Tanshinone increases Hemopexin expression in lung cells and macrophages to protect against cigarette smoke-induced COPD and enhance antiviral responses.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory disease, while respiratory infections can elicit exacerbations in COPD patients to mediate increased mortality. Administration of Tanshinones (TS) derivatives has been demonstrated to protect against cigarette smoking (CS) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced COPD progression. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms and the roles of TS in mitigating the severity of viral-mediated exacerbations of COPD have not been elucidated. Here, we found that TS treatments significantly attenuated lung function decline, inflammatory responses and oxidative stress in CS and LPS-induced COPD mice. Subsequent RNA-seq analysis revealed significantly upregulated Hemopexin expression and enriched interferons (IFNs) signaling pathways in lung tissues of COPD mice upon TS treatments. Moreover, TS administration demonstrated Hemopexin-dependent beneficial roles in BEAS-2B lung cells and RAW264.7 macrophages, which was associated with the suppression of oxidative stress and ERK, NF-κB, and NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathways-mediated inflammation. Furthermore, TS promoted IFN signaling and rescued impaired antiviral responses in CS and LPS-exposed lung cells that were infected by influenza virus. Notably, hemopexin over-expression in lung cells and macrophages recapitulated the pharmacological activities of TS. Taken together, these results indicate that TS administration is a promising and potential therapeutic strategy for treating COPD and preventing COPD exacerbations.

Enhanced capacitance performance of Al2O3-TiO2 composite thin film via sol-gel using double chelators.

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is usually introduced into dielectric layer of aluminum electrolytic capacitor to enhance capacitance performance via forming Al2O3-TiO2 composite film. However, there is a big obstacle caused by high crystallization temperature of TiO2 to capacitance enhancement. In present work, a facile route was proposed to synthesize crystalline TiO2 with the size of 3-10 nm at room temperature using lactic acid (LA) and acetylacetone (Acac) as double chelators. After being introduced into the surface of etched aluminum foils as dielectric layer, TiO2 boosted the specific capacitance by about 24% compared to that without TiO2, and about 11% compared to that with TiO2 using lactic acid as only chelator.