[Hg Content Characteristics and Safe Planting Zoning of Paddy Soil and Rice in Guizhou Province].

Guizhou Province ranks first in terms of Hg reserves and production in the country, and rice is its largest grain crop. In order to study the characteristics and pollution causes of soil-rice Hg content at the provincial level in Guizhou and to carry out safe planting zoning, 1 564 pairs of soil-rice samples, 470 natural soil samples, and 203 individual paddy soil samples were collected to test their Hg content and basic physical and chemical properties of the soil. The results showed that:① Paddy soil was mainly neutral and acidic, the paddy soil ω (Hg) range was 0.005-93.06 mg·kg-1, and the geometric mean was 0.864 mg·kg-1. The Hg content of paddy soil in Guizhou Province was significantly higher than that in natural soil (0.16 mg·kg-1,P < 0.05). Compared with the filtered value and control value, the soil samples exceeded the standard by 63.25% and 14.71%, respectively. Among them, the soil Hg pollution in Danzhai County of Qiandongnan Prefecture, Wuchuan County of Zunyi City, Zhenfeng County of Qianxinan Prefecture, and Wanshan District of Tongren City was more prominent. ② Rice ω(Hg) ranged from 0.000 5 to 0.52 mg·kg-1, and the geometric mean was 0.010 mg·kg-1, the percentage of rice Hg content exceeding the standard was 25.87%, and the exceeding points were mainly distributed in Suiyang County of Zunyi City, Zhenfeng County of Qianxinan Prefecture, Xixiu District of Anshun City, Bijiang District of Tongren City, and other industrial and mining activity-intensive areas. ③ The majority of the study area was in the priority protection category (74.75%); the safe use category accounted for (24.62%); and the strictly controlled category (0.93%) was scattered in Danzhai County at the border between Qiannan Prefecture and Qiandongnan Prefecture, Zhenfeng County in Qianxinan Prefecture, and Wanshan District in Tongren. It is not recommended to plant rice, which can be used as feed for reproduction.

Study on the Role and Mechanism of METTL3 Mediating the Up-regulation of m6A Modified Long Non-coding RNA THAP7-AS1 in Promoting the Occurrence of Lung Cancer / 中国肺癌杂志

BACKGROUND@#Lung cancer is a major threat to human health. The molecular mechanisms related to the occurrence and development of lung cancer are complex and poorly known. Exploring molecular markers related to the development of lung cancer is helpful to improve the effect of early diagnosis and treatment. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) THAP7-AS1 is known to be highly expressed in gastric cancer, but has been less studied in other cancers. The aim of the study is to explore the role and mechanism of methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) mediated up-regulation of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modified lncRNA THAP7-AS1 expression in promoting the development of lung cancer.@*METHODS@#Samples of 120 lung cancer and corresponding paracancerous tissues were collected. LncRNA microarrays were used to analyze differentially expressed lncRNAs. THAP7-AS1 levels were detected in lung cancer, adjacent normal tissues and lung cancer cell lines by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The diagnostic value of THAP7-AS1 in lung cancer and the relationship between THAP7-AS1 expression and survival rate and clinicopathological parameters were analyzed. Bioinformatics analysis, methylated RNA immunoprecipitation (meRIP), RNA pull-down and RNA-immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay were used to investigate the molecular regulation mechanism of THAP7-AS1. Cell proliferation, migration, invasion and tumorigenesis of SPC-A-1 and NCI-H1299 cells were determined by MTS, colony-formation, scratch, Transwell and xenotransplantation in vivo, respectively. Expression levels of phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kenase B (PI3K/AKT) signal pathway related protein were detected by Western blot.@*RESULTS@#Expression levels of THAP7-AS1 were higher in lung cancer tissues and cell lines (P<0.05). THAP7-AS1 has certain diagnostic value in lung cancer [area under the curve (AUC)=0.737], and its expression associated with overall survival rate, tumor size, tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage and lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). METTL3-mediated m6A modification enhanced THAP7-AS1 expression. The cell proliferation, migration, invasion and the volume and mass of transplanted tumor were all higher in the THAP7-AS1 group compared with the NC group and sh-NC group of SPC-A-1 and NCI-H1299 cells, while the cell proliferation, migration and invasion were lower in the sh-THAP7-AS1 group (P<0.05). THAP7-AS1 binds specifically to Cullin 4B (CUL4B). The cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and expression levels of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA), phosphoinositide-3 kinase, catalytic subunit delta (PIK3CD), phospho-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (p-PI3K), phospho-protein kinase B (p-AKT) and phospho-mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR) were higher in the THAP7-AS1 group compared with the Vector group of SPC-A-1 and NCI-H1299 cells (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#LncRNA THAP7-AS1 is stably expressed through m6A modification mediated by METTL3, and combines with CUL4B to activate PI3K/AKT signal pathway, which promotes the occurrence and development of lung cancer.

