ABSTRACT
Vitamin D and calcium supplementation have been posited to improve body composition and different formulations of calcium may impact bioavailability. However, data are lacking regarding the combinatorial effects of exercise, diet, and calcium and/or vitamin D supplementation on body composition changes in post-menopausal women. Herein, 128 post-menopausal women (51.3 ± 4.5 years, 36.4 ± 5.7 kg/m2, 46.2 ± 4.5% fat) were assigned to diet and supplement groups while participating in a supervised circuit-style resistance-training program (3 d/week) over a 14-week period. Diet groups included: (1) normal diet (CTL), (2) a low-calorie, higher protein diet (LCHP; 1600 kcal/day, 15% carbohydrates, 55% protein, 30% fat), and (3) a low-calorie, higher carbohydrate diet (LCHC; 1600 kcal/day, 55% carbohydrates, 15% protein, 30% fat). Supplement groups consisted of: (1) maltodextrin (PLA), (2) 800 mg/day of calcium carbonate (Ca), and (3) 800 mg/day of calcium citrate and malate and 400 IU/day of vitamin D (Ca+D). Fasting blood samples, body composition, resting energy expenditure, aerobic capacity, muscular strength and endurance measures were assessed. Data were analyzed by mixed factorial ANOVA with repeated measures and presented as mean change from baseline [95% CI]. Exercise training promoted significant improvements in strength, peak aerobic capacity, and blood lipids. Dieting resulted in greater losses of body mass (CTL -0.4 ± 2.4; LCHC -5.1 ± 4.2; LCHP -3.8 ± 4.2 kg) and fat mass (CTL -1.4 ± 1.8; LCHC -3.7 ± 3.7; LCHP -3.4 ± 3.4 kg). When compared to LCHC-PLA, the LCHC + Ca combination led to greater losses in body mass (PLA -4.1 [-6.1, -2.1], Ca -6.4 [-8.1, -4.7], Ca+D -4.4 [-6.4, -2.5] kg). In comparison to LCHC-Ca, the LCHC-Ca+D led to an improved maintenance of fat-free mass (PLA -0.3 [-1.4, 0.7], Ca -1.4 [-2.3, -0.5], Ca+D 0.4 [-0.6, 1.5] kg) and a greater loss of body fat (PLA -2.3 [-3.4, -1.1], Ca -1.3 [-2.3, -0.3], Ca+D -3.6 [-4.8, -2.5]%). Alternatively, no significant differences in weight loss or body composition resulted when adding Ca or Ca+D to the LCHP regimen in comparison to when PLA was added to the LCHP diet. When combined with an energy-restricted, higher carbohydrate diet, adding 800 mg of Ca carbonate stimulated greater body mass loss compared to when a PLA was added. Alternatively, adding Ca+D to the LCHC diet promoted greater% fat changes and attenuation of fat-free mass loss. Our results expand upon current literature regarding the impact of calcium supplementation with dieting and regular exercise. This data highlights that different forms of calcium in combination with an energy restricted, higher carbohydrate diet may trigger changes in body mass or body composition while no impact of calcium supplementation was observed when participants followed an energy restricted, higher protein diet.
Subject(s)
Body Composition , Calcium/administration & dosage , Caloric Restriction , Dietary Supplements , Exercise/physiology , Nutritional Physiological Phenomena/physiology , Postmenopause/physiology , Vitamin D/administration & dosage , Adult , Body Mass Index , Dietary Carbohydrates/administration & dosage , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Resistance Training , Time FactorsABSTRACT
We report two women with Sanfilippo syndrome. Both had characteristic aggressiveness that was refractory to treatment with conventional agents. Both women improved on oral estrogen therapy and showed diminished aggressiveness.
Subject(s)
Aggression/drug effects , Aggression/psychology , Estrogens/administration & dosage , Mucopolysaccharidosis III/drug therapy , Mucopolysaccharidosis III/psychology , Adult , Female , HumansABSTRACT
This report shows that a patient with the Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome had fewer clinical seizures and also fewer generalized bilateral spike and wave complexes over a 24-hour period while exposed to Mozart music (K.448) for 10 minutes every hour during wakefulness.
Subject(s)
Electroencephalography , Epilepsy/physiopathology , Music , Child , Female , HumansABSTRACT
Electroencephalographic and clinical findings are reported for 100 patients with the Lennox-Gastaut (LGS) triad of slow bilateral spike and wave (BSW), retardation and multiple seizures. Neurological and mental deficits were frequently observed, especially in patients who developed seizures before age 1 yr. More than half of the patients had focal epileptiform discharges that peaked in occurrence at age 4-6 yrs. EEG follow-up showed that background frequency slowed when patients developed the LGS pattern, and increased after recovery. Only 2 patients developed normal EEGs on follow-up, although 22 patients no longer showed the LGS pattern after an average of 3 yrs 3 mos follow-up.
Subject(s)
Electroencephalography , Epilepsy/diagnosis , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Infant , Male , Middle Aged , Sleep/physiology , SyndromeABSTRACT
The purpose of this investigation was to inquire into the multietiological determinants of psychopathology and social competence in children with epilepsy. The relationship between behavioral functioning as assessed by the Child Behavior Checklist and a variety of biological, psychosocial, medication and demographic risk factors was investigated in a sample of 183 children with epilepsy aged 6-16. Several risk factors were found to be related to each behavioral measure. The results are discussed both in terms of their implications for models of psychopathology in epilepsy as well as their relationship to previous findings in the epilepsy/psychopathology field.
Subject(s)
Child Behavior Disorders/etiology , Epilepsy/psychology , Adolescent , Age Factors , Child , Child Behavior Disorders/psychology , Epilepsy/complications , Epilepsy/drug therapy , Family Characteristics , Female , Humans , Male , Risk Factors , Social EnvironmentABSTRACT
Using the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery (LNNB), Berg and Golden (1981) assessed 40 patients with epilepsy and reported a hit rate of 77.3% for idiopathic epilepsy and 88.9% for symptomatic epilepsy (82.5% overall). The purpose of this investigation was to attempt to replicate their important findings. A consecutive series of 31 patients with epilepsy was administered the LNNB and we obtained a hit rate of 47% for idiopathic epilepsy and 30% for symptomatic epilepsy (41% overall). Four possible methodological reasons for these disparate findings were offered.
Subject(s)
Brain Damage, Chronic/diagnosis , Epilepsy/complications , Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery , Neurocognitive Disorders/diagnosis , Neuropsychological Tests , Adolescent , Adult , Brain Damage, Chronic/psychology , Electroencephalography , Epilepsies, Partial/complications , Epilepsy/psychology , Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe/complications , Female , Humans , Male , Neurocognitive Disorders/psychology , PsychometricsABSTRACT
Significant interictal psychopathology was manifested by a patient with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) who experienced an aura of intense fear. She was found to be taking a subtherapeutic dosage of carbamazepine; induction of therapeutic blood levels of carbamazepine resulted in improvement in the interictal EEG, decreased duration and intensity of affect during the epileptic attacks, and a normalization of behavioral and emotional functioning during the interictal period.