Subject(s)
Dermoid Cyst/genetics , Ectodermal Dysplasia/genetics , Eye Diseases/genetics , GTP Phosphohydrolases/genetics , Lipomatosis/genetics , Membrane Proteins/genetics , Neurocutaneous Syndromes/genetics , Dermoid Cyst/diagnostic imaging , Ectodermal Dysplasia/diagnostic imaging , Eye Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Lipomatosis/diagnostic imaging , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Mutation , Neurocutaneous Syndromes/diagnostic imagingABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Psoriatic lesions in the genital area (GenPs) can cause considerable physical and emotional distress. To increase physician awareness, we estimated the GenPs prevalence among patients with psoriasis. METHODS: An English language literature search was performed. Articles reporting GenPs prevalence met the search criteria and were included. Because GenPs is rarely reported in demographics of prospective clinical trials, GenPs prevalence and baseline demographics of patients with and without GenPs in two prospective randomized phase 3b trials (NCT02561806 and NCT02634801) involving patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis are reported. RESULTS: Overall, 600 references were screened. Eighteen articles met the search criteria. Patient populations were highly heterogeneous across articles. Broadly, the presence of GenPs was either physician-reported (physical examinations) or patient-reported (questionnaires). In the literature, GenPs prevalence at the time of reporting ranged from 7% to 42% and the prevalence of GenPs at any time during the course of psoriasis ranged from 33% to 63%. In the two prospective clinical trials, the prevalence of GenPs at the time of enrollment was 35-42%. CONCLUSION: A substantial proportion of patients experience genital lesions at some time during the course of psoriasis. Increased awareness of GenPs prevalence may drive improved assessment and treatment.
Subject(s)
Genitalia/pathology , Psoriasis/pathology , Adult , Humans , Prevalence , Prospective Studies , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Genital psoriasis is a neglected manifestation of psoriasis, although it affects numerous patients and has major effects on sexual quality of life (SQoL). We aimed to assess the value of specialised care for patients with genital psoriasis. Patients were treated for at least one year at a specialised research outpatient clinic with extensive attention for genital lesions and SQoL. The genital lesions were treated according to a stepwise algorithm. First follow-up was planned after 6 weeks; subsequent follow-up visits were scheduled every 3 months. At every visit, psoriasis severity and SQoL were measured with validated tools. Differences in scores between visits were analysed by a mixed model for repeated measures. Forty-two patients were included (M:F = 25:17). All objective and subjective genital psoriasis severity and QoL parameters improved significantly within the first follow-up period of approximately 6 weeks. In female patients, SQoL also significantly improved. In conclusion, genital psoriasis can relatively easy be treated within limited time exposure, resulting in significant improvement of QoL. Prompt and simple adjustments in the provided care are enough to accomplish this.
Subject(s)
Dermatologic Agents/administration & dosage , Genital Diseases, Female/drug therapy , Genital Diseases, Male/drug therapy , Psoriasis/drug therapy , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/administration & dosage , Algorithms , Calcineurin Inhibitors/administration & dosage , Cohort Studies , Critical Pathways , Drug Administration Schedule , Drug Therapy, Combination , Female , Genital Diseases, Female/diagnosis , Genital Diseases, Female/psychology , Genital Diseases, Male/diagnosis , Genital Diseases, Male/psychology , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Netherlands , Outpatient Clinics, Hospital , Psoriasis/diagnosis , Psoriasis/psychology , Quality of Life , Severity of Illness Index , Sexual Behavior , Surveys and Questionnaires , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome , Vitamin D/administration & dosage , Vitamin D/analogs & derivativesABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Renal transplant recipients have an increased risk to develop human papillomavirus (HPV)-related anogenital malignancies. A clinical overview of female anogenital posttransplantation malignancies and possible multifocal premalignancies over a period of 40 years renal transplantation is presented. Additionally, the genotype-specific prevalence of HPV in these (pre)malignancies was investigated. METHODS: Data of 1023 women, who underwent a renal transplantation between 1968 and 2008, were collected. Clinical data of all female renal transplant recipients who developed anogenital malignancies were retrospectively analyzed. The histology, cytology, and distribution of genotype-specific HPV infections were analyzed in all primary anogenital tumors and possible (multifocal) premalignancies. RESULTS: Sixteen anogenital malignancies (1.6%) were found: vulva (n=6), cervix (n=5), and anus (n=5). Twelve of 16 patients never had a cervical smear before transplantation. The median interval between transplantation and diagnosis of malignancy was 136 months (range, 16-288 months). High-risk HPV was detected in 91.7% of investigated lesions, HPV subtype 16 predominated (54.5%). Four of seven patients with two distinct anogenital lesions had different HPV types in the lesions. CONCLUSIONS: A high number of anogenital malignancies developed in our cohort, which are nearly all caused by HPV. Multifocal lesions within one patient frequently contained different high-risk HPV genotypes in both lesions. Our results underline the importance of anogenital screening and monitoring before and periodically after renal transplantation to prevent morbidity and mortality from anogenital malignancies.