Correlation between Combined Urinary Metal Exposure and Grip Strength under Three Statistical Models: A Cross-sectional Study in Rural Guangxi / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#This study aimed to investigate the potential relationship between urinary metals copper (Cu), arsenic (As), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), iron (Fe), lead (Pb) and manganese (Mn) and grip strength.@*METHODS@#We used linear regression models, quantile g-computation and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) to assess the relationship between metals and grip strength.@*RESULTS@#In the multimetal linear regression, Cu (β = -2.119), As (β = -1.318), Sr (β = -2.480), Ba (β = 0.781), Fe (β = 1.130) and Mn (β = -0.404) were significantly correlated with grip strength ( P < 0.05). The results of the quantile g-computation showed that the risk of occurrence of grip strength reduction was -1.007 (95% confidence interval: -1.362, -0.652; P < 0.001) when each quartile of the mixture of the seven metals was increased. Bayesian kernel function regression model analysis showed that mixtures of the seven metals had a negative overall effect on grip strength, with Cu, As and Sr being negatively associated with grip strength levels. In the total population, potential interactions were observed between As and Mn and between Cu and Mn ( P interactions of 0.003 and 0.018, respectively).@*CONCLUSION@#In summary, this study suggests that combined exposure to metal mixtures is negatively associated with grip strength. Cu, Sr and As were negatively correlated with grip strength levels, and there were potential interactions between As and Mn and between Cu and Mn.

Research progress of traditional Chinese medicine monomer and compound intervention on the Wnt signaling pathway in regulating bone metabolism / 中国药房

Bone metabolism refers to the decomposition and anabolism occurring during bone remodeling， and its balance is regulated by bone resorption and bone formation. A slight deviation of this balance causes various skeletal diseases， such as osteoporosis and renal osteodystrophy. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） monomers and compounds have certain advantages in treating bone metabolism diseases. The Wnt signaling pathway includes the canonical Wnt signaling pathway， dependent on β-catenin， and the non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway， independent of β-catenin. Both types of pathways can maintain bone metabolism balance by regulating bone formation and bone resorption and are essential for bone development， bone mass maintenance， and bone remodeling. A variety of TCM monomers （albiflorin， catalpol and icariin） and formulas （Zuogui pill， Yishen gugu prescription， Duzhong jiangu prescription， etc.） have been confirmed to promote differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells， proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts， bone injury repair， and osteoporosis improvement by activating the Wnt signaling pathway in recent years. Here， this article summarizes the research progress in the Wnt signaling pathway regulation of bone metabolism by TCM monomers and compounds to provide ideas for the clinical application of TCM and the research and development of new drugs for the prevention and treatment of bone metabolism diseases.

Non-canonical function of histone methyltransferase G9a in the translational regulation of chronic inflammation.

We report a novel translation-regulatory function of G9a, a histone methyltransferase and well-understood transcriptional repressor, in promoting hyperinflammation and lymphopenia; two hallmarks of endotoxin tolerance (ET)-associated chronic inflammatory complications. Using multiple approaches, we demonstrate that G9a interacts with multiple translation regulators during ET, particularly the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methyltransferase METTL3, to co-upregulate expression of certain m6A-modified mRNAs that encode immune-checkpoint and anti-inflammatory proteins. Mechanistically, G9a promotes m6A methyltransferase activity of METTL3 at translational/post-translational level by regulating its expression, its methylation, and its cytosolic localization during ET. Additionally, from a broader view extended from the G9a-METTL3-m6A translation regulatory axis, our translatome proteomics approach identified numerous "G9a-translated" proteins that unite the networks associated with inflammation dysregulation, T cell dysfunction, and systemic cytokine response. In sum, we identified a previously unrecognized function of G9a in protein-specific translation that can be leveraged to treat ET-related chronic inflammatory diseases.

[Low Accumulation Characteristics of Sweet-waxy Maize in Pb and Cd Complex Contaminated Soils Based on Field Trials].

