ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore the correlation between morphological patterns and multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) enhancement patterns in gallbladder cancer with locoregional infiltration among the Indian population. METHODOLOGY: This cross-sectional study was conducted across the pathology, surgery, and radiodiagnosis departments at Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi. It focused on patients diagnosed with gallbladder disorders during the study period, identified through clinical examination or MDCT. Each patient underwent a fasting computed tomography (CT) scan using a Philips Brilliance 40-slice MDCT scanner. A neutral oral contrast, consisting of 1200 ml of water and 300 ml of 20% w/v mannitol, was administered. Additionally, for two patients suspected of gallbladder perforation extending to the pyloric duodenal area, a 2% non-ionic water-soluble contrast agent was used. RESULTS: The study found no statistically significant association between intraluminal polypoidal growth and other infiltration sites. However, wall thickening was significantly associated with various infiltration sites, including the liver, colon, bile ducts, and vascular structures. A strong positive correlation was observed between portovenous hyperenhancement and all examined morphological patterns, with the most notable correlations found with non-contrast CT (NCCT) hypo-isoenhancement. Conversely, arterial hyperenhancement showed an inverse relationship with some morphological patterns, with correlation coefficients of -0.60 for intraluminal polypoidal growth versus gallbladder wall thickening and mass replacement of the gallbladder versus intraluminal polypoidal growth. CONCLUSION: Gallbladder cancer frequently leads to the replacement or damage of the gallbladder, with both focal and diffuse wall thickening being common findings. Hypo-isoenhancement was the most prevalent imaging pattern, while hyperenhancement was less common. Although intraluminal polypoidal growth did not significantly correlate with metastasis, wall thickening was significantly associated. These results emphasize the importance of specific imaging patterns in assessing the severity of gallbladder cancer and informing treatment strategies.
ABSTRACT
Limb body wall complex (LBWC), also known as body stalk anomaly, is a rare and lethal disorder of the anterior abdominal wall. It is characterized by a severe combination of congenital malformations in the fetus, including, abdomino- and/or thoracoschisis, exencephaly/encephalocele, limb deformities, and facial clefts. Short umbilical cord, abdominal placental attachment, and spinal anomalies are among other manifestations of this disorder. The cause of LBWC is still unknown. The main hypotheses include embryonic dysplasia, early amniotic rupture, and vascular accident during embryonic development. We present a case of LBWC that was detected prenatally on ultrasound (USG) imaging and later confirmed postnatally in a Rh-negative mother at the menstrual age of 14 weeks.
ABSTRACT
India is native to many tribal communities: Bharia (Madhya Pradesh), Bihl (Rajasthan), Santhal (Bihar, Jharkhand), Bodo (Assam, West Bengal), and many more. They reside in isolated geographical regions, which poses challenges in reaching out to them. In addition, they still have firm beliefs and taboos regarding menstruation. Knowledge about menstrual health and hygiene is one of the most important aspects of tribal health. Therefore, it is important to synthesize the results of menstrual hygiene data from the Indian tribal population. We have calculated the pooled prevalence of sanitary pad use, dustbin disposal, and hygienic reuse of menstrual materials. Online databases, namely PubMed, Cochrane Central, CINAHL, Pan African Journals, EBSCO, and Google Scholar, were searched. After the removal of duplicates, a quality check, and screening of cross-references, 19 articles were selected for final review. Statistical analysis was done by Revman 5.4 and STATA 17.0. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. PRISMA guidelines were followed. The protocol registration number was CRD42022331376. This is a non-funded article. The pooled prevalence of sanitary pad use in Indian tribal females was 2% (95% CI 1 to 3). The pooled prevalence of dustbin disposal of menstrual material was 1% (95% CI: 0.00 to 0.02). The pooled prevalence of hygienic reuse of menstrual materials was 1%. Sanitary menstrual hygiene practices are very less prevalent in Indian tribal females. Awareness programs and tribal health policies need to be accelerated for the promotion of menstrual hygiene. Also, literature on the use, disposal, and storage of menstrual adsorbents is scarce in Indian tribes. Health research in this area needs to be emphasized.