ABSTRACT
O artigo discute a estratégia de Redução de Danos e sua relação com o campo de trabalho do redutor. Seguindo uma linha histórica se analisa as diversas faces deste encontro, desde a formação do redutor até o envolvimento emocional com os usuários. Tratando a questão de direitos como prioritário para a aproximação e empoderamento dos atingidos pelas ações de Redução de Danos. Levanta ainda questões de fundo das exigências dos usuários nos equipamentos públicos de saúde, chegando a ponto de se colocar a abstinência total como questão fundamental para a frequência naqueles espaços. Por fim concluir que, após um período de entusiasmo e apoio, atualmente tais ações estão fragilizadas e intimidadas, quase sem apoio governamental e que somente existem graças a ações da sociedade civil, com fina sintonia junto a usuários e seus entornos sociais.
Subject(s)
Pharmaceutical Preparations , Harm Reduction , Human RightsABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective: This clinical study was conducted in order to evaluate force decay over time of latex and non-latex orthodontic intraoral elastics. Methods: Patients (n = 15) were evaluated using latex and non-latex elastics in the periods of : 0, 1, 3, 12 and 24 hours. The rubber bands were transferred to the testing machine (EMIC DL-500 MF), and force values were recorded after stretching the elastic to a length of 25mm. Paired t test was applied and analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to evaluate the variation of force generated. LSD (Fisher's least significant difference) post-hoc test was thus employed. Results: As regards the initial forces (zero time), the values of force for non-latex elastic were slightly higher than for the latex elastic. In the subsequent times, the forces generated by the latex elastic showed higher values. Regarding the material degradation, at the end of 24 hours the highest percentage was observed for non-latex elastic. Conclusions: The latex elastics had a more stable behavior during the studied period, compared with non-latex.
RESUMO Objetivo: o objetivo deste estudo clínico foi avaliar e comparar o comportamento dos elásticos de látex e não látex quanto à perda de força ao longo do tempo. Método: os pacientes (n = 15) foram avaliados usando ambos os tipos de material (látex e não látex) em cada tempo: 0, 1, 3, 12 e 24 horas. Os elásticos foram transferidos para a máquina de ensaios mecânicos (EMIC DL-500 MF) e os valores de força foram registrados após a distensão dos elásticos a uma distância de 25 mm. Foi aplicado o teste t pareado, e a análise de variância (ANOVA) foi realizada para verificar a variação das forças geradas em todos os tempos estudados. Em seguida, o teste post-hoc LSD (Fisher's least significant difference) foi aplicado. Resultados: quanto às forças iniciais (tempo zero), os valores de força dos elásticos não látex foram ligeiramente maiores do que dos elásticos de látex. Nos tempos subsequentes, as forças geradas pelos elásticos de látex apresentaram valores superiores às geradas pelos elásticos não látex. Em relação à degradação do material, ao fim do período de 24 horas, o maior percentual foi observado pelos elásticos não látex. Conclusões: os elásticos de látex apresentaram comportamento mais estável durante o período de estudo, em comparação aos não látex.
Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Young Adult , Orthodontic Appliances , Rubber/chemistry , Dental Materials/chemistry , Latex/chemistry , Silicone Elastomers/chemistry , Stress, Mechanical , Tensile Strength , Materials Testing , Analysis of Variance , Orthodontic Appliance Design , Dental Stress Analysis/methods , Elasticity , Mechanical PhenomenaABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: This clinical study was conducted in order to evaluate force decay over time of latex and non-latex orthodontic intraoral elastics. METHODS: Patients (n = 15) were evaluated using latex and non-latex elastics in the periods of : 0, 1, 3, 12 and 24 hours. The rubber bands were transferred to the testing machine (EMIC DL-500 MF), and force values were recorded after stretching the elastic to a length of 25mm. Paired t test was applied and analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to evaluate the variation of force generated. LSD (Fisher's least significant difference) post-hoc test was thus employed. RESULTS: As regards the initial forces (zero time), the values of force for non-latex elastic were slightly higher than for the latex elastic. In the subsequent times, the forces generated by the latex elastic showed higher values. Regarding the material degradation, at the end of 24 hours the highest percentage was observed for non-latex elastic. CONCLUSIONS: The latex elastics had a more stable behavior during the studied period, compared with non-latex.
