Diagnóstico da segurança alimentar e nutricional dos beneficiários do programa Bolsa Familia, Vitória da Conquista (BA) / Diagnosis of the food and nutritional security of the beneficiaries of the Bolsa Família program, Vitória da Conquista (BA)

Dessa forma, esta pesquisa buscou desvelar os impactos do Programa Bolsa Família (PBF) nas condições de segurança alimentar e nutricional dos beneficiários alocados no município de Vitória da Conquista (BA). Estudo de delineamento transversal sobre segurança alimentar e nutricional dos beneficiários do PBF, Vitória da Conquista (BA), no período de setembro a dezembro de 2015. (AU)

Candida spp na saliva de usuários de prótese total convencional e prótese total acrílica fixa sobre implantes / Candida spp in the saliva of users of conventional removable denture and implant-supported fixed denture

O objetivo desse trabalho foi isolar leveduras do gêneroCandida de amostras da saliva de pacientes usuários de prótese total convencional e prótese total acrílica fixa sobre implantes, atendidos em um consultório particular do município de Vitória da Conquista-BA. Os dados foram coletados a partir de 20 amostras, sendo 10 de prótese total convencional e 10 de prótese total fixa sobre implantes. UmμL de cada amostra foi semeada com alça de Drigaslski em ágar Sabouraud dextrose com cloranfenicol em duplicata e, em seguida, foram incubadas a 35°C±2/ 24h e mais 5 dias à temperatura ambiente para verificação de crescimento de unidades formadoras de colônia por mililitro (UFC.mL-1). Os dados obtidos em UFC.mL-1 foram transformados em logaritmo (Log) e submetidos tanto à análise descritiva quanto ao teste estatístico ANOVA (5%). Com base na análise estatística realizada não houve diferença para valores de p> 0,05, foi observado no grupo de usuários com prótese total removível (médialog = 1,65 UFC.mL-1, desvio padrão ± 0,52) e nas amostras de usuários de prótese total fixa (médialog = 2,01 UFC.mL-1 desvio padrão ± 0,60 ). Foram encontrados micro-organismos do gênero Candida em ambos os grupos, não havendo diferença estatística entre eles...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of Candida spp in samples of saliva from users of removable denture and implant-supported fixed denture users, treated at a private practice of Vitoria da Conquista (BA- Brazil). Data were obtained from 20 unstimulated saliva samples, with 10 users of conventional dentures and 10 users of implant-supported denture. One ml of each sample was plated using pour plate technique on Sabouraud dextrose agar with chloramphenicol and Chromagar in duplicate and then incubated at 35°C ± 2/24h and for aditional 5 days at room temperature to check growth of colony forming units per milliliter (UFC.mL-1). Data from UFC.mL-1 were transformed into logarithm (Log) and submitted to statistical analysis using the ANOVA test (5%). Based on the analysis there was no difference in the number of UFC.mL (p> 0.05). Values were observed in removable denture wearers group: Candida (Medialog = 1.65 UFC.mL-1, SD ± 0.52), and fixed dentures user group: (Medialog = 2.01 UFC. ml -1 SD ± 0.60). Candida was found in both groups. There was no statistical difference in the number of UFC.ml between groups...

Biomodulative effects of visible and IR laser light on the healing of cutaneous wounds of nourished and undernourished Wistar rats.

AIM: We evaluated histologically the differences in the healing of cutaneous wounds on nourished or undernourished rats following laser phototherapy (LPT) (20 or 40 J/cm2). BACKGROUND: Wound healing occurs due to a competitive mechanism between the synthesis and lysis of collagen. Any factor that increases the lysis or reduces the synthesis of collagen may change the healing process. Nutritional deficiencies have a great effect on wound healing. METHODS: Fifty nourished or undernourished Wistar rats had one standardized wound created on the dorsum and were divided into 10 subgroups: Control (standard diet); Control [Northeastern Brazilian basic diet (DBR)]; Standard diet+LPT (lambda635 nm; spatial average energy fluence (SAEF) 20 J/cm2); Standard diet+LPT (lambda635 nm; SAEF 40 J/cm2); Standard diet+LPT (lambda780 nm; SAEF 20 J/cm2); Standard diet+LPT (lambda780 nm; SAEF 40 J/cm2); DBR+LPT (lambda635 nm; SAEF 20 J/cm2); DBR+LPT (lambda635 nm; SAEF 40 J/cm2); DBR+LPT (lambda780 nm; SAEF 20 J/cm2); DBR+LPT (lambda780 nm; SAEF 40 J/cm2). The first application of the treatment was carried out immediately and repeated daily for seven days. The specimens were routinely processed to wax, cut, stained with H&E and Sirius Red stains, and analyzed using light microscopy. The analyses included re-epithelization, inflammatory infiltrate, and fibroblastic proliferation. Sirius Red stained slides were used to perform descriptive analyses of the collagen fibers. RESULTS: The results showed that LPT with lambda635 wavelength was more effective for the treatment of undernourished subjects, treated with either LPT with lambda730 nm with SAEF of 20 J/cm2 or lambda780 nm with SAEF of 40 J/cm2. CONCLUSION: Nutritional status influenced the progression of the healing process as well as the quality of the healed tissue. In addition, the use of both wavelengths resulted in a positive biomodulatory effect on both nourished and undernourished subjects.