To screen out sweet-waxy maize varieties with low accumulation characteristics suitable for planting in lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) complex contaminated soils, 39 maize varieties were selected, and the enrichment characteristics and differences of grains and straws on Pb and Cd were studied through field trials. Maize yield, bioaccumulation factors, and soil Pb and Cd risk thresholds were used as evaluation indicators for screening low accumulation maize varieties. The results showed that there were significant differences between the yield and Pb and Cd contents in grains and straws of different varieties of maize (P<0.05). Bioaccumulation factors of grains for Pb and Cd were in the range of 0.00003-0.00230 and 0.01-0.15, respectively, and those of straws for Pb and Cd were in the range of 0.003-0.065 and 0.64-4.28, respectively. Through the cluster analysis of bioaccumulation factors, the soil Pb and Cd risk thresholds of different varieties of maize were comprehensively obtained:Huitian 5, Xinmeitian 818, and Yunuo 9 could be safely produced in the farmland with Pb and Cd content exceeding the risk control value, and Tianguinuo 937 and Jinwannuo 2000 could be safely produced in the farmland with Cd content exceeding the risk screening value. Huitian 5, Xinmeitian 818, and Yunuo 9, as low Pb and Cd accumulation varieties, were suitable to be popularized on Pb and Cd polluted soil in Guangxi, China. Tianguinuo 937 and Jinwannuo 2000, as low grain and high Cd accumulation varieties, are suggested to be used as phytoremediation resources.

Missense Mutation in Human CHD4 Causes Ventricular Noncompaction by Repressing ADAMTS1.

BACKGROUND: Left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) is a prevalent cardiomyopathy associated with excessive trabeculation and thin compact myocardium. Patients with LVNC are vulnerable to cardiac dysfunction and at high risk of sudden death. Although sporadic and inherited mutations in cardiac genes are implicated in LVNC, understanding of the mechanisms responsible for human LVNC is limited. METHODS: We screened the complete exome sequence database of the Pediatrics Cardiac Genomics Consortium and identified a cohort with a de novo CHD4 (chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 4) proband, CHD4M202I, with congenital heart defects. We engineered a humanized mouse model of CHD4M202I (mouse CHD4M195I). Histological analysis, immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, transmission electron microscopy, and echocardiography were used to analyze cardiac anatomy and function. Ex vivo culture, immunopurification coupled with mass spectrometry, transcriptional profiling, and chromatin immunoprecipitation were performed to deduce the mechanism of CHD4M195I-mediated ventricular wall defects. RESULTS: CHD4M195I/M195I mice developed biventricular hypertrabeculation and noncompaction and died at birth. Proliferation of cardiomyocytes was significantly increased in CHD4M195I hearts, and the excessive trabeculation was associated with accumulation of ECM (extracellular matrix) proteins and a reduction of ADAMTS1 (ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 1), an ECM protease. We rescued the hyperproliferation and hypertrabeculation defects in CHD4M195I hearts by administration of ADAMTS1. Mechanistically, the CHD4M195I protein showed augmented affinity to endocardial BRG1 (SWI/SNF-related, matrix-associated, actin-dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily A, member 4). This enhanced affinity resulted in the failure of derepression of Adamts1 transcription such that ADAMTS1-mediated trabeculation termination was impaired. CONCLUSIONS: Our study reveals how a single mutation in the chromatin remodeler CHD4, in mice or humans, modulates ventricular chamber maturation and that cardiac defects associated with the missense mutation CHD4M195I can be attenuated by the administration of ADAMTS1.

STING Suppresses Mitochondrial VDAC2 to Govern RCC Growth Independent of Innate Immunity.

STING is an innate immune sensor for immune surveillance of viral/bacterial infection and maintenance of an immune-friendly microenvironment to prevent tumorigenesis. However, if and how STING exerts innate immunity-independent function remains elusive. Here, the authors report that STING expression is increased in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients and governs tumor growth through non-canonical innate immune signaling involving mitochondrial ROS maintenance and calcium homeostasis. Mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion channel VDAC2 is identified as a new STING binding partner. STING depletion potentiates VDAC2/GRP75-mediated MERC (mitochondria-ER contact) formation to increase mitochondrial ROS/calcium levels, impairs mitochondria function, and suppresses mTORC1/S6K signaling leading to RCC growth retardation. STING interaction with VDAC2 occurs through STING-C88/C91 palmitoylation and inhibiting STING palmitoyl-transferases ZDHHCs by 2-BP significantly impedes RCC cell growth alone or in combination with sorafenib. Together, these studies reveal an innate immunity-independent function of STING in regulating mitochondrial function and growth in RCC, providing a rationale to target the STING/VDAC2 interaction in treating RCC.