Subject(s)
Dental Materials/chemistry , Latex/chemistry , Orthodontic Appliances , Rubber/chemistry , Adult , Analysis of Variance , Dental Stress Analysis/methods , Elasticity , Humans , Materials Testing , Mechanical Phenomena , Orthodontic Appliance Design , Silicone Elastomers/chemistry , Stress, Mechanical , Tensile Strength , Young AdultABSTRACT
Aim: This study was conducted in order to evaluate and compare the behavior of latex and non-latex elastics, as the loss of strength over time in vitro. Methods: The study evaluated 15 of each elastic material for the pre-selected times: 0, 1, 3, 12 and 24 hours. The rubber bands were transferred to the testing machine (EMIC DL-500 MF). The force values were recorded after stretching the elastic to a length of 25mm. Independent t-test was applied. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to check the variation of the forces generated between those determined times. To identify between which times the difference was present, Tukey post-hoc test was accomplished. Results: As regards the initial forces (zero time), the values of force for non-latex elastic were slightly higher than the latex elastic. In subsequent times, the forces generated by the latex elastic showed higher values. Regarding the material degradation, at the end of 24 hours the highest percentage was observed for non-latex elastic. Conclusion: The latex elastic had a more stable behavior during the studied period compared with non-latex. Thus, it is suggested that the non-latex elastics should be changed more frequently and that larger initial forces must be applied than the látex elastics
Subject(s)
Silicone Elastomers , Tensile Strength , Elastomers , LatexABSTRACT
Citizens are now partners in the formal health promotion system. In the management of hereditary diseases, the role of family members is a vital source of support. Elders play a crucial role due to their long relationship with the disease and with patients in the family. However, this role has still been insufficiently explored, particularly in genetic disorders like paramyloidosis. This exploratory qualitative study analyzes the role of elders in families with paramyloidosis, in health promotion for younger members. The critical incidents technique was applied using a semi-structured interview. The study involved 18 participants who reported 76 critical incidents. The interviews were taped and submitted to content analysis. The principal results suggest the following roles for elders with younger family members: act as role models (in behaviors), encourage, inform, and support. The older generations can be mobilized by health professionals as partners to support younger generations in families with paramyloidosis.
Subject(s)
Amyloid Neuropathies, Familial/psychology , Family/psychology , Health Promotion , Social Support , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Brazil , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Qualitative Research , Young AdultABSTRACT
Resumo: Atualmente os cidadãos são parceiros dos sistemas formais na promoção da saúde. Na gestão das doenças hereditárias, o papel dos familiares como fonte de suporte é vital. O papel dos mais velhos emerge como crucial pela longa relação com a doença e com os doentes na família. Contudo, esse papel permanece pouco explorado, em particular, em doenças genéticas, como a paramiloidose. Este estudo qualitativo exploratório analisa o papel dos mais velhos, em famílias com paramiloidose, na promoção da saúde dos mais novos. Adotou-se a técnica dos incidentes críticos, aplicada por entrevista semiestruturada. O estudo envolve 18 participantes que relataram 76 incidentes críticos. As entrevistas foram gravadas e submetidas a análise de conteúdo. Os principais resultados sugerem os seguintes papéis dos mais velhos junto dos mais novos: modelar (comportamentos), encorajar, informar e apoiar. As gerações mais velhas podem ser envolvidas pelos profissionais de saúde como parceiras no apoio aos mais novos em famílias com paramiloidose.
Abstract: Citizens are now partners in the formal health promotion system. In the management of hereditary diseases, the role of family members is a vital source of support. Elders play a crucial role due to their long relationship with the disease and with patients in the family. However, this role has still been insufficiently explored, particularly in genetic disorders like paramyloidosis. This exploratory qualitative study analyzes the role of elders in families with paramyloidosis, in health promotion for younger members. The critical incidents technique was applied using a semi-structured interview. The study involved 18 participants who reported 76 critical incidents. The interviews were taped and submitted to content analysis. The principal results suggest the following roles for elders with younger family members: act as role models (in behaviors), encourage, inform, and support. The older generations can be mobilized by health professionals as partners to support younger generations in families with paramyloidosis.