The use of light photobiomodulation on the treatment of second-degree burns: a histological study of a rodent model.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this investigation was to compare, by light microscopy, the effects of the use of laser photobiomodulation (LPBM) and polarized light (PL) on second-degree burns on rodents. BACKGROUND DATA: Burns are severe injuries that result in the loss of tissue fluids, destruction of tissues, infection, and shock. With severe and widespread third-degree burns death may occur. Several light sources have been suggested as being effective for improving wound healing. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty five rats were used in this study. A second-degree burn was created on the dorsum of each animal, and the animals were divided into four groups: PL (400-2000 nm, 40 mW, 2.4 J/cm(2)/min); LPBM-1 (780 nm, 35/40 mW, theta approximately 2 mm, 4 x 5 J/cm(2)); LPBM-2 (660 nm, 35/40 mW, theta approximately 2 mm, 4 x 5 J/cm(2)); and untreated animals acted as controls. The treatment was started immediately post-burn at four points around the burned area (laser: 5 J/cm(2) per site). The illumination with PL was performed according to the manufacturer's instructions. Treatments were repeated at 24-h intervals for 7 d. The animals were sacrifice at 3, 5, and 7 d post-burn. The specimens were routinely cut and stained and analyzed by light microscopy using hematoxylin and eosin and Sirius red. RESULTS: The analysis of the results demonstrated that the damaged tissue was able to efficiently absorb and process the light at all tested wavelengths. LPBM at 660 nm showed better results at early stages of wound healing. However, the use of 780-nm laser light had beneficial effects throughout the experimental period, with the animals growing newly-formed tissue similar to normal dermis. CONCLUSION: Despite our findings that the use of both types of light energy improved the healing of second-degree burns at the early stages, long-term assessment is needed to verify if this improvement will influence the final results of treatment.

Biomodulative effects of polarized light on the healing of cutaneous wounds on nourished and undernourished Wistar rats.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate, by light microcopy, the differences in healing process of cutaneous wounds on nourished or undernourished rats following illumination by polarized light (lambda400-2000 nm) with 20 or 40 J/cm(2). BACKGROUND DATA: There are some reports in the literature on different effects of polarized light on wound healing. Amongst the factors that interfere with wound healing one is the nutritional status of the subject. METHODS: Thirty nourished or undernourished Wistar rats had one standardized surgical wound created on the dorsum and were divided into six groups: group 1, control (standard diet); group 2, control (Northeastern Brazilian Basic Diet [DBR]); group 3, standard diet + polarized light (20 J/cm(2)); group 4, standard diet + polarized light (40 J/cm(2)); group 5, DBR + polarized light (20 J/cm(2)); group 6, DBR + polarized light (40 J/cm(2)). The first application of treatment was carried out immediately after wounding and repeated every 24 h during 7 days. The animals were sacrificed, and specimens were taken and routinely processed to wax, cut, and stain with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Sirius Red. These were then analyzed under light microscopy. The analysis included re-epitheliialization, inflammatory infiltrate, and fibroblastic proliferation. Sirius Red-stained slides were used to perform descriptive analysis of collagen. RESULTS: The analysis of the results showed better results in these groups illuminated with 20 J/cm(2). CONCLUSION: It is concluded that nutritional status influenced the progression of the healing process as well as the quality of the healed tissue, and that the use of polarized light resulted in a positive biomodulatory effect.

