ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Naming and lexical retrieval difficulties are common symptoms of aphasia. Naming abilities are usually evaluated by means of real objects or pictures or line drawings that are printed. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate whether the ability to name objects among individuals with aphasia is influenced by the dimensions of the visual stimuli and to understand whether the order of presentation of the stimuli, number of years of education and length of time post-onset are involved in the success of naming. METHODS: The naming abilities of healthy controls and patients with acute or chronic aphasia due to stroke were assessed through presentation of two sets of 24 stimuli consisting of real objects and color photographs of the same objects presented on a screen. The results obtained under these two conditions were compared by means of within-subject paired ANOVA, controlling for presentation order. RESULTS: 40 patients (62.4 ± 17.3 years old; 70% females; mean education level of 8.5 ± 5.3 years; and 60% evaluated within the first eight days after stroke) and 50 controls that were age, gender and education-matched were included. Object naming was significantly better than naming color photographs among the patients (p = 0.001), but no differences were observed among the controls. Age, education, length of time post-onset and presentation sequence did not have any impact on naming performance. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that use of digital color photographs for naming objects in assessment of aphasia may be associated with lower naming performance, compared with use of real objects. This needs to be taken into account when different forms of stimuli are presented in sequential aphasia evaluations.
Subject(s)
Aphasia , Stroke , Aged , Aphasia/etiology , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Stroke/complicationsABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Background: Naming and lexical retrieval difficulties are common symptoms of aphasia. Naming abilities are usually evaluated by means of real objects or pictures or line drawings that are printed. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate whether the ability to name objects among individuals with aphasia is influenced by the dimensions of the visual stimuli and to understand whether the order of presentation of the stimuli, number of years of education and length of time post-onset are involved in the success of naming. Methods: The naming abilities of healthy controls and patients with acute or chronic aphasia due to stroke were assessed through presentation of two sets of 24 stimuli consisting of real objects and color photographs of the same objects presented on a screen. The results obtained under these two conditions were compared by means of within-subject paired ANOVA, controlling for presentation order. Results: 40 patients (62.4 ± 17.3 years old; 70% females; mean education level of 8.5 ± 5.3 years; and 60% evaluated within the first eight days after stroke) and 50 controls that were age, gender and education-matched were included. Object naming was significantly better than naming color photographs among the patients (p = 0.001), but no differences were observed among the controls. Age, education, length of time post-onset and presentation sequence did not have any impact on naming performance. Conclusion: These results suggest that use of digital color photographs for naming objects in assessment of aphasia may be associated with lower naming performance, compared with use of real objects. This needs to be taken into account when different forms of stimuli are presented in sequential aphasia evaluations.
RESUMO Antecedentes: As dificuldades de nomeação e de evocação lexical são sintomas comuns de afasia. A nomeação é geralmente avaliada por objetos reais, imagens ou desenhos de contorno, impressos. Objetivo: Este estudo visa investigar se a capacidade de nomear objetos em pessoas com afasia é influenciada pelas dimensões dos estímulos visuais e compreender se a ordem de apresentação dos estímulos, os anos de escolaridade e o tempo de evolução estão envolvidos no sucesso da nomeação. Métodos: A nomeação de pessoas saudáveis e pessoas com afasia, em fase aguda ou crónica, por AVC foi avaliada com dois conjuntos de 24 estímulos, objetos reais e fotografias a cores, dos mesmos objetos, apresentadas num ecrã. Os resultados obtidos nas duas condições foram comparados por uma ANOVA para amostras emparelhadas, controlando para a ordem de apresentação. Resultados: Foram incluídos 40 sujeitos com afasia (62,4±17,3 anos