Resumen: Actualmente, los ciudadanos son agentes activos en los sistemas formales en la promoción de la salud. En la gestión de las enfermedades hereditarias, el papel de los familiares como fuente de apoyo es vital. El papel de los más viejos emerge como crucial por la larga relación con la enfermedad y con los enfermos en la familia. No obstante, este papel permanece poco explorado, en particular, en enfermedades genéticas, como la paramiloidosis. Este estudio cualitativo exploratorio analiza el papel de los más viejos, en familias con paramiloidosis, en la promoción de la salud de los más jóvenes. Se adoptó la técnica de los incidentes críticos, aplicada por entrevista semiestructurada. El estudio involucró a 18 participantes que relataron 76 incidentes críticos. Las entrevistas fueron grabadas y sometidas a un análisis de contenido. Los principales resultados sugieren los siguientes papeles de los más viejos, junto a los más jóvenes: modelar (comportamientos), animar, informar y apoyar. Las generaciones más viejas pueden estar involucradas por los profesionales de salud como agentes activos en el apoyo a los más jóvenes en familias con paramiloidosis.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Young Adult , Social Support , Family/psychology , Amyloid Neuropathies, Familial/psychology , Health Promotion , Brazil , Qualitative ResearchABSTRACT
São objetivos deste trabalho avaliar clínica e laboratorialmente a intensidade das forças liberadas por elastômeros em cadeia pré-estirados. A intensidade e o percentual de degradação das forças elásticas liberadas por duas marcas de elastômeros em cadeia (3M - 3MU e American Orthodontics - AO) foram avaliadas em solução de saliva artificial e no meio bucal. As forças liberadas durante a realização do experimento foram quantificadas através de uma máquina de ensaios de tração (EMIC). Todos os grupos apresentaram forças menores geradas pelos elastômeros em três semanas, quando comparadas com as respectivas forças iniciais. Houve uma grande variação das médias apresentadas em relação aos períodos de tempo intermediários avaliados para os dois meios e para as duas marcas testadas. No final de um período de 3 semanas, os valores médios das forças geradas pelos elastômeros da marca AO foram mais elevados do que os gerados por elastômeros da marca 3MU. Após o período de 3 semanas ambas as marcas de elastômeros geraram forças suficientes para produzir o movimento dentário.
The objective of this study was to evaluate clinically and in the laboratory the intensity of forces delivered by prestretched elastomeric chains. The intensity and percentage of force decay of two commercial brands of elastomeric chains, 3M Unitek (3MU) and American Orthodontics (AO), were evaluated in artificial saliva and in the oral environment. The forces generated during the experiment were quantified by means of a tensile testing machine (EMIC). All groups showed a reduction in the forces generated by the elastomers within a 3-week period compared with their respective initial (baseline) forces. There was a wide variation in the means achieved in those time periods in which the two environments and the two brands were assessed. At the end of a 3-week period, the mean values of the forces generated by AO elastomers were higher than those generated by 3MU elastomers. After the 3-week period both brands of elastomers still generated enough force to produce dental movement.
Subject(s)
Elastomers , Orthodontics , Tensile StrengthABSTRACT
A idade do paciente é um importante dado tanto para estudos demográficos como para o uso clínico no diagnóstico, prognóstico e plano de tratamento. Porém, nem sempre a idade cronológica coincide com outros indicadores de maturação. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o grau de correlação entre as idades cronológica, esquelética e dentária em pacientes submetidos ao tratamento ortodôntico na clínica de especialização em Ortodontia da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Veiga de Almeida. A amostra foi constituída por 31 meninas e 24 meninos com idades de 7 a 17 anos. A idade cronológica foi obtida a partir da leitura das fichas clínicas e calculada através da data da realização dos exames radiográficos utilizados. Através de radiografias panorâmicas, foi calculada a idade dentária utilizando o método de maturação dental de Demirjian (1973). A idade esquelética foi obtida através da inspeção de radiografias de mão e punho e comparação com o Atlas de Greulich (1959). Os resultados revelaram que para a amostra total (meninos e meninas), a maior correlação encontrada foi entre a idade cronológica e esquelética (r = 0.878), e a menor entre a idade esquelética e dentária (r = 0.737). As meninas apresentaram maior correlação entre as três idades quando comparadas aos meninos. A maior correlação tanto para os meninos quanto para as meninas foi novamente entre a idade cronológica e esquelética (meninas r = 0.895 e meninos r = 0.859), e a menor entre a idade esquelética e dentária (meninas r = 0.859 e meninos r = 0.676...
