnostic approach to scapholunate ligament injuries based on comparison of X-ray examinations and arthroscopy in 414 patients.

Conventional X-ray imaging is usually the first diagnostic assessment after clinical examination in case of suspected scapholunate interosseous ligament (SLIL) injury. Nevertheless, there is no consensus on the norms of the scapholunate distance (SLD) or carpal angles. Therefore, we aimed to determine the utility of static and dynamic radiographs in the diagnostic of an SLIL injury in comparison with the reference standard arthroscopy. We retrospectively analyzed the preoperative X-ray series and surgical records of arthroscopies of 414 patients. Radiological assessment included conventional static X-rays in the posteroanterior (PA) projection, clenched fist views in ulnar and radial deviations, in which the SLD at the midportion of the scapholunate (SL) joint was measured. The scapholunate angle (SLA) and radiolunate angle (RLA) were measured on lateral wrist radiographs. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were created to determine possible cut-off points of the radiological indices for the diagnosis of SLIL injury. Further, a logistic regression with the parameters having the highest area under the curve (AUC) was calculated. We found that SLD in ulnar inclination (AUC= 0.774), SLD in PA projection (AUC = 0.748), and SLA (AUC = 0.737) had the highest diagnostic value. The AUC of the combination of these three parameters was 0.822 for all patients with any SLIL lesion and 0.850 for patients with SLIL lesions of 3-4 Geissler grade. Further investigation of SLIL pathology would be appropriate in the case of SLD in ulnar inclination of 2.7 mm, SLD in PA projection of 1.9 mm and SLA of 63°.

[Technique of Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation for Severe Radiocarpal Arthrosis: Status Quo after 24 Months]. / Technik der autologen Chondrozytenimplantation bei ausgeprägter Radiokarpalarthrose: Status quo nach 24 Monaten.

We illustrate the operative technique of autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) to restore a 4° cartilage damage of the radius surface in the case of a 22-year-old patient, and report on the clinical and radiological results at 6 and 24 months postoperatively.

[Systematic analysis of the readability of patient information on the websites of clinics for plastic surgery]. / Systematische Analyse der Lesbarkeit von Patienteninformationen auf den Internetseiten von Kliniken für Plastische Chirurgie.

OBJECTIVE: The Internet is becoming increasing-ly important as a source of information for patients in medical issues. However, many patients have problems to adequately understand texts, especially with medical content. A basic requirement to understand a written text is the read-ability of a text. The aim of the present study was to examine texts on the websites of German -plastic-surgical hospitals with patient information regarding their readability. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, the read-ability of texts of 27 major departments of plastic and Hand surgery in Germany was systematically analysed using 5 recognised readability indices. First, texts were searched based on 20 representative key words and themes. Thereafter, texts were assigned to one of 3 major themes in order to enable statistical analysis. In addition to the 5 readability indices, further objective text parameters were also recorded. RESULTS: Overall, 288 texts were found for analyzation. Most articles were found on the topic of "handsurgery" (n=124), less were found for "facial plastic surgery" (n=80) and "flaps, breast and reconstructive surgery" (n=84). Consistently, all readability indices showed a poor readability for the vast majority of analysed texts with the text appearing readable only for readers with a higher educational level. No significant differences in readability were found between the 3 major themes. CONCLUSION: Especially in the communication of medical information, it is important to consider the knowledge and education of the addressee. The texts studied consistently showed a readability that is understandable only for academics. Thus, a large part of the intended target group is probably not reached. In order to adequately deliver online information material, a revision of the analysed internet texts appears to be recommendable.

[Traumatic rupture of a hydrogel-filled breast implant - a case for the Employer's Liability Insurance Association?]. / Traumatische Ruptur eines Hydrogel-Brustimplantates: Ein Fall für die Berufsgenossenschaft?

Today textured breast implants for augmentation and reconstruction are commonly used to reduce the incidence of capsular contractures. Despite modified surfaces, capsular contracture may occur as result of traumatic or iatrogenic ruptures of the implant along with discharge of filling material.We report the interesting case of a female patient with traumatic rupture of one prosthesis in an industrial accident 14 years after implantation of hydrogel-filled breast prostheses. As it was a work related accident, the Employer's Liability Insurance Association is responsible for covering the treatment. The patient history and the histological exam have proven that the accident was work related.

[Economic profit of different injuries in a centre for hand surgery - replantation vs. amputation]. / Ökonomischer Profit von Fingerverletzungen in einem handchirurgischen Zentrum - Replantation vs. Amputation.