Análise comparativa do efeito dos laseres GaAIAs de λ = 660 nm λ+780 nm na cicatrização de úlceras por queimaduras em dorso de ratos diabéticos e não-diabéticos: estudo histológico / Comparative analysis of the effect laser GaAIAs of λ = 660 nm λ+780 nm in the cicatrization of ulcers for burnings in back of diabetic and not-diabetic rats: histológic study

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi comparar, por meio da microscopia de luz, o efeito dos Laseres de GaAIAs de À=660nm e À=780nm no reparo de queimaduras de terceiro grau em dorso de ratos diabéticos e não-diabéticos. Para tanto, 110 animais foram aleatoriamente distribuídos em dois grupos, cada um com 55 animais. Em um dos grupos foi induzido diabetes mellitus através da administração intraperitoneal de estreptozotocina (60mg/Kg). As queimaduras de terceiro grau padronizadas com instrumental apropriado em 1,5 X 1,5 cm foram criadas no dorso dos animais, que posteriormente foram divididos em subgrupos experimentais de acordo com o tratamento com laserterapia (À=660nm ou À=780nm, 35mW, φ 2mm, 20J/cm2) cada grupo com 40 animais, e dois subgrupos controle cada um com 15 animais, sendo um diabético e o outro não-diabético. O tratamento para os grupos experimentais foi iniciado imediatamente após a queimadura e a cada 24hs em quatro pontos eqüidistantes ao redor da queimadura (cada um com 5J/cm2) até o dia anterior à morte animal que se deu em 3, 5, 7, 14 e 21 dias com overdose de anestésico intraperitoneal. Os espécimes removidos foram processados, corados com HE e Picrosírius e analisados sob microscopia de luz. Os resultados mostraram maior deposição de fibras colágenas, tecido de granulação, maior repavimentação epitelial e maior quantidade de vasos sanguíneos em todos os grupos irradiados, principalmente quando foi utilizado o comprimento de onda de À=780nm, para os animais não díabéticos; e, ao final do período, o comprimento de À=660nm, para os animais diabéticos. Diante dos resultados, foi possível concluir que o Laser de GaAIAs nos comprimentos de onda de À=660nm e de À=780nm, utilizados diariamente, foi eficaz em estimular o reparo de queimaduras de terceíro grau em dorso de ratos diabéticos e não-diabéticos

Phototherapy improves healing of cutaneous wounds in nourished and undernourished Wistar rats.

A wound represents the interruption of the continuity of tissue that is followed by damage or cellular death. Wound healing occurs due to a competitive mechanism between the synthesis and lysis of collagen. Any factor that increases collagen lysis or reduces its synthesis may result in changes in the healing process, i.e., nutritional deficiencies. Phototherapies have been suggested as an effective method to improve wound healing. This study evaluated, histologically, the differences in the healing of cutaneous wounds in nourished and undernourished rats following laser therapy or illumination by polarized light. Fifty nourished or undernourished Wistar rats had a standardized wound created on the dorsum and were divided into 6 subgroups: Group 1--Control (Standard diet; n=5); Group 2--Control (DBR; n=5); Group 3--Standard diet + laser therapy (lambda635nm; 20J/cm2, n=5; or 40J/cm2, n=5); Group 4--Standard diet + Bioptron (lambda400-2000nm; 20J/cm2, n=5; or 40 J/cm2, n=5); Group 5--DBR + laser therapy (lambda635nm; 20J/cm2, n=5; or 40J/cm2, n=5); Group 6--DBR + Bioptron (lambda400-2000nm; 20J/cm2, n=5; or 40 J/cm2, n=5). The first application of the treatment was carried out immediately after surgery and repeated every 24 h during 7 days. Specimens were routinely processed (wax, cut and stained with H&E and Picrosirius stain) and analyzed under light microscopy. Analysis included re-epithelization, inflammatory infiltrate, and fibroblastic proliferation. Picrosirius stained slides were used to perform descriptive analysis of the collagen fibers. The results showed the best results for nourished and undernourished groups treated with polarized light at a dose of 20J/cm2 and the undernourished groups irradiated with the laser light. It is concluded that the nutritional status influenced the progression of the healing process as well as the quality of the healed tissue and that the use of both modalities of phototherapy resulted in a positive biomodulatory effect in both nourished and undernourished subjects. The effect of the polarized light was more evident in nourished subjects and laser therapy more effective in the treatment of undernourished subjects, in both cases with a dose of 20J/cm2.