The age of the patient is an important data for demographic studies, clinical diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment plane. However, the chronological age does not always correspond to the other maturation indicators. The aim of this study was to evaluate the grade of correlation among chronological, dental, and skeletal ages in patients from the orthodontic clinic at Veiga de Almeida University. The sample consisted of 31 girls and 24 boys, age between 7 and 17 years old. Chronological age was obtained by reading clinical marks and calculated according to the date when the radiographs were done. The dental age was obtained through panoramic radiographs using the Demirjian4 (1973) method of dental maturity. The skeletal age was achieved through inspection of hand-wrist radiographs and compared to Greulichs9 (1959) atlas. Results showed that for the hole sample (boys and girls) the strongest correlation was between chronological and skeletal ages (r = 0.878) and the weakest between skeletal and dental ages (r = 0.737). When compared to the boys, the girls have demonstrated more correlation for all the three ages. Again, the biggest correlation also for boys and girls was between chronological and skeletal ages (girls r = 0.895 and boys r = 0.859) and the smallest correlation was between skeletal and dental ages (girls r = 0.859 and boys r = 0.676)...
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Young Adult , Age Determination by Skeleton , Age Determination by Teeth , Orthodontics , Radiography, PanoramicABSTRACT
Introdução / Embora se saiba que algumas alterações hormonais podem afetar o tratamento ortodôntico, existe uma escassez de dados publicados sobre a relação entre essas alterações do sistema endócrino e os possíveis problemas durante o tratamento ortodôntico. Quase todos os estudos foram experimentais, realizados em ratos; os estudos em humanos foram raros, com preponderância de relatos de casos e avaliação de um único hormônio. / Objetivo / A presente revisão busca sintetizar, para o ortodontista clínico, a evidência disponível sobre os principais aspectos que devem ser observados para o tratamento de pacientes portadores de alterações endócrinas, sob o ponto de vista ortodôntico, quanto aos aspectos de crescimento craniofacial, erupção e movimentação dentária, os quais requerem cuidados especiais e que podem apresentar possíveis limitações para o tratamento ortodôntico. / Métodos / Por meio de busca nas bases de dados Medline, PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, Lilacs e BVS, foram selecionados os artigos mais relevantes que avaliaram pacientes com as características acima descritas. / Resultados / Os hormônios somatotrófico, insulina, paratormônio e esteroides sexuais podem induzir alterações indesejadas no crescimento craniofacial, metabolismo ósseo e no aumento de predisposição a problemas periodontais, o que requer adequação do plano de tratamento pelo ortodontista. Há pouca evidência sobre o uso dos hormônios tiroxina, relaxina, vitamina D e calcitonina para evitar reabsorção radicular e aumentar a velocidade de movimentação dentária. / Conclusão / Mais estudos com seres humanos, de alto nível de evidência, são necessários para aprofundar o conhecimento sobre a influência dos hormônios na Ortodontia, para reduzir o risco de efeitos indesejados e aumentar a previsibilidade dos resultados a serem obtidos.
Subject(s)
Hormones/adverse effects , Orthodontics , Skull/growth & development , Tooth Movement Techniques , Tooth EruptionABSTRACT
Este artigo aborda as estratégias usadas no enfrentamento de problemas de saúde pelos imigrantes Cabo-verdianos na Holanda. Tendo por base uma metodologia qualitativa, discute-se a escolha de itinerários terapêuticos plurais, incluindo o uso decuidados informais, formais e transnacionais.Estes percursos são influenciados pelas racionalidades leigas dos Caboverdianos acerca da saúde, que assentam num reportório Cristãoespiritual, e por um contexto sociocultural e político onde se impõem múltiplas barreiras no acesso aos cuidados de saúde formais Holandeses. A pluralidade de itinerários terapêuticos adotados pelos Cabo-verdianos objetiva-se na (re)construção de saberes leigos sobre a doença, na mobilização de recursos materiais e na ativação de recursos sociais locais e transnacionais. Esta pluralidade de estratégias é interpretada como uma evidência de resiliência destes imigrantes perante fatores adversos à manutenção do seu bem-estar mental, físico e espiritual.(AU)
This article addresses the strategies employed by Cape Verdean immigrants in the Netherlands to deal with health problems.Drawing on qualitative research, it discusses the choice of plural therapeutic itineraries, including the use of informal, formal and transnational healthcare. These pathways are influenced by Cape Verdeans lay rationalities about health, which are based on a Christian-spiritual repertoire, and by a sociocultural and political context that limits their access to Dutch formal healthcare services. The plurality of therapeutic itineraries employed by Cape Verdeans is realised through the (re)construction of their lay knowledge about illness, the mobilisation of material resources and the activation of local and transnational social resources. This plurality of health seeking strategies renders evident the resilience of these migrants when confronted with adversities that can impact negatively on their physical, mental and spiritual wellbeing.(AU)