HSP90ß chaperoning SMURF1-mediated LATS proteasomal degradation in the regulation of bone formation.

Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) molecular chaperone is responsible for the stabilization and biological activity of a diverse set of client proteins. We have previously demonstrated that inhibition of HSP90 by 17-Demethoxy-17-allyaminogeldanmycin (17-AAG) not only reverses the glucocorticoid-induced bone loss but also enhances the basal level of bone mass in mice. Here, we investigate the potential mechanism underlying HSP90-associated osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. Knockdown of HSP90ß but not HSP90α or inhibition of HSP90 by 17-AAG or NVP-BEP800 negates the protein levels of large tumor suppressor (LATS), the core kinases of Hippo signaling, resulting in the inactivation of LATS and activation of Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ), in the enhancement of osteoblastic differentiation. In contrast, genetic ablation of Lats1 in mesenchymal stem cells is sufficient to abolish the HSP90 inhibition-induced osteoblastic differentiation and bone formation. Mechanistically, HSP90ß but not HSP90α chaperones and prevents the SMAD specific E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 (SMURF1)-mediated and ubiquitination-dependent LATS protein proteasomal degradation, whereas 17-AAG abolishes these effects of HSP90ß. Thus, these results uncover the HSP90ß chaperoning SMURF1-mediated LATS protein proteasomal degradation and the subsequent YAP/TAZ activation as a hitherto uncharacterized mechanism controlling osteoblastic differentiation and bone formation.

Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Five Indoles or Indazole Amide Synthetic Cannabinoids in Suspected E-Cigarette Oil by GC-MS / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To establish the GC-MS qualitative and quantitative analysis methods for the synthetic cannabinoids, its main matrix and additives in suspicious electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) oil samples.@*METHODS@#The e-cigarette oil samples were analyzed by GC-MS after diluted with methanol. Synthetic cannabinoids, its main matrix and additives in e-cigarette oil samples were qualitatively analyzed by the characteristic fragment ions and retention time. The synthetic cannabinoids were quantitatively analyzed by using the selective ion monitoring mode.@*RESULTS@#The linear range of each compound in GC-MS quantitative method was 0.025-1 mg/mL, the matrix recovery rate was 94%-103%, the intra-day precision relative standard deviations (RSD) was less than 2.5%, and inter-day precision RSD was less than 4.0%. Five indoles or indazole amide synthetic cannabinoids were detected in 25 e-cigarette samples. The main matrixes of e-cigarette samples were propylene glycol and glycerol. Additives such as N,2,3-trimethyl-2-isopropyl butanamide (WS-23), glycerol triacetate and nicotine were detected in some samples. The content range of synthetic cannabinoids in 25 e-cigarette samples was 0.05%-2.74%.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The GC-MS method for synthesizing cannabinoid, matrix and additive in e-cigarette oil samples has good selectivity, high resolution, low detection limit, and can be used for simultaneous qualitative and quantitative analysis of multiple components; The explored fragment ion fragmentation mechanism of the electron bombardment ion source of indole or indoxamide compounds helps to identify such substances or other compounds with similar structures in cases.

Effect of Polygonati Rhizoma in improving pyroptosis injury of diabetic macroangiopathy via NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD pathway / 中国中药杂志

This study aims to explore the influence of Polygonati Rhizoma on the pyroptosis in the rat model of diabetic macroangiopathy via the NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3(NLRP3)/cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-1(caspase-1)/gasdermin D(GSDMD) pathway. The rat model of diabetes was established by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin(STZ) combined with a high-fat, high-sugar diet. The blood glucose meter, fully automated biochemical analyzer, hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot were employed to measure blood glucose levels, lipid levels, vascular thickness, inflammatory cytokine levels, and expression levels of pyroptosis-related proteins. The mechanism of pharmacological interventions against the injury in the context of diabetes was thus explored. The results demonstrated the successful establishment of the model of diabetes. Compared with the control group, the model group showed elevated levels of fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol(TC), triglycerides(TG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-c), lowered level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-c), thickened vascular intima, and elevated serum and aorta levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-1β(IL-1β) and interleukin-18(IL-18). Moreover, the model group showed increased NLRP3 inflammasomes and up-regulated levels of caspase-1 and GSDMD in aortic vascular cells. Polygonati Rhizoma intervention reduced blood glucose and lipid levels, inhibited vascular thickening, lowered the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-18 in the serum and aorta, attenuated NLRP3 inflammasome expression, and down-regulated the expression levels of caspase-1 and GSDMD, compared with the model group. In summary, Polygonati Rhizoma can slow down the progression of diabetic macroangiopathy by inhibiting pyroptosis and alleviating local vascular inflammation.

