ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: French post-acute care and rehabilitation facilities describe and code their activity through the Program for Medicalization of Information Systems (PMSI). A new specific catalogue of rehabilitation procedures (CSARR) has been implemented to code rehabilitation acts since 2013. This study aimed to assess the coherence of the coding of the rehabilitation acts using the CSARR two years after its establishment through the analyze of 3 main items regarding patients and therapists. METHODS: We analyzed the use of CSARR for coding rehabilitation acts from the PMSI national database for post-acute care and rehabilitation, in 2015. Analyses were made on specific items characterizing rehabilitation acts: "number of patients", "type of therapists" and "number of therapists". RESULTS: There were 72,014,731 rehabilitation acts coded in 2015 using CSARR nomenclature; 86% were individual rehabilitation acts. All acts of CSARR, except one, were used to describe rehabilitation activities. Physiotherapists coded the majority of rehabilitation acts (47%), then nurses (14%). Coding errors were identified as the "number of patients", coded with more than one patient for individual acts (13% of the acts) or with less than 2 patients for groups (6% of the acts), or the "number of therapists" coded with only one therapist for rehabilitation acts requiring several professionals. CONCLUSION: This first assessment indicated a good level of appropriation of the CSARR coding rules in the national PMSI database by post-acute care and rehabilitation facilities. However, a simplification of this catalogue and therapist training could increase the quality of the rehabilitation data.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: An important determinant of the anticaries effect of brushing with a fluoride dentifrice is the retention of fluoride in the oral fluids. This study measured the influence of various post-brushing rinsing routines on fluoride retention. SETTING: The Faculty of Odontology, Göteborg University, Sweden. SUBJECTS: Twenty-one healthy dental students, aged 23 +/- 2 yr. DESIGN: A randomised, cross-over protocol, comparing various post-brushing rinsing procedures, with the following variables: volume of rinsing water (5 mL vs. 10 x 3 mL) and duration of rinsing (10 vs. 60 s). Samples of whole saliva, interdental fluid and interdental plaque were analysed for fluoride content. RESULTS: The duration of rinsing did not influence fluoride retention in whole saliva, interdental fluid or interdental plaque. Rinsing with a higher volume of water substantially decreased fluoride retention in all samples. CONCLUSION: Brushing with a fluoride dentifrice should be followed by rinsing procedures which enhance the retention of fluoride. Rinsing with large volumes of water decreases fluoride retention in the oral fluids, and should be discouraged.
Subject(s)
Cariostatic Agents/pharmacokinetics , Dentifrices/pharmacokinetics , Fluorides/pharmacokinetics , Mouthwashes/chemistry , Toothbrushing , Water/chemistry , Adult , Analysis of Variance , Cariostatic Agents/analysis , Cross-Over Studies , Dental Plaque/chemistry , Fluorides/analysis , Gingival Crevicular Fluid/chemistry , Humans , Ion-Selective Electrodes , Saliva/chemistry , Statistics as Topic , Time Factors , Toothbrushing/methodsABSTRACT
Closed circuit anesthesia answers the objections to open and semi-closed systems that are related to high delivery flow rates: pollution, cost, efficiency and the hydration of inhaled gases. But closed circuit anesthesia requires a good understanding of the amount of anesthetic agenda needed, and a convenient method of administering it. It is necessary use a reliable oxygen analyser, a carbon dioxide monitor and a circuit volatile agent analyzer.