ABSTRACT
Este artigo objetivou avaliar a prevalência do cisto ósseo traumático (COT) por meio da coincidência entre o diagnóstico do COT e o paciente que se apresenta para tratamento ortodôntico. A amostra constou de 12.805 pacientes oriundos de clínicas privadas, cursos de graduação e pós-graduação recrutados no período de 1990 e 2009. Inicialmente, cada profissional foi calibrado com radiografias panorâmicas que não fizeram parte da pesquisa, sobre as características e o diagnóstico de COT. O método consistiu na aplicação de um questionário objetivo, respondido por ortodontistas, com o objetivo de avaliar a prevalência de cisto ósseo traumático no contingente total de pacientes de cada profissional. O questionário de avaliação interrogou cada profissional sobre o número total de pacientes, bem como a quantidade de pacientes com diagnóstico de COT, após a criteriosa avaliação dos exames radiográficos panorâmicos. Evidenciou-se uma prevalência de 0,02% de cisto ósseo traumático na população estudada. A prevalência de COT foi muito baixa (1 em cada 4268 pacientes ortodônticos examinados), entretanto, por ser uma lesão assintomática, é de fundamental importância a realização de exames imaginológicos a partir dos 10 anos de idade para o seu diagnóstico.
His article aimed to assess the prevalence of traumatic bone cyst (TBC) in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment based on the evaluation of panoramic x-rays. The sample was composed of 12.805 patients from private practices, graduation and post-graduation programs recruited between 1990 and 2009. At first, each professional was calibrated with panoramic radiographs that were not part of the research on the characteristics and diagnosis of TBC. The method consisted on a objective questionnaire answered by orthodontists with the aim of evaluating the prevalence of traumatic cyst bone on the patients from each professional. The evaluation questionnaire asked each professional about the total number of patients as well as the number of patients diagnosed with TBC, after careful evaluation of panoramic radiographs. A prevalence of 0.02% of traumatic bone cyst (TBC) was found in the investigated population. The prevalence of TBC was very low (1 out of 4268 orthodontic patients examined). However, since TBC is an asymptomatic lesion it is of paramount importance to establish its diagnosis by having imaging examinations performed starting at age 10.
Subject(s)
Humans , Bone Cysts , MandibleABSTRACT
O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar a força adesiva na recolagem de bráquetes novos e reutilizados, quando os mesmos procedimentos da colagem inicial são realizados. Foram utilizados 20 incisivos bovinos. Na face vestibular de cada dente foi colado bráquete metálico (Morelli, Sorocaba, Brasil), seguindo o mesmo protocolo de colagem. Para a primeira descolagem foi utilizada força de cisalhamento através da máquina de ensaios mecânicos (Emic dl 500 mf célula drd 23, São José dos Pinhais, Paraná - Brasil). Para a segunda colagem (recolagem), a amostra foi dividida em grupo 1 e grupo 2 (1R e 2R). Em ambos os grupos foram realizados os mesmos procedimentos da colagem inicial, sendo que no grupo 2R foram usados bráquetes reutilizados por microjateamento. Nos dois grupos (1 e 2), a descolagem foi feita empregando-se a mesma máquina de ensaios mecânicos, pelo mesmo operador, e foram anotadas as cargas de rupturas. Foi aplicada à amostra a análise de variância (Anova) que calculou as médias, desvios-padrão e mostrou haver diferença entre os grupos, sendo realizado então, o teste de múltipla comparação de Tukey. Os resultados mostraram que a recolagem com bráquetes metálicos pode ser considerada uma boa alternativa para o tratamento ortodôntico.
The aim of this study was to compare the shear Bond strength when rebonding with new and reconditioned brackets, using the same procedures as at initial bonding. Twenty bovine incisors were used. Metallic brackets (Morelli, Sorocaba, Brasil) were bonded on the vestibular surface of the tooth, following the same bonding protocol. First debonding was done by universal test machine (EMIC DL 500 MF CÉLULA DRD 23, São José dos Pinhais, Paraná Brazil). For the second bonding (rebonding), the sample was divided in groups (1R and 2R). On both groups the same bonding procedures were performed, as at initial bonding, and brackets reconditioned with microetching were used on group 2R. Second debonding was done using the same test machine, by the same operator and results were recorded. Descriptive statistics, including the mean, standard deviation, and minimum and maximum values of the shear Bond strength were calculated using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and indicated a significant difference into groups, so Tukeys multiple pairwise comparisons were performed. The results showed that rebondedmetal brackets are a good alternative for the orthodontic treatment.
Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Dental Bonding , Dental Debonding , Orthodontic Brackets , OrthodonticsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this research was to investigate the influence of 35% hydrogen peroxide on orthodontic bracket adhesion at zero hour, 24 hours, 7, 21 and 56 days after dental bleaching. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety bovine incisors were prepared for adhesion test and adhesive remnant index (ARI) determination. The 35% hydrogen peroxide was used as a bleaching agent and the Transbond XT as a bonding agent. RESULTS: Statiscally significant differences were observed between all the groups (p<0.001) and were observed in the comparison of zero hour and control group (p<0.001) and in the comparison of zero hour and 24 hours (p<0.001). ARI scores (0, 1, 2 e 3) also showed statiscally differences between all the groups (p=0.011) and at the comparison of all the test groups with the control: zero hour (p=0.001), 24 hours (p=0.009), 7 days (p=0.018), 21 days (p<0.001) e 56 days (p=0.004). CONCLUSIONS: The shear bond strength values became significantly lower when the bracket was bonded immediately after bleaching and quickly returned to control level in 24 hours. In seven days, there was a slight increase that was not significant and recovered to normal values in the next weeks. Different patterns of fractures were observed in bleached enamel when ARI scores were analyzed. The control group showed a high frequency of 3 score and none of zero score, the opposite behavior was observed in the test groups.
Subject(s)
Dental Bonding/methods , Orthodontic Brackets , Resin Cements/chemistry , Tooth Bleaching Agents/chemistry , Tooth Bleaching/methods , Acid Etching, Dental/methods , Adhesiveness , Animals , Carbon Compounds, Inorganic/chemistry , Cattle , Dental Enamel/anatomy & histology , Dental Prophylaxis/methods , Dental Stress Analysis/instrumentation , Hydrogen Peroxide/chemistry , Materials Testing , Phosphoric Acids/chemistry , Saliva, Artificial/chemistry , Shear Strength , Silicon Compounds/chemistry , Stress, Mechanical , Surface Properties , Temperature , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Este artigo de revisão da literatura centra tópicos relevantes na investigação e intervenção em redes familiares e sociais no âmbito do aconselhamento genético. Foca o papel dos familiares mais idosos na gestão psicossocial do risco genético a doenças hereditárias (particularmente, cancros hereditários) e suas implicações no aconselhamento genético, nomeadamente apoio social e comunicação intrafamiliar sobre o risco genético.(AU)
This paper presents a literature review on research and intervention in family and social networks in the scope of genetic counselling. It addresses the role of the oldest family members in the psychosocial adaptation to genetic risk for hereditary illnesses in the family (particularly to hereditary cancers) and its implications for genetic counselling, namely social support and the intrafamilial communication of genetic risk.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Aged , Aged , Genetic Diseases, Inborn , Genetic Counseling , PedigreeABSTRACT
Este artigo de revisão da literatura centra tópicos relevantes na investigação e intervenção em redes familiares e sociais no âmbito do aconselhamento genético. Foca o papel dos familiares mais idosos na gestão psicossocial do risco genético a doenças hereditárias (particularmente, cancros hereditários) e suas implicações no aconselhamento genético, nomeadamente apoio social e comunicação intrafamiliar sobre o risco genético.
This paper presents a literature review on research and intervention in family and social networks in the scope of genetic counselling. It addresses the role of the oldest family members in the psychosocial adaptation to genetic risk for hereditary illnesses in the family (particularly to hereditary cancers) and its implications for genetic counselling, namely social support and the intrafamilial communication of genetic risk.
Subject(s)
Humans , Aged , Aged , Genetic Counseling , Genetic Diseases, Inborn , PedigreeABSTRACT
Nickel-titanium (NiTi) shape-memory alloys (SMAs) have been used in the manufacture of orthodontic wires due to their shape memory properties, super-elasticity, high ductility, and resistance to corrosion. SMAs have greater strength and lower modulus of elasticity when compared with stainless steel alloys. The pseudoelastic behavior of NiTi wires means that on unloading they return to their original shape by delivering light continuous forces over a wider range of deformation which is claimed to allow dental displacements. The aim of this paper is to discuss the physical, metallurgical, and mechanical properties of NiTi used in Orthodontics in order to analyze the shape memory properties, super-elasticity, and thermomechanical characteristics of SMA.