INTRODUCTION: The Institute for Reimbursements in Hospital (InEK) annually provides an updated DRG system to ensure the medical service providers with a cost-covering remunera-tion. However, the underlying cost data are often opaque and disclosure of the basis of calculation does not take place. On the basis of cost and revenue data from our clinic between 2010 and 2012, a profit statement for amputations and replantation of one or more fingers was employed and compared with the nationwide data of the calculation clinics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Inpatient days, the revenue and the costs incurred in our clinic based on the cost matrix of InEK costing manual [4] were determined for amputation (DRG X05B), replantation of one (DRG X07B) and several fingers (DRG X07A). The profit was calculated as the difference between revenues and costs. Further-more, a comparison of our data with the nationwide data of InEK was applied. RESULTS: For each of the 3 DRGs the actual costs in our clinic were higher than the costs generated by InEK. Only amputation appeared profitable, while all limb-preserving interventions were associated with losses for our hospital. There was a clear discrepancy between the data of cost of InEK GmbH to the data of our clinic. CONCLUSION: In order not to create any monetary disincentives at the expense of quality of care of individual patients, a cost-covering patient care for all case groups mentioned above should be ensured. The general distrust in the InEK's data that results from such a discrepancy in the cost data can only be rebutted by increasing transparency and disclosure of the calculation basis.

Severe posttraumatic radiocarpal cartilage damage: first report of autologous chondrocyte implantation.

STUDY DESIGN: Case report. CLINICAL QUESTION: Traumatic articular cartilage defects predispose to secondary osteoarthritis accompanied by impairment or complete loss of function in the corresponding joint. On this account, the timely and correct diagnosis as well as the selection of an appropriate therapy for reconstruction of articular cartilage defects is important. METHODS: A 22-year-old healthy male patient with history of traumatic intra-articular distal radius fracture is presented with in the course detectable 4° cartilage damage in the fovea scaphoidea and into the fovea lunata. For the first time, autologous chondrocyte implantation by the use of an in situ polymerizable albumin-hyaluronic acid gel was performed to restore the articular cartilage. RESULTS: The assessment 6 months after autologous chondrocyte implantation using the standard DASH questionnaire for upper extremity pointed out an improvement in the patient outcome (DASH score pre-operative: 10.8 and 6 months post-operative: 7.5). The clinical examination also showed an improvement in the range of movement of the wrist without pain. The radiological control investigation (MRI- examination) of the wrist 6 months after implantation also revealed a good integration of the implant. CONCLUSION: The case presented here demonstrates the first use of autologous chondrocyte implantation for cartilage reconstruction using an in situ polymerizable albumin-hyaluronic acid gel after traumatic cartilage lesion with 4° cartilage damage of the wrist in a 22-year-old non-smoking, active and healthy man. Initial results are promising in terms of mobility, pain and patient outcome. However, further clinical studies have to be performed with larger number of cases.

[Angiogenesis and vascularisation in adipose tissue engineering]. / Angiogenese und Vaskularisation beim Tissue Engineering von Fettgewebe.

The current standard for the reconstruction of large soft tissue defects with exposed bone, nerves or blood vessels, for example after extensive tumor resections, complex injuries, severe burns or infections, is the local or free microsurgical tissue transfer. Despite the development of new surgical techniques and many synthetic materials, there are still a large number of limitations and complications at the donor and recipient site. Thus, in a subset of patients either complete treatment is not possible or poses problems. Therefore, there is a great need for the development of new methods and materials allowing for a permanent replacement with body own soft tissue. A promising therapeutic approach is the soft tissue replacement with autologous adipose tissue. Innovative research on the reconstruction of soft tissue by adipose tissue, and clinical and experimental studies on the long-term survival and transplantation of autologous adipose tissue showed that the free fat tissue graft without direct vascular connection come along with disappointing results. Often a loss of volume or a complete resorption of the graft because of insufficient tissue quality by lack of cell differentiation was observed. This fact points to the special role of the maintenance and development of the graft's blood supply (angiogenesis and vascularization) crucial for maintaining a constant volume of the tissue. The rapidly growing interdisciplinary field of tissue engineering offers alternative solutions to the existing treatment options with the aim to produce autologous adipose tissue, stable in volume in vitro as well as in vivo, which can be transplanted as a permanent tissue replacement to corresponding parts of the body. Numerous studies have demonstrated the important and most critical factor of vascularisation for quality, volume and long-term survival of transplanted newly generated adipose tissue constructs. Although our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of adipogenesis is still limited, there are clear indications that the complex sequences of cell interactions in the differentiation and proliferation of adipocytes is directly related to angiogenesis.