Two new sesquiterpenes in Qi-nan Aquilariae Lignum Resinatum / 中国中药杂志

This study aimed to investigate the chemical constituents of supercritical extract from Qi-nan Aquilariae Lignum Resinatum by silica gel column chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, and semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography. One new elemane-type and one new eudesmane-type sesquiterpene compounds were isolated from the extract, and their structures were identified by MS, UV, IR, NMR, and ECD spectroscopic techniques, and named aquqinanol C(1) and aquqinanol D(2). Both compounds are novel compounds. The neuroprotective effect of the compounds on CORT-induced PC12 cell damage was determined in vitro. The results showed that compounds 1 and 2 exhibited a certain protective effect against CORT-induced damage in PC12 cells.

Research Progress in the Regulation of Follicle Development by Melatonin / 中国医学科学院学报

Melatonin,an endocrine hormone synthesized by the pineal gland,plays an important role in the reproduction.The growth and development of follicles is the basis of female mammalian fertility.Follicles have a high concentration of melatonin.Melatonin receptors exist on ovarian granulosa cells,follicle cells,and oocytes.It regulates the growth and development of these cells and the maturation and atresia of follicles,affecting female fertility.This paper reviews the protective effects and regulatory mechanisms of melatonin on the development of ovarian follicles,granulosa cells,and oocytes and makes an outlook on the therapeutic potential of melatonin for ovarian injury,underpinning the clinical application of melatonin in the future.

Scientific, transparent and applicable rankings of Chinese guidelines and consensus of rehabilitation medicine published in medical journals in 2022 / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo evaluate the Chinese guidelines and consensus of rehabilitation medicine published in the medical journals in 2022 using Scientific, Transparent and Applicable Rankings (STAR). MethodsGuidelines and consensus which were developed by Chinese institutions or led by Chinese scholars were retrieved in databases of CNKI, Wanfang Data, CBM, Chinese Medical Journal Network, PubMed and Web of Science, in 2022, followed by screening for rehabilitation medicine field. The literature were rated with STAR. ResultsSeven guidelines and eleven consensuses were included. The STAR scores ranged from 11.7 to 69.6, with a median score of 25.9 and mean score of 28.3. There was a significant difference in the total score between guidelines and consensus (U = 12.000, P = 0.014). The score ratio was high in the domains of recommendations (73.6%), evidence (39.5%) and others (33.3%), while it was low in the domains of protocol (1.4%), clinical questions (12.5%) and conflicts of interest (13.9%). The score ratio was high in the items of listing the institutional affiliations of all individuals involved in developing the guideline (94.4%), identifying the references for evidence supporting the main recommendations (94.4%), indicating the considerations (e.g., adverse effects) in clinical practice when implementing the recommendations (88.9%), and making the recommendations clearly identifiable, e.g., in a table, or using enlarged or bold fonts (75%); and it was low in the items of describing the role of funder(s) in the guideline development (0), indicating information about the evaluation and management of conflicts of interest (0), providing tailored editions of the guidelines for different groups of target users (0), presenting the guideline or recommendations visually, such as with figures or videos (0), providing details of the guideline protocol (2.8%), assessing the risk of bias or methodological quality of the included studies (2.8%), describing the responsibilities of all individuals or sub-groups involved in developing the guideline (5.6%), indicating how the clinical questions were selected and sorted (5.6%), formating clinical questions in PICO or other formats (5.6%), making the guideline accessible through multiple platforms (5.6%), and declaring that the funder(s) did not influence the guideline's recommendations (8.3%). ConclusionThe quality of current clinical practice guidelines and consensus of rehabilitation medicine is poor, which should be developed in accordance with the relevant standards.

