ABSTRACT
To confirm circulation of Anajatuba virus in Maranhao, Brazil, we conducted a serologic survey (immunoglobulin G ELISA) and phylogenetic studies (nucleocapsid gene sequences) of hantaviruses from wild rodents and persons with hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. This virus is transmitted by Oligoryzomys fornesi rodents and is responsible for hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in this region.
Subject(s)
Disease Reservoirs/virology , Environmental Monitoring , Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome/epidemiology , Orthohantavirus/classification , Sigmodontinae/virology , Adult , Animals , Antibodies, Viral/blood , Brazil/epidemiology , Contact Tracing , Cross-Sectional Studies , Epidemiological Monitoring , Female , Orthohantavirus/genetics , Orthohantavirus/isolation & purification , Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome/blood , Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome/veterinary , Humans , Immunoglobulin G/blood , Male , Molecular Sequence Data , Phylogeny , RNA, Viral/analysis , RNA, Viral/genetics , Seroepidemiologic StudiesABSTRACT
Existe uma lacuna considerável sobre displasia ectodérmica na literatura, especialmente em relação a trabalhos que abordem um cuidado específico de enfermagem. O objetivo deste estudo de caso foi elaborar os diagnósticos e as intervenções de enfermagem fundamentados na North American Nursing Diagnosis Association NANDA e na Classificação das Intervenções de Enfermagem NIC (Nursing Intervention Classification) respectivamente, para uma criança com displasia ectodérmica e seu cuidador, visando o cuidado integral. As intervenções de enfermagem estão relacionadas aos seguintes diagnósticos: hipertermia, nutrição desequilibrada abaixo das necessidades corporais e risco para infecção. A aplicação do processo de enfermagem baseado na NANDA e na NIC resultou em uma boa qualidade de cuidado à criança com displasia ectodérmica
Subject(s)
Male , Infant , Nursing Diagnosis/methods , Ectodermal Dysplasia/nursing , Pediatric Nursing/methods , Nursing ProcessABSTRACT
Following the occurrence of the first laboratory-confirmed cases of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) in Maranhao State, Brazil, rodents were trapped and rodent materials screened by ELISA for antibodies to Sin Nombre and Andes hantaviruses. Antibody-positive samples were tested by RT-PCR, amplified products were sequenced, and phylogenetic trees were constructed for comparison with known hantaviruses. From 104 rodent blood samples collected (40 Bolomys lasiurus, 52 Holochilus sciureus, 12 Oligoryzomys fornesi, and one Proechimys guyannensis), 21 (20.2%) were antibody-positive (one B. lasiurus, five O. fornesi, and 15 H. sciureus). Hantavirus RNA was amplified by PCR from two O. fornesi and four H. sciureus. Viral sequencing identified two hantavirus genotypes. The genotype recovered from O. fornesi, is designated herein as Anajatuba (ANAJ) and the genotype recovered from H. sciureus is designated Rio Mearim (RIME). Phylogenetic analysis of a 643-nucleotide region of the N segment showed both viruses to be most closely related (94-96% nucleotide homology) to Río Mamoré virus, a virus associated with Oligoryzomys microtis in Bolivia and Peru, but not found in northern Brazil. O. fornesi was frequently captured in and around human dwellings. H. sciureus, is a semi-aquatic rodent captured only in remote areas rarely frequented by humans.
Subject(s)
Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome/virology , Orthohantavirus/genetics , Rodentia/virology , Amino Acid Sequence , Animals , Antibodies, Viral/blood , Base Sequence , Brazil , DNA, Viral/chemistry , DNA, Viral/genetics , Disease Reservoirs/veterinary , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Genotype , Orthohantavirus/classification , Orthohantavirus/immunology , Orthohantavirus/isolation & purification , Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome/transmission , Humans , Molecular Sequence Data , Phylogeny , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid , ZoonosesABSTRACT
In 2000, the first outbreak of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome was recognized in the Brazilian Amazon (Maranhao State). An epidemiologic study identified a 13.3% prevalence of hantavirus-specific immunoglobulin G. The analysis of risk factors suggests that persons are occupationally exposed to infected rodents in the crop fields.
Subject(s)
Antibodies, Viral/blood , Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome/epidemiology , Immunoglobulin G/blood , Orthohantavirus/immunology , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Agriculture , Animals , Brazil/epidemiology , Female , Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome/virology , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Occupational Exposure , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Rodent Diseases/virology , Rodentia/virologyABSTRACT
The authors report a confirmed case of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in the rural area of the municipality of Anajatuba, state of Maranhäo. Two other suspected cases from the same region are also described. The confirmed case involved a previously healthy young woman who died with signs and symptoms of acute respiratory insufficiency 5 days after presenting fever, myalgia and a dry cough. The patient was a student who was helping her parents with work in the fields; it was a habit of the family to store rice inside the house. The suspected cases involved two first-degree relatives working as field hands who died of acute respiratory insufficiency 24 and 48 hours, respectively, after presenting fever, myalgia and a dry cough. Both stored rice and corn inside their home. People living in the region reported massive infestations with rats in the woods and fields