Subject(s)
Anus Neoplasms/epidemiology , Genital Neoplasms, Female/epidemiology , Kidney Transplantation/adverse effects , Mass Screening/methods , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Anus Neoplasms/diagnosis , Anus Neoplasms/etiology , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Genital Neoplasms, Female/diagnosis , Genital Neoplasms, Female/etiology , Humans , Incidence , Kidney Failure, Chronic/surgery , Middle Aged , Netherlands/epidemiology , Prevalence , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Young AdultABSTRACT
This mini review describes human papillomavirus-related (pre)malignancies of the lower anogenital tract, for which female renal transplant recipients (RTRs) have a markedly increased risk. Until now, the implementation of intensified cervical cancer screening in RTRs is disappointing. We emphasize the need for improvement of cervical screening programs, combined with close inspection of the vulva and perianal area for potential lethal malignancies in RTRs.
Subject(s)
Anus Neoplasms/immunology , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/immunology , Early Detection of Cancer , Genital Neoplasms, Female/immunology , Kidney Transplantation/adverse effects , Papillomavirus Infections/immunology , Precancerous Conditions/immunology , Anus Neoplasms/diagnosis , Anus Neoplasms/epidemiology , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/diagnosis , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/epidemiology , Female , Genital Neoplasms, Female/diagnosis , Genital Neoplasms, Female/epidemiology , Human papillomavirus 16/immunology , Human papillomavirus 18/isolation & purification , Humans , Immunosuppressive Agents/administration & dosage , Immunosuppressive Agents/adverse effects , Kidney Transplantation/immunology , Papillomavirus Infections/diagnosis , Papillomavirus Infections/epidemiology , Precancerous Conditions/diagnosis , Precancerous Conditions/epidemiology , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/diagnosis , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/epidemiology , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/immunologyABSTRACT
It is well known that the genital skin may be affected by psoriasis. However, little is known about the prevalence and clinical appearance of genital psoriasis, and genital skin is often neglected in the treatment of psoriatic patients. We performed an extensive systematic literature search for evidence-based data on genital psoriasis with respect to epidemiology, aetiology, clinical and histopathological presentation, diagnosis and treatment. Three bibliographical databases (PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library) were used as data sources. Fifty-nine articles on genital psoriasis were included. The results show that psoriasis frequently affects the genital skin, but that evidence-based data with respect to the efficacy and safety of treatments for genital psoriasis are extremely limited. An advised treatment paradigm for genital psoriasis, based on the levels of evidence, is: first-line: (weak) topical corticosteroids; second-line: vitamin D preparations or tar-based treatments.
Subject(s)
Genital Diseases, Female , Genital Diseases, Male , Psoriasis , Female , Genital Diseases, Female/diagnosis , Genital Diseases, Female/pathology , Genital Diseases, Female/therapy , Genital Diseases, Male/diagnosis , Genital Diseases, Male/therapy , Humans , Male , Psoriasis/diagnosis , Psoriasis/pathology , Psoriasis/therapy , Skin/pathologyABSTRACT
Lichen sclerosus (LS) is a chronic skin disorder mostly seen on the female anogenital skin. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of life (QoL) and sexuality in female patients with LS and to compare their scores with healthy controls. In addition, we wanted to find factors associated with impaired sexual functioning in patients with LS. Members of the Dutch LS foundation and support group were asked to fill in three questionnaires: the Dermatology Quality of Life Index, Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and Female Sexual Distress Scale (FSDS). 215 of 368 patients returned their questionnaire (58.4%). Their scores were compared to a control group which consisted of 61 women of similar age (pâ=â0.472) without a skin disorder. Of all domains of QoL, LS interfered most with sexual functioning. Patients significantly scored lower on all subscales of the FSFI (desire (pâ=â0.016), arousal (pâ<â0.001), lubrication (pâ<â0.001), orgasm (pâ<â0.001), satisfaction (pâ<â0.001) and pain (pâ<â0.001), indicating worse sexual functioning. These problems with sexual functioning brought about significant sexual distress (pâ<â0.001). Patients who experienced more influence on their QoL had more sexual difficulties, leading to more sexual distress independent of their age.
Subject(s)
Quality of Life/psychology , Sexual Behavior/psychology , Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological/etiology , Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological/psychology , Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus/complications , Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus/psychology , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Lichen Sclerosus et Atrophicus/complications , Lichen Sclerosus et Atrophicus/physiopathology , Lichen Sclerosus et Atrophicus/psychology , Male , Middle Aged , Netherlands , Research Design , Self-Help Groups , Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological/physiopathology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus/physiopathologyABSTRACT
SUMMARY: Immunosuppressive therapy in renal transplant recipients (RTRs) is associated with an increased risk for the development of (pre)malignancies involving the skin and the female lower genital tract. We assessed whether yearly cervical screening was performed and evaluated the development of skin cancer and gynaecological (pre)malignancies in RTRs. Female RTRs (n = 224), transplanted between 1991 and 1995, were analysed retrospectively. Sociodemographic patient characteristics, frequency and results of cervical smears and prevalence of cutaneous, cervical, vaginal or vulvar (pre)malignancies were investigated and compared with that in the general population. A mean of 0.2 cervical smears per patient per year was found to have been performed in RTRs, which is significantly less than the recommended screening ratio of 1.0 for female RTRs (P < 0.001). The risk for RTRs to develop malignancies of the female lower genital tract was increased: twofold to sixfold for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, threefold for cervical carcinoma and 50-fold for vulvar carcinoma. Cervical screening is not performed in accordance with the advised yearly intervals, and the risk for RTRs to develop vulvar and cervical (pre)malignancies is increased. More attention should be paid to the vulvar and cervical surveillance of RTRs by both medical specialists and general physicians.