Pharmaceutical care in a case of myocardial infarction complicated with antithrombotic therapy after tricuspid valve repair / 药学实践杂志

Objective To investigate the antithrombotic therapy for acute myocardial infarction patients after PCI stenting combined with tricuspid valve repair. Methods The risk of bleeding and embolization was evaluated, relevant data were reviewed, professional knowledges of pharmacy were utilized through the whole treatment process, individualized medication plan for patients was designed and used. Results A better therapeutic effect was achieved through the implementation of pharmaceutical care and medication education to the patients. Conclusion Clinical pharmacists carry out pharmaceutical care in antithrombotic drugs utilities，which could improve the safety level of drug use and provide basis for clinical rational drug use.

Safety and immunogenicity of freeze-dried rabies vaccine (Vero-cells) for human use in healthy people aged 9-65 years / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective: To assess the safety and immunogenicity of freeze-dried rabies vaccine (Vero-cells) for human use on different immunization procedures in healthy people aged 9-65 years. Methods: A randomized, blind, positive-controlled clinical study was conducted in March 2015. The eligible residents aged 9-65 were recruited in Dengfeng city and Biyang County, Henan Province. A total of 1 956 subjects were enrolled. The subjects were randomly (1∶1∶1) assigned to 5-dose control group, 4-dose trial group and 5-dose trial group, with 652 subjects in each group. The subjects of 5-dose control group were immunized with control vaccine on days 0, 3, 7, 14 and 28. The subjects of 4-dose trial group were immunized with trial vaccine on days 0, 7 and 21 (2-1-1 phases) and the subjects of 5-dose trial group were immunized with trial vaccine on days 0, 3, 7, 14 and 28. A combination of regular follow-up and active reporting was used to observe local and systemic adverse reactions till 30 days after the first and full immunization, and the incidence rate of adverse reactions in three groups was analyzed and compared. The venous blood was collected before the first immunization, 7 days after the first immunization, 14 days after the first immunization and 14 days after the full immunization. The neutralizing antibody of rabies virus was detected by rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test (RFFIT), and the seropositive conversion rate and geometric mean concentration (GMC) of antibody were calculated. Results: The adverse reaction rates in 5-dose control group, 4-dose trial group and 5-dose trial group were 41.87% (273/652), 35.43% (231/652) and 34.97% (228/652), respectively. The adverse reaction rates of 4-dose trial group and 5-dose trial group were lower than those of the 5-dose control group (P<0.05). The local reactions were mainly pain, itching, swelling and redness in injection site, while the systemic reactions were mainly fever, fatigue, headache and muscle pain. The severity of adverse reactions was mainly mild (level 1), accounting for 85.33% (518/607), 89.02% (373/419) and 88.96% (427/480) of the total number of adverse reactions in each group. At 14 days after the first immunization and 14 days after the full immunization, the antibody positive conversion rates of three groups were all 100%. At 7 days, 14 days after the first immunization and 14 days after the full immunization, the GMCs of three groups were 0.60, 0.72, 0.59 IU/ml, 20.42, 23.99, 24.38 IU/ml and 22.95, 23.52, 24.72 IU/ml, respectively, with no significant difference (P>0.05). Conclusion: The freeze-dried rabies vaccine (Vero-cells) for human use has good safety and immunogenicity when inoculated according to 5-dose and 4-dose immunization procedures.

Research progress of microparticles in traditional Chinese medicine decoction / 药学学报

Decoction is a classical dosage form of traditional Chinese medicines. In the process of decocting, various complex components produce physical interactions and chemical reactions, among which physical interactions include van der Waals force, hydrogen bond, electrostatic interaction, π-π stacking, etc., and chemical reactions include Maillard reaction, oxidation reaction, hydrolysis reaction, degradation reaction, polymerization reaction, etc. New substances and original ingredients from chemical reactions can be further activated. These effects form the basis of particle formation in the broth. The sizes of the particles in decoctions range from nanoscale to micron scale, mostly composed of polysaccharide, protein matrix, wrapped in water insoluble molecules, can increase the dispersion of insoluble components and the stability of unstable components, as well as reduce the volatile components and toxic components of volatile components, and ultimately achieve the purpose of efficient absorption and toxicity reduction. From the angle of physical change and chemical reaction in the process of decoction, this paper expounds the formation mechanism of particles in decoction, expounds the research method of particles, analyzes the components in particles and the interaction between components, and then explains the pharmacodynamic characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine decoction, which provides the foundation for the modernization of Chinese decoction.