de idade, 70% mulheres, com uma escolaridade média de 8,5±5,3 anos, 60% avaliados nos primeiros 8 dias após o acidente vascular cerebral) e um grupo de controlo de 50 pessoas saudáveis, emparelhadas para a idade, sexo e escolaridade. A nomeação de objetos foi significativamente melhor do que a nomeação de fotografias a cores (p=.001), mas isso não se verificou nos controles. A idade, a escolaridade, o tempo de evolução e a sequência de apresentação não tiveram impacto na nomeação dos dois tipos de estímulos. Conclusão: Estes resultados sugerem que a utilização de fotografias digitais a cores para avaliar a nomeação de objetos na afasia pode ser associada a um pior desempenho quando comparada com objetos reais. Isto deve ser tido em conta quando são apresentadas diferentes formas de estímulos nas reavaliações.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aphasia/etiology , Stroke/complications , Middle AgedABSTRACT
Microenergy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (µ-EDXRF) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to test the hypothesis that zirconia modified glass ionomer cement (GIC) could improve resistance to erosion-abrasion to a greater extent than conventional cement. Bovine enamel (n = 40) and dentin (n = 40) samples were prepared with cavities, filled with one of the two restorative materials (GIC: glass-ionomer cement or ZrGIC: zirconia-modified GIC). Furthermore, the samples were treated with abrasion-saliva (AS) or abrasion-erosion cycles (AE). Erosive cycles (immersion in orange juice, three times/day for a duration of 1 min over a 5 day period) and/or abrasive challenges (electric toothbrush, three times/day for a duration of 1 min over a 5 day period) were performed. Positive mineral variation (MV%) on the enamel after erosion-abrasion was observed for both materials (p < 0.05), whereas a negative MV% on the dentin was observed for both materials and treatments (p < 0.05). The SEM images showed clear enamel loss after erosion-abrasion treatment and material degradation was greater in GIC_AE compared to those of the other groups. Toothbrush abrasion showed a synergistic effect with erosion on substance loss of bovine enamel, dentin, GIC, and ZrGIC restorations. Zirconia addition to the GIC powder improved the resistance to abrasive-erosive processes. The ZrGIC materials may find application as a restorative material due to improved resistance as well as in temporary restorations and fissure sealants.
Subject(s)
Dental Enamel/drug effects , Dentin/drug effects , Glass Ionomer Cements/chemistry , Materials Testing , Zirconium/chemistry , Animals , Cattle , Dental Caries , Dentin/pathology , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Saliva , Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission , Tooth Erosion , ToothbrushingABSTRACT
JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O câncer de tireoide é o mais comum câncer (CA) endócrino e a sua incidência vem aumentando nas últimas três décadas. O seu correto manuseio permite uma sobrevida longa e de qualidade. O objetivo deste estudo foi relatar o caso de uma paciente com CA de tireoide, desde 1985,com metástases múltiplas, sobrevida normal até os dias de hoje e que pariu, recentemente, uma criança sem intercorrências. RELATO DO CASO: Paciente, sexo feminino, 12 anos, residente em Teresina-PI, com carcinoma folicular e metástases para linfonodos, musculoesquelético adjacente e pulmão, tratada apenas com levotiroxina em altas doses há mais de 26 anos, e com gestação normal durante o tratamento.CONCLUSÃO: A radioterapia é o tratamento de escolha para tratar metástases tireoidianas, entretanto em casos de metástases difusas, devido à sua toxicidade, o tratamento isolado com levotiroxina em altas doses deve ser considerado.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine cancer and is increasing its incidence in the last three decades. The correct management of this patient provides a long survival with quality. The aim of this study is to report the case of a patient with thyroid cancer since 1985 with multiple metastases, survival until today and that, recently, gave birth to a child without complications.CASE REPORT: Female patient, 12 years, residing in Teresina with follicular carcinoma and lymph node, skeletal muscle and the adjacent lung metastases, treated only with highdoses of levothyroxine for over 26 years and with normal pregnancy during treatment.CONCLUSION: Radiotherapy is the treatment of choice for treating thyroid metastases, however in cases of diffuse metastases, due to the toxicity of the same, treatment with high-dose levothyroxine alone should be considered.