ABSTRACT
To evaluate force extension relaxation of different brands and diameters of latex elastics subjected to static tensile testing under an apparatus designed to simulate oral environments, sample sizes of 5 elastics from American Orthodontics (AO), Tp, and Morelli Orthodontics (Mo) of equivalent medium force, (3/16, 1/4, and 5/16 inch size) were tested. The forces were read after 1-, 3-, 6-, 12- and 24-hour periods in Emic testing machine with 30 mm/min cross-head speed and load cell of 20 N. Two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni tests were used to identify statistical significance. There were statistically differences among different manufacturers at all observation intervals (P < 0.0001). The relationships among loads at 24-hour time period were as follows: Morelli>AO>Tp for 3/16, 1/4, and 5/16 elastics. The force decay pattern showed a notable drop-off of forces until 3 hours, a slight increase in some groups from 3-6 hours and a more homogeneous force pattern over 6-24 hours.
ABSTRACT
A intervenção cirúrgica nos casos de discrepância esquelética severa do tipo classe II em pacientes sem crescimento é fundamental para obtenção de um resultado estético, funcional e psicológico satisfatórios. A cirurgia proporcionará aos pacientes não somente uma oclusão favorável e estável, como uma mudança significativa em seu perfil. Estes indivíduos são levados de uma situação de reclusão social para uma melhora na satisfação com sua aparência e com isso uma melhora no seu relacionamento com a sociedade. No caso clínico apresentado, além de um adequado resultado funcional, houve um ganho importante no que se refere à estética facial, sendo este impossível sem o auxílio da cirurgia de avanço mandibular, proporcionando harmonia entre o terço inferior da face com o restante do perfil. O plano de tratamento deve ser exposto ao paciente e deve proporcionar um correto esclarecimento sobre o tratamento orto-cirúrgico, com ênfase nos riscos e benefícios deste tipo de tratamento.
Surgical intervention of severe skeletal class II discrepancy of patients without growth is essential to obtain an aesthetic, functional and psychological satisfactory results, giving these patients, not only a favorable and stable occlusion, as a significant change in their profile. Patients are moved from a situation of social isolation to an improvement in satisfaction with their appearance with an improvement in their relationship with society. In the case presented, the patient had an important gain in regard to function as facial aesthetics, which was impossible without the aid of surgery for mandibular advancement, providing harmony between the lower third of the face with the rest of the profile. The treatment plan should be proposed to the patient providing a proper explanation about the treatment ortho-surgery, with emphasis on the risks and benefits of such treatment.
Subject(s)
Female , Adolescent , Mandibular Advancement , Surgery, Oral , OrthodonticsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the force extension relaxation of different manufacturers and diameters of latex elastics subjected to static tensile testing under dry and wet conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sample sizes of 15 elastics from American Orthodontics (AO) (Sheboygan, Wis), TP (La Porte, Ind), and Morelli Orthodontics (Sorocaba SP, Brazil) were used. Equivalent medium force products were tested--3/16, 1/4, and 5/16 inch lumen size from each manufacturer--making a total of 1080 specimens. An apparatus was designed to simulate oral environments during elastics stretching. Forces were read after 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 hour periods using the Emic Testing Machine (Emic Co., Sao Paulo, Brazil) with 30 mm/min cross-head speed and load cell of 20 N (Emic Co). Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's tests were used to identify statistical significance. RESULTS: Statistical differences between AO and the other brands were noted for all testing times. Significant variation in mechanical properties was observed in latex elastics from Morelli. Relationships among loads at the 0 hour time period were as follows: Morelli>AO>TP for 3/16 elastics (P = .0016), 1/4 elastics (P = .0016), and 5/16 elastics (P = .0087). CONCLUSION: Significant differences in force extension relaxation were noted for elastics from these manufacturers. Force relaxation over the 24 hour time period was AO>Morelli>TP for 3/16 elastics, AO>TP>Morelli for 1/4 elastics, and TP>AO>Morelli for 5/16 elastics. The force decay pattern showed a notable drop-off of forces during 0 to 3 hours, a slight increase in force values from 3 to 6 hours, and a progressive force reduction over 6 to 24 hours.